| Title | Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes’s Novel Placement of the Platonic City |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 19–39 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Galen, Aristotle, Plato, Politics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Alexander Orwin |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” goes far beyond merely commenting on the original. With the benefit of 1,500 years of hindsight, it reckons with important works of philosophy that would have been completely unknown to Plato. Averroes mentions three authors of such works by name: Galen, whom he mostly rebukes, Aristotle, and Alfarabi. It would be hasty to assert that by including such extraneous material, Averroes departs from Plato, but, at the very least, he updates him on account of historical developments. The importance of Averroes's post-Platonic additions is evident from the very structure of the work. The part of it that can plausibly claim to be a commentary on Plato does not begin until 27.24, almost seven pages into Rosenthal's Hebrew text. Averroes begins to address the subject of war, corresponding to Republic 374b, having skipped all of book 1 and the majority of book 2, with only two brief references to them in the opening section (CR 22.27–30, 23.31–33, cf. 47.29–30and 105.25–27). Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25–27, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: “Before we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning” (CR 22.6–8). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22–24.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. Averroes appears to substitute scientific arguments from Aristotle and Alfarabi—mainly about science, philosophy, courage, and war—for Plato's dialectical introduction about justice and the founding of the just city. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5347","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5347,"authors_free":[{"id":6197,"entry_id":5347,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1790,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":"Alexander","free_last_name":"Orwin","norm_person":{"id":1790,"first_name":" Alexander","last_name":" Orwin","full_name":" Alexander Orwin","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/1153328348","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]= Alexander Orwin"}}],"entry_title":"Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes\u2019s Novel Placement of the Platonic City","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes\u2019s Novel Placement of the Platonic City"},"abstract":"Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic\u201d goes far beyond merely commenting on the original. With the benefit of 1,500 years of hindsight, it reckons with important works of philosophy that would have been completely unknown to Plato. Averroes mentions three authors of such works by name: Galen, whom he mostly rebukes, Aristotle, and Alfarabi. It would be hasty to assert that by including such extraneous material, Averroes departs from Plato, but, at the very least, he updates him on account of historical developments.\r\n\r\nThe importance of Averroes's post-Platonic additions is evident from the very structure of the work. The part of it that can plausibly claim to be a commentary on Plato does not begin until 27.24, almost seven pages into Rosenthal's Hebrew text. Averroes begins to address the subject of war, corresponding to Republic 374b, having skipped all of book 1 and the majority of book 2, with only two brief references to them in the opening section (CR 22.27\u201330, 23.31\u201333, cf. 47.29\u201330and 105.25\u201327). Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25\u201327, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: \u201cBefore we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning\u201d (CR 22.6\u20138). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22\u201324.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. Averroes appears to substitute scientific arguments from Aristotle and Alfarabi\u2014mainly about science, philosophy, courage, and war\u2014for Plato's dialectical introduction about justice and the founding of the just city.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.002","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":30,"category_name":"Galen","link":"bib?categories[]=Galen"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"}],"authors":[{"id":1790,"full_name":" Alexander Orwin","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5347,"section_of":5346,"pages":"19\u201339","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. 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| Title | Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-Fârâbî, Avicenna and Averroes |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | The Aristotelian Tradition in Syriac |
| Pages | 249–259 |
| Categories | Rhetoric, Politics, al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | John W. Watt |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Given the remarkable fact that Aristotle’s Rhetoric appears to have had little influence outside the area of logic in late antiquity, but was very influential in Islamic political philosophy, the chapter examines whether the Syriac tradition can help to explain this development. The late antique Platonic concept of philosophical rhetoric, Themistius’ political thought, and their echoes in the Rhetoric of Antony of Tagrit are examined, and compared with the ideas expressed in the writings on rhetoric of al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Averroes, and Bar Hebraeus. