Investigating the Influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the Issue of Interpretation of Religious Texts, 2022
By: Abuzar Rajabi, Morsal Azizi
Title Investigating the Influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the Issue of Interpretation of Religious Texts
Type Article
Language Arabic
Date 2022
Journal Comparative Theology
Volume 13
Issue 27
Pages 1-16
Categories al-Ġazālī, Influence, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Abuzar Rajabi , Morsal Azizi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Islamic thinkers do not think alike about understanding similar verses and the issue of the appearance and interiority of verses, and sometimes there are fundamental differences between them. Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd are in favor of using the method of interpretation in understanding similar verses and considering the way of escaping from the challenge and conflict of appearance and the inner self using the approach of interpretation. Ibn Rushd was famous for opposing Al-Ghazali and writing the book Tahaft Al-Tahaft in his critique of Tahaft al-Ghazali philosophers. Despite the criticisms, he is influenced by Al-Ghazali in some cases, and especially in the matter of interpretation. Al-Ghazali has two approaches encountering the problem of interpretation in two intellectual periods, in both of which he has been able to provide a new model by presenting a special approach in interpretation so that others can take a step in this direction and achieve a methodical understanding of religious texts. He has benefited a lot from this research model in understanding Ibn Rushd's text. According to the research findings, Ibn Rushd was influenced by Ghazali both in the nature of interpretation and in the reasoning and necessity of accepting it, as well as in the means of approaching interpretation. In the present descriptive-analytical study, the influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the issue of interpretation has been investigated.Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd are both advocates of using the method of interpretation in understanding the text. Although Ghazali is one of the Ash'arite theologians, in the matter of interpretation in both intellectual periods, he distances himself from thinkers such as Abul Hassan Ash'ari, Baqalani, and Jovini and accepts the methodical interpretation in understanding many verses of the Holy Qur'an. Methodology and adherence to a disciplined mechanism in interpretation are the characteristics of using this method by Al-Ghazali.Ibn Al-Rushd, like Al-Ghazali, does not see a conflict between the outward and inward meaning of the verses of the Holy Qur'an. Interpretation is a method that philosophers have the right to use in understanding the Holy Qur'an. Although this method raised serious objections to Al-Ghazali, it is influenced by Al-Ghazali’s interpretation. Ibn Al-Rushd mentions Al-Ghazali in many cases and considers Ghazali's method in this regard to be correct. He speaks about the nature of interpretation, the necessity of paying attention to it, its types and varieties, the division of the audience of revelation, and the permission and impermissibility of interpretation like Al-Ghazali.

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Sources et origines de la théorie de l’intellect d’Averroès (II), 2021
By: Marc Geoffroy
Title Sources et origines de la théorie de l’intellect d’Averroès (II)
Type Article
Language French
Date 2021
Journal Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph
Volume 68
Pages 135–232
Categories Psychology, Tradition and Reception, Influence, De anima
Author(s) Marc Geoffroy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Cette contribution constitue la deuxième partie de la publication, avec quelques mises à jour et aménagements, d’une thèse de doctorat soutenue sous le même intitulé à l’École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, en décembre 2009 et dont la première partie a été publiée dans les MUSJ 66 (2015-2016). L’auteur entend, selon une perspective strictement historique, déterminer les sources sur lesquelles s’est appuyé, entre les années cinquante et soixante du xiie siècle (première période de son travail philosophique), Averroès (Ibn Rušd, m. 1198) pour concevoir sa théorie de l’âme et de l’intellect, en référence aux sources péripatéticiennes auxquelles il pouvait avoir accès de son temps. Pour celui qui vaut dans la tradition philosophique comme le « Commentateur » d’Aristote par excellence, il peut paraître étonnant qu’Averroès n’ait eu d’emblée accès qu’à des sources indirectes relatives à la théorie de l’âme du Stagirite, mais ce fut pourtant le cas, comme l’auteur le montre ici. On voit en effet que la doctrine de l’âme exposée par Averroès est essentiellement structurée par l’enseignement d’Alexandre d’Aphrodise et par son De anima. L’aristotélisme d’Averroès apparaît de ce point de vue comme un aristotélisme sans Aristote, et ceci allait refluer de manière décisive sur l’exégèse d’Averroès une fois qu’il se serait emparé de l’écrit du Stagirite, notamment et surtout pour expliquer les chapitres 4 et 5 du livre III du De anima (sur l’intellect en puissance et l’intellect agent).

