| Title | Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes’s Novel Placement of the Platonic City |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 19–39 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Galen, Aristotle, Plato, Politics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Alexander Orwin |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” goes far beyond merely commenting on the original. With the benefit of 1,500 years of hindsight, it reckons with important works of philosophy that would have been completely unknown to Plato. Averroes mentions three authors of such works by name: Galen, whom he mostly rebukes, Aristotle, and Alfarabi. It would be hasty to assert that by including such extraneous material, Averroes departs from Plato, but, at the very least, he updates him on account of historical developments. The importance of Averroes's post-Platonic additions is evident from the very structure of the work. The part of it that can plausibly claim to be a commentary on Plato does not begin until 27.24, almost seven pages into Rosenthal's Hebrew text. Averroes begins to address the subject of war, corresponding to Republic 374b, having skipped all of book 1 and the majority of book 2, with only two brief references to them in the opening section (CR 22.27–30, 23.31–33, cf. 47.29–30and 105.25–27). Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25–27, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: “Before we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning” (CR 22.6–8). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22–24.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. Averroes appears to substitute scientific arguments from Aristotle and Alfarabi—mainly about science, philosophy, courage, and war—for Plato's dialectical introduction about justice and the founding of the just city. |
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Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25\u201327, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: \u201cBefore we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning\u201d (CR 22.6\u20138). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22\u201324.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. 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| Title | Médecins et philosophes: Une histoire |
| Type | Edited Book |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2019 |
| Publication Place | Paris |
| Publisher | CNRS |
| Categories | Medicine, Plato, Aristotle, Galen, Renaissance |
| Author(s) | Claire Grignon , David Lefebvre |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Depuis la séparation entre médecine et philosophie traditionnellement attribuée à Hippocrate, les relations entre ces disciplines ont toujours été intenses et parfois conflictuelles. C’est une histoire de ces rapports que proposent les quinze études réunies dans cet ouvrage, en se centrant sur quelques figures ou moments déterminants: Platon, Aristote, Galien, les écoles empirique et méthodiste, al-Rāzī, Averroès, le XVIe siècle italien, Locke, Kant, Cabanis, les philosophes-médecins de la IIIe République, Canguilhem ou encore Jaspers. Si aujourd’hui la demande adressée à la philosophie par les médecins concerne principalement l’éthique, le dialogue entre les deux disciplines a porté historiquement d’abord sur le statut épistémologique de la médecine : le meilleur médecin est-il nécessairement philosophe ? Que peut apprendre la philosophie de la méthode du médecin ? La médecine est-elle un art du cas singulier, une science ou les deux ? En s’inscrivant dans le temps long, ces études rappellent que l’institutionnalisation actuelle de la philosophie de la médecine s’accompagne parfois d’un oubli des origines historiques de la réflexion sur la médecine. Le contact avec la médecine conduisant aussi la philosophie à se souvenir qu’elle se définit comme un genre de vie, c’est la question de l’amélioration du bien-être et de la santé des hommes qui se pose alors, dans un environnement que l’introduction de techniques thérapeutiques nouvelles modifie en permanence. |
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| Title | Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes’s Novel Placement of the Platonic City |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 19–39 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Galen, Aristotle, Plato, Politics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Alexander Orwin |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” goes far beyond merely commenting on the original. With the benefit of 1,500 years of hindsight, it reckons with important works of philosophy that would have been completely unknown to Plato. Averroes mentions three authors of such works by name: Galen, whom he mostly rebukes, Aristotle, and Alfarabi. It would be hasty to assert that by including such extraneous material, Averroes departs from Plato, but, at the very least, he updates him on account of historical developments. The importance of Averroes's post-Platonic additions is evident from the very structure of the work. The part of it that can plausibly claim to be a commentary on Plato does not begin until 27.24, almost seven pages into Rosenthal's Hebrew text. Averroes begins to address the subject of war, corresponding to Republic 374b, having skipped all of book 1 and the majority of book 2, with only two brief references to them in the opening section (CR 22.27–30, 23.31–33, cf. 47.29–30and 105.25–27). Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25–27, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: “Before we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning” (CR 22.6–8). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22–24.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. Averroes appears to substitute scientific arguments from Aristotle and Alfarabi—mainly about science, philosophy, courage, and war—for Plato's dialectical introduction about justice and the founding of the just city. |
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Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25\u201327, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: \u201cBefore we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning\u201d (CR 22.6\u20138). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22\u201324.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. 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| Title | Médecins et philosophes: Une histoire |
| Type | Edited Book |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2019 |
| Publication Place | Paris |
| Publisher | CNRS |
| Categories | Medicine, Plato, Aristotle, Galen, Renaissance |
| Author(s) | Claire Grignon , David Lefebvre |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Depuis la séparation entre médecine et philosophie traditionnellement attribuée à Hippocrate, les relations entre ces disciplines ont toujours été intenses et parfois conflictuelles. C’est une histoire de ces rapports que proposent les quinze études réunies dans cet ouvrage, en se centrant sur quelques figures ou moments déterminants: Platon, Aristote, Galien, les écoles empirique et méthodiste, al-Rāzī, Averroès, le XVIe siècle italien, Locke, Kant, Cabanis, les philosophes-médecins de la IIIe République, Canguilhem ou encore Jaspers. Si aujourd’hui la demande adressée à la philosophie par les médecins concerne principalement l’éthique, le dialogue entre les deux disciplines a porté historiquement d’abord sur le statut épistémologique de la médecine : le meilleur médecin est-il nécessairement philosophe ? Que peut apprendre la philosophie de la méthode du médecin ? La médecine est-elle un art du cas singulier, une science ou les deux ? En s’inscrivant dans le temps long, ces études rappellent que l’institutionnalisation actuelle de la philosophie de la médecine s’accompagne parfois d’un oubli des origines historiques de la réflexion sur la médecine. Le contact avec la médecine conduisant aussi la philosophie à se souvenir qu’elle se définit comme un genre de vie, c’est la question de l’amélioration du bien-être et de la santé des hommes qui se pose alors, dans un environnement que l’introduction de techniques thérapeutiques nouvelles modifie en permanence. |
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