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5108","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5108,"authors_free":[{"id":5883,"entry_id":5108,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1719,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"John W. Watt","free_first_name":"John W.","free_last_name":"Watt","norm_person":{"id":1719,"first_name":"John W.","last_name":"Watt","full_name":"John W. Watt","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":" https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/131435531","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=John W. Watt"}}],"entry_title":"Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee, Avicenna and Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee, Avicenna and Averroes"},"abstract":"Given the remarkable fact that Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric appears to have had little influence outside the area of logic in late antiquity, but was very influential in Islamic political philosophy, the chapter examines whether the Syriac tradition can help to explain this development. The late antique Platonic concept of philosophical rhetoric, Themistius\u2019 political thought, and their echoes in the Rhetoric of Antony of Tagrit are examined, and compared with the ideas expressed in the writings on rhetoric of al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b, Avicenna, Averroes, and Bar Hebraeus.","btype":2,"date":"2019","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":48,"category_name":"Rhetoric","link":"bib?categories[]=Rhetoric"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"}],"authors":[{"id":1719,"full_name":"John W. Watt","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5108,"section_of":5107,"pages":"249\u2013259","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5107,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"The Aristotelian Tradition in Syriac","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2019","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"This volume presents a panorama of Syriac engagement with Aristotelian philosophy primarily situated in the 6th to the 9th centuries, but also ranging to the 13th. It offers a wide range of articles, opening with surveys on the most important philosophical writers of the period before providing detailed studies of two Syriac prolegomena to Aristotle's Categories and examining the works of Hunayn, the most famous Arabic translator of the 9th century. Watt also examines the relationships between philosophy, rhetoric and political thought in the period, and explores the connection between earlier Syriac tradition and later Arabic philosophy in the thought of the 13th century Syriac polymath Bar Hebraeus.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780429445231","book":{"id":5107,"pubplace":"Abingdon, New York","publisher":"Routledge","series":"Variorum collected studies","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":5882,"entry_id":5107,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"John W. Watt","free_first_name":"John W.","free_last_name":"Watt","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | Multitude et bene esse chez Averroès et Dante. Retour sur la Monarchie I,3 |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Dante et l’averroïsme |
| Pages | 357–383 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, De anima, Politics, Aristotle, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Jean-Baptiste Brenet |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://books.openedition.org/lesbelleslettres/472 |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5081","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5081,"authors_free":[{"id":5844,"entry_id":5081,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":622,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","free_first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","free_last_name":"Brenet","norm_person":{"id":622,"first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","last_name":"Brenet","full_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051778867","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/27224973","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Jean-Baptiste Brenet"}}],"entry_title":"Multitude et bene esse chez Averro\u00e8s et Dante. Retour sur la Monarchie I,3","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Multitude et bene esse chez Averro\u00e8s et Dante. Retour sur la Monarchie I,3"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2019","language":"French","online_url":"https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/lesbelleslettres\/472","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"}],"authors":[{"id":622,"full_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5081,"section_of":5080,"pages":"357\u2013383 ","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5080,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"Dante et l\u2019averro\u00efsme","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Dante averro\u00efste ? Le plus grand po\u00e8te du Moyen \u00c2ge fut-il le disciple du plus grand philosophe arabe ? La Divine Com\u00e9die place Averro\u00e8s, l\u2019auteur du \u00ab Grand commentaire \u00bb d\u2019Aristote, en Enfer, et en Paradis son disciple latin Siger de Brabant qui, dans l\u2019actuelle \u00ab rue du Fouarre \u00bb \u00e0 Paris, mettait en syllogismes \u00ab des v\u00e9rit\u00e9s importunes \u00bb. Jugement de Salomon ?\r\n\r\nCe volume collectif traite en d\u00e9tail l\u2019un des chapitres les plus controvers\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire comme de l\u2019historiographie de la philosophie et de la th\u00e9ologie m\u00e9di\u00e9vales. Revisitant les textes philosophiques et po\u00e9tiques de Dante, de la Vita nova au Convivio, au De vulgari eloquentia et \u00e0 la Monarchia, examinant les productions et les th\u00e8ses de ses contemporains, interlocuteurs, amis et adversaires, m\u00e9decins, philosophes et po\u00e8tes, rappelant et discutant les th\u00e8ses de ses lecteurs anciens et modernes, les meilleurs sp\u00e9cialistes des domaines concern\u00e9s, philosophes et italianistes, dressent le bilan de deux si\u00e8cles d\u2019\u00e9tudes sur Dante, mais aussi sur Cavalcanti et sur l\u2019averro\u00efsme latin.\r\n\r\nSuivant trois grands axes, le langage et la pens\u00e9e, les \u00e9motions, la politique, c\u2019est au coeur de l\u2019histoire et de la culture europ\u00e9ennes, \u00e0 Paris, \u00e0 Florence, sur les routes de l\u2019exil, que les contributions ici rassembl\u00e9es plongeront lectrices et lecteurs amoureux de Dante, de l\u2019Italie et de la litt\u00e9rature.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/books.lesbelleslettres.372","book":{"id":5080,"pubplace":"Paris","publisher":"Les Belles Lettres & Coll\u00e8ge de France","series":"Docet omina ","volume":"5","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | Della Politica di Aristotele all’”averroismo politico”. Una vicenda paradossale |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2018 |
