{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1747","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1747,"authors_free":[{"id":2014,"entry_id":1747,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1484,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Garc\u00eda Valverde","free_first_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Garc\u00eda","free_last_name":"Valverde","norm_person":{"id":1484,"first_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Garc\u00eda","last_name":"Valverde","full_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Garc\u00eda Valverde","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/133469824","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/44055302","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Jos\u00e9 Manuel Garc\u00eda Valverde"}}],"entry_title":"Averroistic Themes in Girolamo Cardano\u2019s De Immortalitate Animorum","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Averroistic Themes in Girolamo Cardano\u2019s De Immortalitate Animorum"},"abstract":null,"btype":2,"date":"2013","language":"English","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"}],"authors":[{"id":1484,"full_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Garc\u00eda Valverde","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1747,"section_of":241,"pages":"145\u2013172","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":241,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2013","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2013","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":241,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Springer","series":"International Archives of the History of Ideas","volume":"211","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2013]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1752","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1752,"authors_free":[{"id":2019,"entry_id":1752,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1486,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Marco Sgarbi","free_first_name":"Marco","free_last_name":"Sgarbi","norm_person":{"id":1486,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Sgarbi","full_name":"Marco Sgarbi","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/139748121","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/102599737","db_url":"https:\/\/www.deutsche-biographie.de\/pnd139748121.html","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Marco Sgarbi"}}],"entry_title":"Immanuel Kant, Universal Understanding, and the Meaning of Averroism in the German Enlightenment","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Immanuel Kant, Universal Understanding, and the Meaning of Averroism in the German Enlightenment"},"abstract":null,"btype":2,"date":"2013","language":"English","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":61,"category_name":"Kant","link":"bib?categories[]=Kant"},{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"}],"authors":[{"id":1486,"full_name":"Marco Sgarbi","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1752,"section_of":241,"pages":"255\u2013272","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":241,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2013","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2013","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":241,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Springer","series":"International Archives of the History of Ideas","volume":"211","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2013]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1754","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1754,"authors_free":[{"id":2021,"entry_id":1754,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1282,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"James E. Montgomery","free_first_name":"James E.","free_last_name":"Montgomery","norm_person":{"id":1282,"first_name":"James E.","last_name":"Montgomery","full_name":"James E. Montgomery","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/143167049","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=James E. Montgomery"}}],"entry_title":"Leo Strauss and the Alethiometer","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Leo Strauss and the Alethiometer"},"abstract":null,"btype":2,"date":"2013","language":"English","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"}],"authors":[{"id":1282,"full_name":"James E. Montgomery","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1754,"section_of":241,"pages":"285\u2013320","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":241,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2013","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2013","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":241,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Springer","series":"International Archives of the History of Ideas","volume":"211","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2013]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1748","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1748,"authors_free":[{"id":2015,"entry_id":1748,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1479,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Guido Giglioni","free_first_name":"Guido","free_last_name":"Giglioni","norm_person":{"id":1479,"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Giglioni","full_name":"Guido Giglioni","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1060847221","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/51822941","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Guido Giglioni"}}],"entry_title":"Phantasms of Reason and Shadows of Matter: Averroes\u2019s Notion of the Imagination and Its Renaissance Interpreters","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Phantasms of Reason and Shadows of Matter: Averroes\u2019s Notion of the Imagination and Its Renaissance Interpreters"},"abstract":"In Averroes\u2019s view of the cosmos, living beings discern, animals imagine, individual human beings cogitate, humankind as a whole thinks, and intellects intuit and understand themselves. In other words, natural operations in living organisms are capable of discriminating between the useful and the harmful, animal nature processes images (intentions is Averroes\u2019s term) from matter, individual men cogitate