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5045","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5045,"authors_free":[{"id":5794,"entry_id":5045,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":955,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Marc Geoffroy","free_first_name":"Marc","free_last_name":"Geoffroy","norm_person":{"id":955,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Geoffroy","full_name":"Marc Geoffroy","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/174155514","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/7482512","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Marc Geoffroy"}}],"entry_title":"Sources et origines de la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019intellect d\u2019Averro\u00e8s (II)","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Sources et origines de la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019intellect d\u2019Averro\u00e8s (II)"},"abstract":"Cette contribution constitue la deuxi\u00e8me partie de la publication, avec quelques mises \u00e0 jour et am\u00e9nagements, d\u2019une th\u00e8se de doctorat soutenue sous le m\u00eame intitul\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole Pratique des Hautes \u00c9tudes, Paris, en d\u00e9cembre 2009 et dont la premi\u00e8re partie a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e dans les MUSJ 66 (2015-2016). L\u2019auteur entend, selon une perspective strictement historique, d\u00e9terminer les sources sur lesquelles s\u2019est appuy\u00e9, entre les ann\u00e9es cinquante et soixante du xiie si\u00e8cle (premi\u00e8re p\u00e9riode de son travail philosophique), Averro\u00e8s (Ibn Ru\u0161d, m. 1198) pour concevoir sa th\u00e9orie de l\u2019\u00e2me et de l\u2019intellect, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux sources p\u00e9ripat\u00e9ticiennes auxquelles il pouvait avoir acc\u00e8s de son temps. Pour celui qui vaut dans la tradition philosophique comme le \u00ab Commentateur \u00bb d\u2019Aristote par excellence, il peut para\u00eetre \u00e9tonnant qu\u2019Averro\u00e8s n\u2019ait eu d\u2019embl\u00e9e acc\u00e8s qu\u2019\u00e0 des sources indirectes relatives \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019\u00e2me du Stagirite, mais ce fut pourtant le cas, comme l\u2019auteur le montre ici. On voit en effet que la doctrine de l\u2019\u00e2me expos\u00e9e par Averro\u00e8s est essentiellement structur\u00e9e par l\u2019enseignement d\u2019Alexandre d\u2019Aphrodise et par son De anima. L\u2019aristot\u00e9lisme d\u2019Averro\u00e8s appara\u00eet de ce point de vue comme un aristot\u00e9lisme sans Aristote, et ceci allait refluer de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9cisive sur l\u2019ex\u00e9g\u00e8se d\u2019Averro\u00e8s une fois qu\u2019il se serait empar\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9crit du Stagirite, notamment et surtout pour expliquer les chapitres 4 et 5 du livre III du De anima (sur l\u2019intellect en puissance et l\u2019intellect agent).","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"French","online_url":"https:\/\/journals.usj.edu.lb\/melanges\/article\/view\/546","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"}],"authors":[{"id":955,"full_name":"Marc Geoffroy","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5045,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"M\u00e9langes de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Saint-Joseph","volume":"68","issue":"","pages":"135\u2013232"}},"sort":[2021]}

