Author 469
Type of Media
After The Enlightenment: The Rediscovery Of Averroes By Tiedemann And Herder, 2023
By: Stefan Schick
Title After The Enlightenment: The Rediscovery Of Averroes By Tiedemann And Herder
Type Article
Language English
Date 2023
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 33
Issue 1
Pages 113 - 139
Categories Tradition and Reception, Kant
Author(s) Stefan Schick
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Both Arabic modernists and Western humanists often regard the Muslim philosopher Averroes as one of the earliest precursors of Kant and the European Enlightenment. In contrast to this reputation, this paper argues that it was Kant’s critics Herder and Tiedemann who rediscovered Averroes. Tiedemann was the first German historiographer to give an accurate account of Averroes’ thought. This was accompanied by a re-evaluation of Averroes by Herder in his Letters for the Advancement of Humanity, in which he recognized the similarity between his own concept of the spirit of the age as historical reason – his alternative to the Enlightenment concept of a universal and ahistorical reason – and Averroes’ concept of a single material intellect for all individual human minds. Finally, the paper outlines the possible connections between Averroes’ interpretation of Aristotle’s intellect and Hegel’s concept of reason in history. Les modernistes arabes et les humanistes occidentaux considèrent souvent le philosophe musulman Averroès comme l’un des premiers précurseurs de Kant et des Lumières européennes. Contrairement à cette réputation, cet article soutient que ce sont les critiqueurs de Kant, Herder et Tiedemann, qui ont redécouvert Averroès. Tiedemann a été le premier historiographe allemand à donner un compte rendu précis de la pensée d’Averroès. Cela s’est accompagné d’une réévaluation d’Averroès par Herder dans ses Lettres sur les progrès de l’humanité, dans lesquelles il reconnaît la similitude entre son propre concept de l’esprit du temps en tant que raison historique – son alternative au concept des Lumières d’une raison universelle et anhistorique – et le concept d’Averroès d’un intellect matériel unique pour tous les esprits humains individuels. Enfin, l’article expose les liens possibles entre l’interprétation d’Averroès de l’intellect d’Aristote et le concept de raison historique de Hegel.

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La tradition hébraïque du Tahâfut al-Tahâfut d'Averroès. Status quaestionis et perspectives de recherche, 2023
By: Silvia Di Donato
Title La tradition hébraïque du Tahâfut al-Tahâfut d'Averroès. Status quaestionis et perspectives de recherche
Type Article
Language French
Date 2023
Categories Averroism, Tradition and Reception, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Silvia Di Donato
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Importance of History and Perspective in Understanding Mediæval Philosophy: The Case of Maimonides’ Response to the Question of Eternity, 2023
By: S. M. Hadi Gerami
Title The Importance of History and Perspective in Understanding Mediæval Philosophy: The Case of Maimonides’ Response to the Question of Eternity
Type Article
Language English
Date 2023
Journal The Maghreb Review
Volume 40
Issue 3
Pages 289-307
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Maimonides, al-Ġazālī
Author(s) S. M. Hadi Gerami
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The study aims to show how taking history and perspective into consideration could help in understanding mediæval philosophy. To that end, in spite of a philosophical assumption which usually considers that there is no connection between eternity and creation, the paper assumes that Maimonides planned to establish a distinct response which was neither creation nor eternity. Investigating Maimonides’ perspective will be approached in two ways. Firstly, through the distinction between Maimonides, on one hand and theologians and philosophers on the other will be discussed from an intellectual point of view. Al-Ghazālī will be compared to Maimonides to show that, despite initial impressions, they differ substantially from each other on this issue. It will also be shown how Maimonides differentiated his discourse from that of the Greek philosophers. It will firstly be shown here that Maimonides’ response to the question of eternity adopts a different position from that of the classical theologians and the ancient philosophers. Secondly, the historicity of Maimonides’ discourse, or whether anyone else shared Maimonides’ conciliatory approach, will be examined. It will be shown that Averroes has the highest affinity with Maimonides in this regard. This will result in recognition of the fact that Maimonides’ “conciliatory approach” was shared with some other mediæval philosophers such as Averroes. Ultimately, it will be explained how Maimonides’ complicated concept of eternity can be better understood and justified if one takes perspective and historical discourse into consideration, showing that he was someone who tried to incorporate “conciliatory discourse” into mediæval philosophy.