those images and the human intellect thinks insofar as it is considered a species, i.e., the human species. In this sense, the intellect of the human species thinks the sublunary world as one collective representation of the universe to be further abstracted and processed by higher levels of intellectual activity. A number of Renaissance philosophers, depending on how they interpreted the special relationship between intellects, the material intellect and bodily imaginations, elaborated a series of fascinating solutions in response to Averroes\u2019s challenging view. This chapter focuses on the notion of the imagination \u2013 and dream imagination in particular \u2013 and intends to demonstrate the important role played by this faculty in unravelling some of the most notorious puzzles of Averroes\u2019s philosophy. As will become clear over the course of this chapter, this role needs to be explored in all its various dimensions (metaphysical, epistemological, cosmological, medical and theologico-political).","btype":2,"date":"2013","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5240-5_9","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":5,"category_name":"Renaissance","link":"bib?categories[]=Renaissance"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"}],"authors":[{"id":1479,"full_name":"Guido Giglioni","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1748,"section_of":241,"pages":"173\u2013196","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":241,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2013","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2013","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":241,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Springer","series":"International Archives of the History of Ideas","volume":"211","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2013]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1751","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1751,"authors_free":[{"id":2018,"entry_id":1751,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":684,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Gregorio Piaia","free_first_name":"Gregorio","free_last_name":"Piaia","norm_person":{"id":684,"first_name":"Gregorio","last_name":"Piaia","full_name":"Gregorio Piaia","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1141240149","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/2485674","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Gregorio Piaia"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes and Arabic Philosophy in the Modern Historia Philosophica: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes and Arabic Philosophy in the Modern Historia Philosophica: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries"},"abstract":"Averroes\u2019s role as Aristotle\u2019s commentator par excellence guaranteed him widespread and certain fame up to the first decades of the seventeenth century; but the crisis of Peripateticism and the establishment of the new philosophy and new science also find an echo in the image of Averreoes and, more generally, in that of Arabic philosophy and science. Here we find Averroes taking on the role of a symbol of perverse intellectual activity (Malebranche), an unscrupulous thinker as regards religion, or even, at times, of an unbeliever (Bayle, Hume). The aim of this chapter is to illustrate the place given to Averroes and to Islamic thought in the historiography of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, when historia philosophica established itself as a literary genre in its own right. The inquiry starts with Georg Horn\u2019s Historia philosophica (1655), in which \u2018Arabic philosophy\u2019 is said to begin with the Biblical figure of Job and where the presentation of Averroes is particularly brief compared with the lengthy biographical treatment meted out to Avicenna. In effect, it is only with Johann Heinrich Hottinger\u2019s publication (1664) of the De scriptoribus Arabicis by Johannes Leo Africanus (\u1e24asan ibn Mu\u1e25ammad al-Wazz\u0101n) that European intellectuals became aware of some of the details of Averroes\u2019s life. Our inquiry moves on to look at such writers as Johannes Gerhard Vossius, Daniel Georg Morhof, Ren\u00e9 Rapin, Pierre de Villemandy, Laurent Bordelon, Dupont-Bertris, and Georg Volckmar Hartmann, and ends with a critical examination of Andr\u00e9-Fran\u00e7ois Boureau-Deslandes Histoire critique de la philosophie (1737). Boureau-Deslandes does not limit himself to quoting information and anecdotes, but in line with his \u2018critical\u2019 approach, also expresses some judgements on the historical, religious, and cultural context of science in Islam. The attitude of these writers towards \u2018Arabic\u2019 thought is ambivalent: their recognition of the cultural and philosophical splendour of the caliphate of Baghdad is in practice frequently accompanied by a criticism of the Arabic philosophers\u2019 excessive subtlety. In the case of Averroes their negative judgement also springs from the fact that he had no knowledge of Greek, which prevented him from reaching an adequate understanding of Aristotelian doctrine. We must note however \u2013 in the work of Dupont Bertris (1726), for example \u2013 attempts to bring Averroes to the fore as a rationalist philosopher, indifferent to all positive religion, all the while defending him from accusation of impiety. These are the first signs of a historiographical trend which\u2013 thanks above all to Renan\u2019s famous th\u00e8se \u2013 was later to lead to a philosophical reappraisal of Averroes, no longer viewed merely as the \u2018commentator\u2019 of Aristotle.","btype":2,"date":"2013","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5240-5_12","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":684,"full_name":"Gregorio Piaia","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1751,"section_of":241,"pages":"237\u2013254","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":241,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2013","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2013","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":241,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Springer","series":"International Archives of the History of Ideas","volume":"211","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2013]}