Ibn Rushd in the Hanbalî Tradition. Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya and the Continuity of Philosophy in Muslim Contexts, 2019
By: Fouad Ben Ahmed
Title Ibn Rushd in the Hanbalî Tradition. Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya and the Continuity of Philosophy in Muslim Contexts
Type Article
Language English
Date 2019
Journal The Muslim World
Volume 109
Issue 4
Pages 561–581
Categories Tradition and Reception, Influence
Author(s) Fouad Ben Ahmed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Biblical Inspiration & Islamic Instrumental Causality: Thomas Aquinas on Prophecy and the Two Authors of Sacred Scriptures, 2019
By: Brett Yardley
Title Biblical Inspiration & Islamic Instrumental Causality: Thomas Aquinas on Prophecy and the Two Authors of Sacred Scriptures
Type Article
Language English
Date 2019
Journal The Muslim World
Volume 109
Issue 3
Pages 431–449
Categories Thomas, Metaphysics, Influence
Author(s) Brett Yardley
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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L’éternité du mouvement chez Ibn Bâjja (Avempace) : de la définition générique à la défintion numérique. Le commentaire aux chapitres 1 et 2 du livre VIII de la Physique, 2016
By: Farah Cherif Zahar
Title L’éternité du mouvement chez Ibn Bâjja (Avempace) : de la définition générique à la défintion numérique. Le commentaire aux chapitres 1 et 2 du livre VIII de la Physique
Type Article
Language French
Date 2016
Journal Les Études Philosophiques
Volume 117
Issue 2
Pages 161–216
Categories Aristotle, Physics, al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Influence
Author(s) Farah Cherif Zahar
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article examines Ibn Bāǧǧa’s (Avempace) interpretation of the first two chapters of the eighth book of Aristotle’s Physics and what he has in mind when he describes Aristotle’s proof as a demonstration of the eternity of motion “in genus.” His approach in the second appendix to book eight differs from the one he develops in the main commentary. In the former text, Ibn Bāǧǧa works on the distinction between essential and accidental successions, which leads him to realize that the accidental and thus possible successions— horizontal approach—are not sufficient to guarantee the eternity of movement and then to adopt a vertical approach that goes back to the numerical identity of the circular continuous motion. We show to what extent Ibn Bāǧǧa’s interpretation is indebted to Al-Fārābī’s lost treatise On Changing Beings and also aim to highlight the role of this reading in the evolution of Averroes’ interpretation.

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Sources et origines de la théroie de l’intellect d’Averroès (I), 2014
By: Marc Geoffroy
Title Sources et origines de la théroie de l’intellect d’Averroès (I)
Type Article
Language French
Date 2014
Journal Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph
Volume 66
Issue 2014-2015
Pages 181–302
Categories Psychology, Tradition and Reception, Influence, De anima
Author(s) Marc Geoffroy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Critical approach of Averroes about the use of reason and its Presence in the western philosophical thinking, 2014
By: Sajjad Yousefi
Title Critical approach of Averroes about the use of reason and its Presence in the western philosophical thinking
Type Article
Language English
Date 2014
Journal Philosophical Investigations
Volume 8
Issue 15
Pages 167-181
Categories Influence
Author(s) Sajjad Yousefi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes’ Rationalism is one of the influential components of the Western philosophy. One of the central aspects of his rationalism is his criticism of the limits of using the reason. This study has been reviewed the deep of this criticism and its presence in the philosophical thought of the West. The research method, on the one hand, is analyzing the content and the genealogy of the issue on the other hand. Here I try to clarify the Islamic and Western philosophy relationship in this case, and the interactions between both approaches

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Storie di ricezione: Tolomeo, Avicenna e Averroè nel Medioevo arabo, ebraico e latino, 2013
By: Marienza Benedetto
Title Storie di ricezione: Tolomeo, Avicenna e Averroè nel Medioevo arabo, ebraico e latino
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2013
Journal Quaestio
Volume 13
Pages 323–336
Categories Avicenna, Influence, Transmission
Author(s) Marienza Benedetto
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The recent (re-)publication of volumes about Avicenna allows us to revisit his central position in the history of philosophy and his overwhelming influence in Arabic, Jewish and Latin cultures: even those who disagreed with Avicenna often developed their standpoint in confrontation with him. Equally significant and deep was Averroes’ impact on the philosophical tradition: the Quaestio de anima intellectiva by Thomas Wylton is a good example in this sense, presenting one the most original reading of Averroes’ noetic in the 14th century.

