{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5546","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5546,"authors_free":[{"id":6441,"entry_id":5546,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Diane Collinson","free_first_name":"Diane","free_last_name":"Collinson","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Ibn Rushd (Averroes), 1126-1198 CE","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Ibn Rushd (Averroes), 1126-1198 CE"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2001","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":13,"category_name":"Biography","link":"bib?categories[]=Biography"},{"id":18,"category_name":"Surveys","link":"bib?categories[]=Surveys"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5546,"section_of":5545,"pages":"43-50","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5545,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"Fifty Eastern thinkers","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2001","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5545,"pubplace":"London ","publisher":"Routledge ","series":"Routledge Key Guides ","volume":"4","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6438,"entry_id":5545,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":" Diane Collinson","free_first_name":" Diane ","free_last_name":" Collinson","norm_person":null},{"id":6439,"entry_id":5545,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Kathryn Plant","free_first_name":"Kathryn ","free_last_name":"Plant","norm_person":null},{"id":6440,"entry_id":5545,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Robert Wilkinson","free_first_name":"Robert ","free_last_name":"Wilkinson","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Ibn Rushd (Averroes), 1126-1198 CE"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1781","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1781,"authors_free":[{"id":2054,"entry_id":1781,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":828,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Taneli Kukkonen","free_first_name":"Taneli","free_last_name":"Kukkonen","norm_person":{"id":828,"first_name":"Taneli","last_name":"Kukkonen","full_name":"Taneli Kukkonen","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1064756859","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/242146822498007382889","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Taneli Kukkonen"}}],"entry_title":"Ibn Rushd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Haf\u012bd (Averroes)","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Ibn Rushd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Haf\u012bd (Averroes)"},"abstract":"Averroes (1126\u20131198 CE) was the most famous and prolific commentator on Aristotle in all of medieval philosophy: 38 works are extant, at all levels of instruction. This concentration on Aristotle was not happenstance, instead, it reflects Averroes\u2019 maturing philosophical outlook. For Averroes, Aristotle\u2019s teaching came to represent the pinnacle of philosophical wisdom, and answers to all the most pressing problems in philosophy were to be found in a thorough and careful exploration of what that teaching truly implied. In the course of Averroes\u2019 deepening investigations into Aristotelian lore, alternative interpretations were advanced and different traditions of thinking carefully laid side by side, producing a field guide to the Peripatetic tradition, as it was known to an Arabic scholar of the classical period. The resulting body of texts represents a high watermark in Aristotelian synthesis and systematization, even if Averroes failed in the end to resolve satisfactorily all the problems that had accumulated over the centuries.\r\n\r\nIn addition to his Aristotelian Commentaries, Explications, and Compendia (which, besides Aristotle, encompassed works by Plato, Galen, Ptolemy, and al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b), Averroes wrote smaller, independent essays and questions that explored contested issues in Aristotelian teaching; polemical works that argued the religious innocence and intellectual respectability of Peripatetic philosophy, correctly understood; and medical and legal treatises of solid but unspectacular standing. Averroes\u2019 reputation was made in Latin Scholasticism and in Jewish circles of learning, while in the Arabic world his works fell mostly by the wayside. Today, his name is evoked in the Arabic world as a rallying-point for a rationalist Islam \u2013 a fitting legacy, if not always especially well grounded (modern-day Averroists displaying at best a cursory knowledge of the Commentator\u2019s philosophy).","btype":2,"date":"2011","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":13,"category_name":"Biography","link":"bib?categories[]=Biography"},{"id":18,"category_name":"Surveys","link":"bib?categories[]=Surveys"},{"id":27,"category_name":"Logic","link":"bib?categories[]=Logic"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":19,"category_name":"Cosmology","link":"bib?categories[]=Cosmology"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[{"id":828,"full_name":"Taneli Kukkonen","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1781,"section_of":247,"pages":"494\u2013501","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":247,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Philosophy between 500 and 1500","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2011","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2011","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":247,"pubplace":"Dordrecht","publisher":"Springer","series":null,"volume":null,"edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":376,"entry_id":247,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1317,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Henrik Lagerlund","free_first_name":"Henrik","free_last_name":"Lagerlund","norm_person":{"id":1317,"first_name":"Henrik","last_name":"Lagerlund","full_name":"Henrik Lagerlund","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/133619168","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/35317572","db_url":"https:\/\/www.deutsche-biographie.de\/pnd133619168.html","from_claudius":1}}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Ibn Rushd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Haf\u012bd (Averroes)"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"410","_score":null,"_source":{"id":410,"authors_free":[{"id":552,"entry_id":410,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":343,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Josep Puig Montada","free_first_name":"Josep","free_last_name":"Puig Montada","norm_person":{"id":343,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"Josep Puig Montada","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/188325034","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/61625512","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":0,"link":"bib?authors[]=Josep Puig Montada"}}],"entry_title":"Les stades de la philosophie naturelle d'Averro\u00e8s","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Les stades de la philosophie naturelle d'Averro\u00e8s"},"abstract":"The stages in the development of Averroes' philosophy can be better defined by the revisions Averroes himself made of his works than by the traditional order of his commentaries (short, middle, long); such revisions often take the form of glosses. In his initial stages Averroes' opinions are influenced by the interpretations of Alexander of Aphrodisias and Themistius as well as Avempace. In his final stages, he departs from them and moves closer to Aristotle's original thought. Averroes' reading of the beginning of Physics, Book VIII is an exception: there he agrees with Aristotle in the first stage and moves away from him in the final stage, because he came to believe that Aristotle's purpose in this part of the book was to prove the eternity of heavenly movement. The explanation for the different reading of the introduction to the short commentary can be found in the persecution Averroes and other philosophers suffered in 1197, after which Averroes no longer declared philosophy to be the way to attain human perfection, and he only wanted to illuminate Aristotle's philosophy.","btype":3,"date":"1997","language":"Spanish","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":13,"category_name":"Biography","link":"bib?categories[]=Biography"},{"id":15,"category_name":"Alexander of Aphrodisias","link":"bib?categories[]=Alexander of Aphrodisias"},{"id":16,"category_name":"Themistius","link":"bib?categories[]=Themistius"},{"id":17,"category_name":"Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a","link":"bib?categories[]=Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a"}],"authors":[{"id":343,"full_name":"Josep Puig Montada","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":410,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"7","issue":null,"pages":"115\u2013137"}},"sort":["Les stades de la philosophie naturelle d'Averro\u00e8s"]}

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{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"409","_score":null,"_source":{"id":409,"authors_free":[{"id":551,"entry_id":409,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":343,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Josep Puig Montada","free_first_name":"Josep","free_last_name":"Puig Montada","norm_person":{"id":343,"first_name":"Josep ","last_name":"Puig Montada","full_name":"Josep Puig Montada","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/188325034","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/61625512","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":0,"link":"bib?authors[]=Josep Puig Montada"}}],"entry_title":"Materials on Averroes's Circle","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Materials on Averroes's Circle"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1992","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/545824","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":13,"category_name":"Biography","link":"bib?categories[]=Biography"}],"authors":[{"id":343,"full_name":"Josep Puig Montada","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":409,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Journal of Near Eastern Studies","volume":"51","issue":"4","pages":"241\u2013260"}},"sort":["Materials on Averroes's Circle"]}