| Title | Rereading Metaphysics Ε2-3: Aristotle's argument against determinism, and how Averroes twisted it in his Long Commentary |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | Arabic Sciences and Philosophy |
| Volume | 32 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 109–135 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, Commentary, Providence |
| Author(s) | Dustin Klinger |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In the fresh reading proposed here of the still not satisfactorily interpreted passages in Metaphysics Ε2-3, Aristotle emerges as making a case against determinism based on a robust notion of the accident. Accidental beings are uncaused causes and have their rightful place in Aristotle's ontology. The resulting physical indeterminism is here used as a litmus test for the exegetical practice of the great Commentator, Averroes, whose self-proclaimed, and later proverbial, loyalty to Aristotle's text will be shown to give way to idiosyncratic interpretations at times. His explanations of Metaphysics Ε2-3 are sparse and no less obscure than Aristotle's text. It is only when read together with his commentaries on the Physics, to which he explicitly refers twice in his Long commentary on Metaphysics Ε2-3, that a surprising picture emerges. Averroes recycles the notion of the accident, now reconceptualised in cosmological terms, and – putting it to the opposite use of Aristotle's – weaves it into an original theory of motion that integrates both supra- and sublunar realms into a deterministic framework of uninterrupted causal chains, thus safeguarding the principle of Divine providence. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5362","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5362,"authors_free":[{"id":6213,"entry_id":5362,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Dustin Klinger","free_first_name":"Dustin ","free_last_name":"Klinger","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Rereading Metaphysics \u03952-3: Aristotle's argument against determinism, and how Averroes twisted it in his Long Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Rereading Metaphysics \u03952-3: Aristotle's argument against determinism, and how Averroes twisted it in his Long Commentary"},"abstract":"In the fresh reading proposed here of the still not satisfactorily interpreted passages in Metaphysics \u03952-3, Aristotle emerges as making a case against determinism based on a robust notion of the accident. Accidental beings are uncaused causes and have their rightful place in Aristotle's ontology. The resulting physical indeterminism is here used as a litmus test for the exegetical practice of the great Commentator, Averroes, whose self-proclaimed, and later proverbial, loyalty to Aristotle's text will be shown to give way to idiosyncratic interpretations at times. His explanations of Metaphysics \u03952-3 are sparse and no less obscure than Aristotle's text. It is only when read together with his commentaries on the Physics, to which he explicitly refers twice in his Long commentary on Metaphysics \u03952-3, that a surprising picture emerges. Averroes recycles the notion of the accident, now reconceptualised in cosmological terms, and \u2013 putting it to the opposite use of Aristotle's \u2013 weaves it into an original theory of motion that integrates both supra- and sublunar realms into a deterministic framework of uninterrupted causal chains, thus safeguarding the principle of Divine providence.","btype":3,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0957423921000138","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":68,"category_name":"Providence","link":"bib?categories[]=Providence"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5362,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy ","volume":"32 ","issue":"1","pages":"109\u2013135 "}},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Gersonides as Commentator in the Light of his Supercommentary on Averroes's Epitome of the Physics |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | Revue des Études Juives |
| Volume | 181 |
| Issue | 1-2 |
| Pages | 185–222 |
| Categories | Tradition and Reception, Gersonides, Commentary, Method |
| Author(s) | Esti Eisenmann |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The article analyzes Gersonides (1288-1344) as a commentator, through the lens of his supercommentary on Averroes’s Epitome of Aristotle’s Physics. In the first section of the article, we question the assumption that this work is indeed a supercommentary and explain why it may nevertheless be included in the genre. In the second section, the article provides examples of Gersonides’ exegetical procedure. Given that the supercommentary on the Epitome of the Physics was the first supercommentary Gersonides wrote, the analysis of Gersonides’ methods sheds light on his image as an exegete and can help us determine his objective in commenting on this text and the readership he envisaged. He seems to be adressing readers who were taking their first steps in Aristotle’s works on nature and to have endeavored to guide them in this field. |
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| Title | Did Maimonides Recommend Reading Averroes’ Commentaries on Aristotle? |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Jewish Studies Quarterly |
| Volume | 28 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 159–190 |