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Averroes – Ein Aufklärer im Mittelalter?, 2012
By: Stefan Schick
Title Averroes – Ein Aufklärer im Mittelalter?
Type Article
Language German
Date 2012
Journal Philosophische Rundschau
Volume 59
Issue 1
Pages 78–91
Categories Influence, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Stefan Schick
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Influence of al-Ghazzali on the Hermeneutics of Ibn Rushd, 2011
By: Mesut Okumus
Title The Influence of al-Ghazzali on the Hermeneutics of Ibn Rushd
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal Der Islam
Volume 86
Issue 2
Pages 286–311
Categories al-Ġazālī, Influence
Author(s) Mesut Okumus
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article is intended to illustrate that the hermeneutics of al-Ghazzali influenced Ibn Rushd in a certain degree. One can come across a number of contexts in the works of Ibn Rushd such as Tahafut al-tahafut, Fasl al-maqal and al-Kashf,in which he criticizes al-Ghazzali in relation to the interpretation of religious texts. However, one can notice that Ibn Rushd is deeply influenced by the views of al-Ghazzali on the matter of hermeneutics, especially concerning the definition of interpretation, the categorization of the ambiguous wordings in the religious texts as well as the classification of the groups of people authorized to fulfill the task of interpretation. In fact, Ibn Rushd’s threefold graduation of people as the masses, thetheologians, and the demonstrative people was masterminded and introduced by al-Ghazzali. In addition, it is from al-Ghazzali and from his interpretation of the125th verse of Surat al-Nahl that Ibn Rushd borrowed the suggestion that as regards the interpretation of religious texts, each of these three groups should adopt one of the three methods described as rhetorical, dialectical, and demonstrative. Another important context where Ibn Rushd is clearly under the influence of al-Ghazzali is the issue how the lawful method of interpretation is to be applied to the religious texts. Regarding this issue, he took up al-Ghazzali’s fivefold categorization of“being” as essential existence, sensual existence, imaginative existence, mental existence and analogical existence, suggesting to interpret the religious texts on the basis of this categorization.

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A Further Word regarding Arabic Influences on Borges, 1969
By: Erika Spivakovsky
Title A Further Word regarding Arabic Influences on Borges
Type Article
Language English
Date 1969
Journal Hispania
Volume 52
Issue 3
Pages 417-419
Categories Influence
Author(s) Erika Spivakovsky
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotelismo en Al-Andalus. A través del ejemplo del De generatione, 1994
By: Josep Puig Montada
Title Aristotelismo en Al-Andalus. A través del ejemplo del De generatione
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 1994
Journal Revista del Instituto Egipcio de Estudios IslámicosRecoge los contenidos presentados a Congreso Internacional sobre al-Andalus, encuentro entre tres mundos (el mundo árabe, el europeo y el americano) (1. 1991. Sevilla)
Volume 26
Pages 49–67
Categories Influence
Author(s) Josep Puig Montada
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotelismo en al-Andalus. En torno a la ciencia de la naturaleza y sus principios, 1995
By: Josep Puig Montada
Title Aristotelismo en al-Andalus. En torno a la ciencia de la naturaleza y sus principios
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 1995
Journal La ciudad de Dios
Volume 208
Pages 353–364
Categories Influence
Author(s) Josep Puig Montada
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotle and Averroes: The Influences of Aristotle's Arabic Commentator upon Western European and Arabic Rhetoric, 2007
By: Carol Lea Clark
Title Aristotle and Averroes: The Influences of Aristotle's Arabic Commentator upon Western European and Arabic Rhetoric
Type Article
Language English
Date 2007
Journal Review of Communication
Volume 7
Issue 4
Pages 369-387
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, Influence, Rhetoric
Author(s) Carol Lea Clark
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
During the 9th through 12th centuries, Aristotle's works, including the Rhetoric, were translated and studied in Arabic centers of learning, following the Prophet Mohammad's injunction to “seek knowledge even unto China.” Averroes (Ibn Rushd, d. 1198), the most prominent of the scholars who wrote commentaries on Aristotle's works, advocated that pagan Greek philosophical logic and rhetoric complimented, rather than contradicted, Islamic teaching. However, Averroes's strictly rationalist views and appreciation for pagan Greek philosophy clashed with an intensification of Islamic orthodoxy toward the end of the 12th century, and the commentator's reputation declined or disappearerd in Islamic centers of learning. Many of Averroes's works, though, were translated into Latin, Hebrew, and other languages, and his texts were studied along with Aristotle's in medieval Europe. This essay attempts to sbhow that, in a minor way, Averroes's heritage as an Aristotelian commentator continues to be studied and, thus, to influence rhetoric in both Western and Arabic countries. It also demonstrates, however, that these desultory efforts do not take advantage of the potential for insightful scholarship on this subject. In the long history of the dominant intellectual tradition of the Muslim world, Averroes offered for a brief few years the revolutionary perspective that logic, and consequently, rhetoric was independent of ideology or religion. The ramifications of that perspective have yet to be fully explored.