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Può un uomo generarsi nell’utero di una capra o di una cagna? Una quaestio di Urbano da Bologna nel commento alla Physica di Averroè, 2023
By: Mario Loconsole
Title Può un uomo generarsi nell’utero di una capra o di una cagna? Una quaestio di Urbano da Bologna nel commento alla Physica di Averroè
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2023
Journal Noctua
Volume X
Issue 1
Pages 46-105
Categories Averroism, Latin Averroism, Natural Philosophy, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Mario Loconsole
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In Latin Europe, the controversy over spontaneous generation of perfect animals – namely those whose breeding occurs through sexual reproduction – is received in different ways, varying from positions very close to Avicenna’s, as in the case of Pietro Pomponazzi, to interpretations that rather refer to Averroes’ perspective. To this ‘Averroist front’ undoubtedly belongs the figure of Urbano da Bologna, author of the Expositio commenti Averrois in VIII libros Physicorum – a work that can be defined a supercommentary to Averroes’ Physica – composed in Bologna around 1334. The present study aims to provide the complete transcription of a quaestio that is present in the work – but which was disputed according to its author also in public – as an example of the elaboration of the theme of spontaneous generation in the early 14th century. The text deals with many aspects of the problem, especially elaborating on the correspondence between each specific form and its appropriate matter, in the light of the lively debates of the time, and reveals a mature understanding of Aristotle’s natural philosophy and its Averroist interpretation.

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The revision of the origins science of fiqh model: Ibn Rushd’s book Aldarory, 2023
By: Mohammed Ibrahim Alkaltham
Title The revision of the origins science of fiqh model: Ibn Rushd’s book Aldarory
Type Article
Language English
Date 2023
Journal ournal of Umm Al-Qura University for Sharia'h Sciences and Islamic Studies
Issue 93
Pages 133-159
Categories Law
Author(s) Mohammed Ibrahim Alkaltham
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This research project wants to discuss two subjects. The first will be an initiation about the topics that Ibn Rushd could purify from the science of jurisprudence. In the second, we will study the suitability of revising the science of jurisprudence based on the issues referred by Ibn Rushd. This research was conducted using the method of induction and analysis, and it was prefaced with a statement of what is meant by revising the principles of jurisprudence and the efforts of the fundamentalists in it, with a translation for Ibn Rushd. The research has been divided into two sections. In the first, we explained Ibn Rushd's approach to the revision of the principles of jurisprudence. In the second topic, we make an extrapolation of the places in which Ibn Rushd revised the principles and studied them by editing Ibn Rushd's opinion first and then inducing the opinions of the fundamentalists with the report including reasoning for each opinion. The positions that were induced were organized into five topics according to their types, namely: verbal issues, logical issues, linguistic issues, jurisprudential branches, and issues that do not bear benefit. Then, I make a conclusion in which the results and recommendations were presented.

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Varieties of consciousness in classical Arabic thought: Avicenna, Averroes, and the mutakallimūn, 2023
By: Deborah L. Black
Title Varieties of consciousness in classical Arabic thought: Avicenna, Averroes, and the mutakallimūn
Type Article
Language English
Date 2023
Journal British journal for the history of philosophy
Volume ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print)
Pages 1-22
Categories Psychology
Author(s) Deborah L. Black
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In classical Arabic philosophy, the topic of consciousness is commonly associated with Avicenna's ‘Flying Man’ thought experiment. But Avicenna's explorations of the nature of consciousness are not confined to the Flying Man, and he is by no means the only classical Islamic thinker to deem consciousness an important feature of our experience. Consciousness also plays a important role in the epistemology and moral psychology of Avicenna's intellectual rivals, the theologians (mutakallumūn), who represent important sources for Avicenna's own theorizing about consciousness. And while Avicenna's philosophical successor and critic, Averroes, seems to banish consciousness from the core of his cognitive psychology, in doing so he seems to anticipate contemporary efforts to expand the scope of consciousness through the notion of the ‘extended’ mind. This paper examines the varieties of consciousness recognized by Avicenna and several other classical Islamic thinkers with a view to understanding the extent to which their accounts can be mapped on to some of the concepts of consciousness delineated by contemporary philosophers of mind.

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Ibn Rushd in the Safavid Iran: “En Orient, après Averroès … ” Revisited, 2023
By: Fouad Ben Ahmed
Title Ibn Rushd in the Safavid Iran: “En Orient, après Averroès … ” Revisited
Type Article
Language English
Date 2023
Journal Intellectual history of the Islamicate world
Pages 1-29
Categories Transmission, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Fouad Ben Ahmed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Tracing the possible ways in which the thought of Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 595/1198) was transmitted within Muslim contexts can be such a “frustrating” and “depressing” task that it may have contributed to the near absence of his name in the lists of influential philosophers of Islam in the eastern part of the Islamic world. This article, through the consultation of original texts and manuscripts sets out to throw some light on this seeming absence. It offers a revision of Henry Corbin’s famous assertion about Ibn Rushd’s fate in the East by addressing the various receptions of Ibn Rushd’s texts in North Africa, Egypt, and the Levant, examining available manuscript catalogs of Ibn Rushd’s writings in Iran, and analyzing an important work by ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Lāhījī (d. 1072/1661–1662), one of the most famous philosophers of the 17th century.