| Journal | Mediterranea |
| Volume | 3 |
| Pages | 19–34 |
| Categories | Averroism, Politics, Aristotle, Modern Readings |
| Author(s) | Gregorio Piaia |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| From the early twentieth century onwards, the concept of ‘political Averroism’ has become widespread, especially with reference to Dante Alighieri and to Marsilius of Padua. It is our intention here to establish and delineate the remotest origin of this concept, which can be fundamentally traced back to two elements: the central role accorded to political reflection as a consequence of the French Revolution, and the adoption of Averroes as a symbol and figure anticipating modern rationalism. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5176","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5176,"authors_free":[{"id":5961,"entry_id":5176,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":684,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Gregorio Piaia","free_first_name":"Gregorio","free_last_name":"Piaia","norm_person":{"id":684,"first_name":"Gregorio","last_name":"Piaia","full_name":"Gregorio Piaia","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1141240149","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/2485674","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Gregorio Piaia"}}],"entry_title":"Della Politica di Aristotele all\u2019\u201daverroismo politico\u201d. Una vicenda paradossale","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Della Politica di Aristotele all\u2019\u201daverroismo politico\u201d. Una vicenda paradossale"},"abstract":"From the early twentieth century onwards, the concept of \u2018political Averroism\u2019 has become widespread, especially with reference to Dante Alighieri and to Marsilius of Padua. It is our intention here to establish and delineate the remotest origin of this concept, which can be fundamentally traced back to two elements: the central role accorded to political reflection as a consequence of the French Revolution, and the adoption of Averroes as a symbol and figure anticipating modern rationalism. ","btype":3,"date":"2018","language":"Italian","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21071\/mijtk.v0i3.10768 ","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":35,"category_name":"Modern Readings","link":"bib?categories[]=Modern Readings"}],"authors":[{"id":684,"full_name":"Gregorio Piaia","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5176,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Mediterranea","volume":"3 ","issue":"","pages":"19\u201334"}},"sort":[2018]}
| Title | The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante |
| Type | Article |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Labyrinth |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 209–231 |
| Categories | Politics, Aristotle, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Sabeen Ahmed |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In contemporary political discourse, the "clash of civilizations" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of "democracy" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would "inspire and declare any resistance to democracy" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante – in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced – and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"4995","_score":null,"_source":{"id":4995,"authors_free":[{"id":5729,"entry_id":4995,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Sabeen Ahmed","free_first_name":"Sabeen","free_last_name":"Ahmed","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante"},"abstract":"In contemporary political discourse, the \"clash of civilizations\" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of \"democracy\" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would \"inspire and declare any resistance to democracy\" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante \u2013 in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced \u2013 and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages.","btype":3,"date":"2016","language":null,"online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25180\/lj.v18i2.54","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":4995,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Labyrinth","volume":"18","issue":"2","pages":"209\u2013231"}},"sort":[2016]}
| Title | Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Quaestio |
| Volume | 15 |
| Pages | 287–296 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Poetics, Commentary, Logic, Politics |
| Author(s) | Francesca Forte |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The theme of the pleasure of knowledge is central in Averroes’ aesthetical reflection of Aristotle’s Poetics, regardless whether we side with the logical or with the moral interpretation. The first one stresses the continuity between Averroes and previous commentators in his attempt to reconstruct the Poetics as an integral part of the Logic itself, whereby poetic discourse is conceived as a form of reasoning based on syllogisms. According to the latter perspective, however, pleasure is central in that poetry is a tool towards the pursuit of happiness: in this perspective it is necessary to bear in mind some common themes present in other works by Averroes (particularly in the commentaries on the Aristotelian Organon – and especially the commentary on the Rhetoric –, in the commentaries on Plato’s Republic, and, last but not least, in the Decisive Treatise). The pleasure of contemplative knowledge must go hand in hand with the pursuit of communal happiness and therefore with the good and proper order of community and society. Poetry represents a central tool towards this aim in that it expresses moral truths which cannot not be communicated (to everybody) by means of logic and philosophy alone. |
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| Title | Averróis: a arte de governar. Uma leitura aristotelizante da República |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Date | 2012 |
| Publication Place | São Paulo |
| Publisher | Perspectiva |