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Averroes – Ein Aufklärer im Mittelalter?, 2012
By: Stefan Schick
Title Averroes – Ein Aufklärer im Mittelalter?
Type Article
Language German
Date 2012
Journal Philosophische Rundschau
Volume 59
Issue 1
Pages 78–91
Categories Influence, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Stefan Schick
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès a-t-il cité le talmud?, 1949
By: Georges Vajda
Title Averroès a-t-il cité le talmud?
Type Article
Language French
Date 1949
Journal Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Age
Volume 17
Pages 267-270
Categories Influence
Author(s) Georges Vajda
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Avicenna and Western Thought in the Thirteenth Century, 1951
By: Kenelm Foster
Title Avicenna and Western Thought in the Thirteenth Century
Type Article
Language English
Date 1951
Journal Blackfriars
Volume 32
Issue 381
Pages 591-602
Categories Avicenna, Tradition and Reception, Influence
Author(s) Kenelm Foster
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Biblical Inspiration & Islamic Instrumental Causality: Thomas Aquinas on Prophecy and the Two Authors of Sacred Scriptures, 2019
By: Brett Yardley
Title Biblical Inspiration & Islamic Instrumental Causality: Thomas Aquinas on Prophecy and the Two Authors of Sacred Scriptures
Type Article
Language English
Date 2019
Journal The Muslim World
Volume 109
Issue 3
Pages 431–449
Categories Thomas, Metaphysics, Influence
Author(s) Brett Yardley
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Community of Ideas among the Great Faiths through the Ages, 1945
By: Herman Hailperin
Title Community of Ideas among the Great Faiths through the Ages
Type Article
Language English
Date 1945
Journal College English
Volume 6
Issue 7
Pages 368-375
Categories Surveys, Tradition and Reception, Influence, Transmission
Author(s) Herman Hailperin
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Critical approach of Averroes about the use of reason and its Presence in the western philosophical thinking, 2014
By: Sajjad Yousefi
Title Critical approach of Averroes about the use of reason and its Presence in the western philosophical thinking
Type Article
Language English
Date 2014
Journal Philosophical Investigations
Volume 8
Issue 15
Pages 167-181
Categories Influence
Author(s) Sajjad Yousefi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes’ Rationalism is one of the influential components of the Western philosophy. One of the central aspects of his rationalism is his criticism of the limits of using the reason. This study has been reviewed the deep of this criticism and its presence in the philosophical thought of the West. The research method, on the one hand, is analyzing the content and the genealogy of the issue on the other hand. Here I try to clarify the Islamic and Western philosophy relationship in this case, and the interactions between both approaches

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