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Averroès: La cohérence de la vérité, 2023
By: Ali Benmakhlouf
Title Averroès: La cohérence de la vérité
Type Article
Language French
Date 2023
Journal Sciences humaines (Auxerre, France)
Volume Les Essentiels (HS15)
Pages 19-21
Categories Epistemology
Author(s) Ali Benmakhlouf
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Noética y educación en Averroes. Un acercamiento a partir del Gran Comentario al De Anima de Aristóteles, 2023
By: Sandro Paredes
Title Noética y educación en Averroes. Un acercamiento a partir del Gran Comentario al De Anima de Aristóteles
Translation Noetics and Education in Averroes.An Approach from the Comentarium Magnumin Aristotelis De Anima
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2023
Journal Open Insight
Volume 14
Issue 32
Pages 99-126
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, De anima
Author(s) Sandro Paredes
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The noetics developed by Averroes in his Comentarium Magnumin Aristotelis De Animacontains some references and arguments related to education. Our article high-lights Averroes’ use of the teacher-student relationship as an argument within the analysis of the intellect and the possible implications for a philosophy of educa-tion. To achieve this: i) we expose, as background, the problem about the one and multiple intellect in Alexander of Af-rodisia and Thesmistius; ii) we analyze the reception of this problem in some passag-es of the Comentarium Magnum of Averroes that refer to education and the use they have within the noetic argumentation of it; iii) some relevant considerations are proposed that allow reconstructing of Averroes’s philosophy of education.

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Averroes and St. Thomas Aquinas Debate: How does the Moslem Philosopher understand Aristotle's Philosophy about Soul and Intellect?, 2023
By: Elka Anakotta
Title Averroes and St. Thomas Aquinas Debate: How does the Moslem Philosopher understand Aristotle's Philosophy about Soul and Intellect?
Type Article
Language English
Date 2023
Journal International Journal of Cultural and Religious Studies
Volume 3
Issue 2
Pages 51-58
Categories Aristotle, De anima, Intellect, Aquinas
Author(s) Elka Anakotta
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Arabs have penetrated the joints of Europa thought through a process of transliteration involving Islamic philosophers. While medieval Europe was a dark age, Arabs provided opportunities and space for the transliteration of the works of Plato and Aristotle. Thinkers (Islamic philosophers) penetrated the joints of European thought through the process of transliteration, one of which was Averroes, who attempted to re-perceive the soul and intellect of Aristotle, which later differed from the understanding built by St. Thomas Aquinas. From their position as Islamic philosophers, Averroes and St. Thomas Aquinas as Christian philosophers, their faith interests also enriched the conflict over the nderstanding of Aristotle's philosophy, especially about soul and intellect.

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Averroès: La cohérence de la vérité, 2023
By: Ali Benmakhlouf
Title Averroès: La cohérence de la vérité
Type Article
Language French
Date 2023
Journal Sciences humaines (Auxerre, France)
Volume Les Essentiels (HS15)
Pages 19-21
Categories Epistemology
Author(s) Ali Benmakhlouf
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd in the Safavid Iran: “En Orient, après Averroès … ” Revisited, 2023
By: Fouad Ben Ahmed
Title Ibn Rushd in the Safavid Iran: “En Orient, après Averroès … ” Revisited
Type Article
Language English
Date 2023
Journal Intellectual history of the Islamicate world
Pages 1-29
Categories Transmission, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Fouad Ben Ahmed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Tracing the possible ways in which the thought of Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 595/1198) was transmitted within Muslim contexts can be such a “frustrating” and “depressing” task that it may have contributed to the near absence of his name in the lists of influential philosophers of Islam in the eastern part of the Islamic world. This article, through the consultation of original texts and manuscripts sets out to throw some light on this seeming absence. It offers a revision of Henry Corbin’s famous assertion about Ibn Rushd’s fate in the East by addressing the various receptions of Ibn Rushd’s texts in North Africa, Egypt, and the Levant, examining available manuscript catalogs of Ibn Rushd’s writings in Iran, and analyzing an important work by ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Lāhījī (d. 1072/1661–1662), one of the most famous philosophers of the 17th century.