| Categories | Politics, Aristotle, Plato |
| Author(s) | Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-Fârâbî, Avicenna and Averroes |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2011 |
| Published in | Well Begun is Only Half Done: Tracing Aristotle’s Political Ideas in Medieval Arabic, Syriac, Byzantine, and Jewish Sources |
| Pages | 17–47 |
| Categories | Rhetoric, Politics, al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | John W. Watt |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| see also the Chapter under the same title in John W. Watt "The Aristotelian Tradition in Syriac". |
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| Title | Well Begun is Only Half Done: Tracing Aristotle’s Political Ideas in Medieval Arabic, Syriac, Byzantine, and Jewish Sources |
| Type | Edited Book |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2011 |
| Publication Place | Tempe, Arizona |
| Publisher | ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies) |
| Series | Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies; Medieval Confluences Series |
| Volume | 388 respectively 1 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Vasileios Syros |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Journal | International Journal of the Classical Tradition |
| Pages | 1-29 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aristotle, Poetics, Rhetoric, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Peter Makhlouf |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Judaeo-Arabic prophetology, as developed in the wake of Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy, was highly attentive to the kind of representational modes produced by divine revelation and their political use—but also their political precarity. By drawing on another corpus, less often discussed in this context, the Arabic commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics and Rhetoric, this study proposes to undertake a close analysis of how the medieval thinkers in question (Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides) understood the poetics of prophecy to function. What emerges is an account of how the political theo-logic of poetics and rhetoric—as developed with respect to terms such as imitation, imagination and visualization—came to play a central role in the theory of prophecy, and how that theory of prophecy in turn gave rise to an understanding of what Leo Strauss once termed the ‘literary character’ of these philosophers' ‘art of writing’. |
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| Title | Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-Fârâbî, Avicenna and Averroes |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | The Aristotelian Tradition in Syriac |
| Pages | 249–259 |
| Categories | Rhetoric, Politics, al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | John W. Watt |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Given the remarkable fact that Aristotle’s Rhetoric appears to have had little influence outside the area of logic in late antiquity, but was very influential in Islamic political philosophy, the chapter examines whether the Syriac tradition can help to explain this development. The late antique Platonic concept of philosophical rhetoric, Themistius’ political thought, and their echoes in the Rhetoric of Antony of Tagrit are examined, and compared with the ideas expressed in the writings on rhetoric of al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Averroes, and Bar Hebraeus. |
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| Title | Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-Fârâbî, Avicenna and Averroes |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2011 |
| Published in | Well Begun is Only Half Done: Tracing Aristotle’s Political Ideas in Medieval Arabic, Syriac, Byzantine, and Jewish Sources |
| Pages | 17–47 |
| Categories | Rhetoric, Politics, al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | John W. Watt |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| see also the Chapter under the same title in John W. Watt "The Aristotelian Tradition in Syriac". |
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| Title | Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Quaestio |
| Volume | 15 |
| Pages | 287–296 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Poetics, Commentary, Logic, Politics |
| Author(s) | Francesca Forte |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The theme of the pleasure of knowledge is central in Averroes’ aesthetical reflection of Aristotle’s Poetics, regardless whether we side with the logical or with the moral interpretation. The first one stresses the continuity between Averroes and previous commentators in his attempt to reconstruct the Poetics as an integral part of the Logic itself, whereby poetic discourse is conceived as a form of reasoning based on syllogisms. According to the latter perspective, however, pleasure is central in that poetry is a tool towards the pursuit of happiness: in this perspective it is necessary to bear in mind some common themes present in other works by Averroes (particularly in the commentaries on the Aristotelian Organon – and especially the commentary on the Rhetoric –, in the commentaries on Plato’s Republic, and, last but not least, in the Decisive Treatise). The pleasure of contemplative knowledge must go hand in hand with the pursuit of communal happiness and therefore with the good and proper order of community and society. Poetry represents a central tool towards this aim in that it expresses moral truths which cannot not be communicated (to everybody) by means of logic and philosophy alone. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5240","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5240,"authors_free":[{"id":6049,"entry_id":5240,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Francesca Forte","free_first_name":"Francesca","free_last_name":"Forte","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry"},"abstract":"The theme of the pleasure of knowledge is central in Averroes\u2019 aesthetical reflection of Aristotle\u2019s Poetics, regardless whether we side with the logical or with the moral interpretation. The first one stresses the continuity between Averroes and previous commentators in his attempt to reconstruct the Poetics as an integral part of the Logic itself, whereby poetic discourse is conceived as a form of reasoning based on syllogisms. According to the latter perspective, however, pleasure is central in that poetry is a tool towards the pursuit of happiness: in this perspective it is necessary to bear in mind some common themes present in other works by Averroes (particularly in the commentaries on the Aristotelian Organon \u2013 and especially the commentary on the Rhetoric \u2013, in the commentaries on Plato\u2019s Republic, and, last but not least, in the Decisive Treatise). The pleasure of contemplative knowledge must go hand in hand with the pursuit of communal happiness and therefore with the good and proper order of community and society. Poetry represents a central tool towards this aim in that it expresses moral truths which cannot not be communicated (to everybody) by means of logic and philosophy alone.","btype":3,"date":"2015","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1484\/J.QUAESTIO.5.108604","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":27,"category_name":"Logic","link":"bib?categories[]=Logic"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5240,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Quaestio","volume":"15","issue":"","pages":"287\u2013296"}},"sort":["Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry"]}
| Title | Averróis: a arte de governar. Uma leitura aristotelizante da República |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Date | 2012 |
| Publication Place | São Paulo |
| Publisher | Perspectiva |
| Categories | Politics, Aristotle, Plato |
| Author(s) | Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Della Politica di Aristotele all’”averroismo politico”. Una vicenda paradossale |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2018 |
| Journal | Mediterranea |
| Volume | 3 |
| Pages | 19–34 |
| Categories | Averroism, Politics, Aristotle, Modern Readings |
| Author(s) | Gregorio Piaia |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| From the early twentieth century onwards, the concept of ‘political Averroism’ has become widespread, especially with reference to Dante Alighieri and to Marsilius of Padua. It is our intention here to establish and delineate the remotest origin of this concept, which can be fundamentally traced back to two elements: the central role accorded to political reflection as a consequence of the French Revolution, and the adoption of Averroes as a symbol and figure anticipating modern rationalism. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5176","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5176,"authors_free":[{"id":5961,"entry_id":5176,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":684,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Gregorio Piaia","free_first_name":"Gregorio","free_last_name":"Piaia","norm_person":{"id":684,"first_name":"Gregorio","last_name":"Piaia","full_name":"Gregorio Piaia","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1141240149","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/2485674","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Gregorio Piaia"}}],"entry_title":"Della Politica di Aristotele all\u2019\u201daverroismo politico\u201d. Una vicenda paradossale","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Della Politica di Aristotele all\u2019\u201daverroismo politico\u201d. Una vicenda paradossale"},"abstract":"From the early twentieth century onwards, the concept of \u2018political Averroism\u2019 has become widespread, especially with reference to Dante Alighieri and to Marsilius of Padua. It is our intention here to establish and delineate the remotest origin of this concept, which can be fundamentally traced back to two elements: the central role accorded to political reflection as a consequence of the French Revolution, and the adoption of Averroes as a symbol and figure anticipating modern rationalism. ","btype":3,"date":"2018","language":"Italian","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21071\/mijtk.v0i3.10768 ","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":35,"category_name":"Modern Readings","link":"bib?categories[]=Modern Readings"}],"authors":[{"id":684,"full_name":"Gregorio Piaia","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5176,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Mediterranea","volume":"3 ","issue":"","pages":"19\u201334"}},"sort":["Della Politica di Aristotele all\u2019\u201daverroismo politico\u201d. Una vicenda paradossale"]}
| Title | Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes’s Novel Placement of the Platonic City |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 19–39 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Galen, Aristotle, Plato, Politics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Alexander Orwin |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” goes far beyond merely commenting on the original. With the benefit of 1,500 years of hindsight, it reckons with important works of philosophy that would have been completely unknown to Plato. Averroes mentions three authors of such works by name: Galen, whom he mostly rebukes, Aristotle, and Alfarabi. It would be hasty to assert that by including such extraneous material, Averroes departs from Plato, but, at the very least, he updates him on account of historical developments. The importance of Averroes's post-Platonic additions is evident from the very structure of the work. The part of it that can plausibly claim to be a commentary on Plato does not begin until 27.24, almost seven pages into Rosenthal's Hebrew text. Averroes begins to address the subject of war, corresponding to Republic 374b, having skipped all of book 1 and the majority of book 2, with only two brief references to them in the opening section (CR 22.27–30, 23.31–33, cf. 47.29–30and 105.25–27). Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25–27, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: “Before we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning” (CR 22.6–8). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22–24.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. Averroes appears to substitute scientific arguments from Aristotle and Alfarabi—mainly about science, philosophy, courage, and war—for Plato's dialectical introduction about justice and the founding of the just city. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5347","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5347,"authors_free":[{"id":6197,"entry_id":5347,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1790,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":"Alexander","free_last_name":"Orwin","norm_person":{"id":1790,"first_name":" Alexander","last_name":" Orwin","full_name":" Alexander Orwin","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/1153328348","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]= Alexander Orwin"}}],"entry_title":"Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes\u2019s Novel Placement of the Platonic City","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes\u2019s Novel Placement of the Platonic City"},"abstract":"Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic\u201d goes far beyond merely commenting on the original. With the benefit of 1,500 years of hindsight, it reckons with important works of philosophy that would have been completely unknown to Plato. Averroes mentions three authors of such works by name: Galen, whom he mostly rebukes, Aristotle, and Alfarabi. It would be hasty to assert that by including such extraneous material, Averroes departs from Plato, but, at the very least, he updates him on account of historical developments.\r\n\r\nThe importance of Averroes's post-Platonic additions is evident from the very structure of the work. The part of it that can plausibly claim to be a commentary on Plato does not begin until 27.24, almost seven pages into Rosenthal's Hebrew text. Averroes begins to address the subject of war, corresponding to Republic 374b, having skipped all of book 1 and the majority of book 2, with only two brief references to them in the opening section (CR 22.27\u201330, 23.31\u201333, cf. 47.29\u201330and 105.25\u201327). Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25\u201327, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: \u201cBefore we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning\u201d (CR 22.6\u20138). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22\u201324.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. Averroes appears to substitute scientific arguments from Aristotle and Alfarabi\u2014mainly about science, philosophy, courage, and war\u2014for Plato's dialectical introduction about justice and the founding of the just city.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.002","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":30,"category_name":"Galen","link":"bib?categories[]=Galen"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"}],"authors":[{"id":1790,"full_name":" Alexander Orwin","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5347,"section_of":5346,"pages":"19\u201339","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes\u2019s Novel Placement of the Platonic City"]}
| Title | Multitude et bene esse chez Averroès et Dante. Retour sur la Monarchie I,3 |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Dante et l’averroïsme |
| Pages | 357–383 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, De anima, Politics, Aristotle, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Jean-Baptiste Brenet |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://books.openedition.org/lesbelleslettres/472 |
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| Title | Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Journal | International Journal of the Classical Tradition |
| Pages | 1-29 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aristotle, Poetics, Rhetoric, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Peter Makhlouf |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Judaeo-Arabic prophetology, as developed in the wake of Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy, was highly attentive to the kind of representational modes produced by divine revelation and their political use—but also their political precarity. By drawing on another corpus, less often discussed in this context, the Arabic commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics and Rhetoric, this study proposes to undertake a close analysis of how the medieval thinkers in question (Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides) understood the poetics of prophecy to function. What emerges is an account of how the political theo-logic of poetics and rhetoric—as developed with respect to terms such as imitation, imagination and visualization—came to play a central role in the theory of prophecy, and how that theory of prophecy in turn gave rise to an understanding of what Leo Strauss once termed the ‘literary character’ of these philosophers' ‘art of writing’. |
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| Title | The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante |
| Type | Article |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Labyrinth |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 209–231 |
| Categories | Politics, Aristotle, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Sabeen Ahmed |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In contemporary political discourse, the "clash of civilizations" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of "democracy" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would "inspire and declare any resistance to democracy" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante – in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced – and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages. |
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| Title | Well Begun is Only Half Done: Tracing Aristotle’s Political Ideas in Medieval Arabic, Syriac, Byzantine, and Jewish Sources |
| Type | Edited Book |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2011 |
| Publication Place | Tempe, Arizona |
| Publisher | ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies) |
| Series | Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies; Medieval Confluences Series |
| Volume | 388 respectively 1 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Vasileios Syros |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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