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Ibn Rušd al-Ḥafīd (Averroes) y su exilio a Lucena: orígenes judíos, genealogía y conversión forzosa, 2017
By: Maribel Fierro
Title Ibn Rušd al-Ḥafīd (Averroes) y su exilio a Lucena: orígenes judíos, genealogía y conversión forzosa
Type Article
Language English
Date 2017
Journal Al-Qantara
Volume 38
Issue 2
Pages 131–152
Categories no categories
Author(s) Maribel Fierro
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Reasons for and the Consequences of Averroes’ Saying Essence to God Abstract, 2021
By: Fevzi Yiğit
Title The Reasons for and the Consequences of Averroes’ Saying Essence to God Abstract
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2021
Journal Turkish Academic Research Review - Türk Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi [TARR]
Volume 6
Issue 3
Categories Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Fevzi Yiğit
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article deals with the relative reasons and consequences of Averroes’ saying God the essence. Thus, based on the example of Averroes, it is desired to show that the philosophers’ conception of God is actually directly related to the subject of metaphysics. The distinctions between potential and actual, being-essence and matter-form, which are thought to have strong forms of explanation, will be applied when needed. According to Averroes, his research of being is basically an investigation of essence. Although the concept of being/existence does not represent a higher level of being above the substance, it takes place in metaphysics as a higher concept with different meanings. However, according to Ibn Avicenna, the existing meets a higher level of being than the substance, and therefore its inquiry cannot be only the one for substance. Therefore, according to him, the subject of metaphysics is not a substance qua substance. In short, the possible reasons for Averroes to call God essence are as follows: First, God is the most suitable for the definition of essence in all existence. The second is that, keeping other meanings of being in mind, he accepted the concept of “mawjūd” as a mental concept that has no reality in the external world, that is, as a genus, and therefore only recognized the substance as reality. The third is the idea that the celestial bodies move endlessly. The fourth is his view on the relationship between universals and discrete entities and tangible individual essences. Following Aristotle, Averroes thinks that universals and ideas do not contribute to the existence of individual essences. The possible consequences of Averroes’ calling God a substance are as follows: The first is his Hanbalī attitude towards God in his books Fasl al-maqāl and al-Kashf an manāhij al-adilla, which he wrote on the relationship between religion and philosophy. Secondly, what was mentioned above as a cause, is a cyclical thing that can be expressed as a result here. In other words, while accepting the celestial bodies and the universe as eternal, causes God to be called essence, calling God essence results in the idea that the universe exists only apart and disconnected from him under the influence of God. The third is his rejection of the doctrines of creation out of nothing and sudūr (emanation). The refusal to create out of nothing is based on a general ontological principle -as the ancient philosophers openly expressed- “absolute absence cannot be the source of existence”.

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"... set hominem anima". Thomas d'Aquin et la pensée humaine comme acte du composé , 2006
By: Jean-Baptiste Brenet
Title "... set hominem anima". Thomas d'Aquin et la pensée humaine comme acte du composé
Type Article
Language French
Date 2006
Journal Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph
Volume 59
Pages 69–96
Categories Psychology, Thomas
Author(s) Jean-Baptiste Brenet
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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"Averroes. Leben, Werke und Lehre", s.v. "Averroes, Averroismus", 1980
By: Georges C. Anawati
Title "Averroes. Leben, Werke und Lehre", s.v. "Averroes, Averroismus"
Type Article
Language German
Date 1980
Pages 1291–92
Categories Surveys
Author(s) Georges C. Anawati
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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"Averroismus im Judentum", s.v. "Averroes, Averroismus", 1980
By: Hermann Greive
Title "Averroismus im Judentum", s.v. "Averroes, Averroismus"
Type Article
Language German
Date 1980
Pages 1295
Categories Jewish Averroism
Author(s) Hermann Greive
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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"Des propositions modales" epître d'ibn Malīḥ al-Raqqād, 1971
By: Abdelmajid El Ghannouchi
Title "Des propositions modales" epître d'ibn Malīḥ al-Raqqād
Type Article
Language French
Date 1971
Journal Arabica
Volume 18
Issue 2
Pages 202-210
Categories Logic
Author(s) Abdelmajid El Ghannouchi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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"If God will grant me life". Averroes the philosopher. Studies on the history of his development, 2004
By: Gerhard Endress
Title "If God will grant me life". Averroes the philosopher. Studies on the history of his development
Type Article
Language English
Date 2004
Journal Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 15
Pages 227–254
Categories Biography
Author(s) Gerhard Endress
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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"Lateinischer Averroismus", s.v. "Averroes, Averroismus", 1980
By: Ludwig Hödl
Title "Lateinischer Averroismus", s.v. "Averroes, Averroismus"
Type Article
Language German
Date 1980
Pages 1292–1294
Categories Averroism
Author(s) Ludwig Hödl
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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