| Categories | Maimonides, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Steven Harvey |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| An article published in 2016 by Doron Forte claimed that the universally cited version of the concluding bibliographical section of Maimonides' letter to the translator of the Guide of the Perplexed, Samuel Ibn Tibbon, is both late and corrupt (Jewish Studies Quarterly 23). This claim entails that Maimonides did not recommend Averroes' commentaries on Aristotle in the letter. The current paper argues against this claim. It comprises seven considerations: two philological (based on testimonia Forte chose to ignore), two terminological and three just common sense. I present these considerations as complementary, one supporting the other, that together make clear that the most-often cited version of the letter is very old, the most reliable and likely the most authentic version. In fact, current evidence now points to Ibn Tibbon as the translator of this version, which shows that Maimonides indeed recommended Averroes' commentaries in this letter. |
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| Title | La position de Zabarella vis-à-vis d’Averroès dans son Commentaire sur le De anima |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph |
| Volume | 68 |
| Pages | 105–135 |
| Categories | Renaissance, Tradition and Reception, Commentary, De anima |
| Author(s) | Jules Janssens |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Dans son commentaire sur le De anima d’Aristote Zabarella fait un usage non négligeable du Grand Commentaire sur le même ouvrage d’Averroès, le grand penseur andalou. On a pris l’habitude de considérer que Zabarella n’a pas pu finaliser son commentaire, étant donné qu’il fut publié à titre posthume. Il s’agirait donc d’un ouvrage incomplet. Toutefois, si on tient compte du fait que Zabarella s’intéresse avant tout, voire presque exclusivement, à l’étude de l’âme humaine, tout indique qu’il a consciemment choisi de ne pas commenter certains chapitres de l’ouvrage du Stagirite. Quant à l’impact d’Averroès sur la doctrine de l’âme exposée par Zabarella, elle a été diversement évaluée dans la recherche contemporaine, mais dans l’ensemble on y perçoit une attitude fortement critique du dernier envers le premier. Il est nécessaire de nuancer ce jugement. En effet, sur la base de trois fragments, répartis sur les trois livres, la présente recherche met en lumière qu’Averroès est considéré par Zabarella comme une vraie autorité, « auctoritas » ; que Zabarella souscrit parfois pleinement à l’interprétation du maître arabe ; et, enfin, que Zabarella explique certaines explications « erronées » de ce dernier comme l’effet inévitable de la traduction fautive du texte aristotélicien dont Averroès disposait. En somme, l’attitude de Zabarella vis-à-vis d’Averroès s’avère complexe, évitant aussi bien l’excès d’un rejet total que celui d’une acceptation aveugle. |
| Online Access | https://journals.usj.edu.lb/melanges/article/view/545 |
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| Title | Relation as Key to God’s Knowledge of Particulars in the Tahāfut al- tahāfut and the Damīma: A Cross-talk between Averroes, al-Ghazālī and Avicenna |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Arabic Sciences and Philosophy |
| Volume | 20 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 1–26 |
| Categories | Avicenna, al-Ġazālī, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Jean-Baptiste Brenet |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article deals with the divine knowledge of particulars in Averroes’ Tahāfut al-tahāfut and Ḍamīma. It examines how the concept of relation, generally neglected, is at the heart of the dispute between Avicenna, al-Ġazālī, and the Commentator. In al-Ġazālī’s eyes, Avicenna's misconception of divine knowledge “in a universal way” is based on a misuse of relation in the case of God's knowledge. If particulars change and God does not, his knowledge of particulars, insofar as it undergoes change, can be considered a pure relation without ontological consequences. Averroes contests both al-Ġazālī’s criticism and his proposal, despite the fact that, for different reasons involving the coming-to-be of human knowledge, he too employs the notion of pure relation in his Long Commentary on the Physics. |
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| Title | The Contention between Secular and Revealed Law: Analyzing Ibn Rushd’s Solution to the Problem of the “Virtuous Society” |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 43–65 |
| Categories | Politics, Law, Commentary, Plato |
| Author(s) | Jaan S. Islam |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article is an analysis of the political thought of Ibn Rushd and its significance for the current conflict in Islamic political thought between liberal, secular and conservative Islamist thinkers over the meaning of the “virtuous society” and how it can be implemented. It is argued that the thought of Ibn Rushd offers a concept of the virtuous society that reconciles secular law and religious Sharī‘a law. The article analyzes Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on Plato’s Republic, and assesses it as potentially being able to reconcile the philosophical conflict between logically discerned law and revealed law. It is contended that the separation between “religious” and “political” (i.e., philosophical) domains often attributed to Ibn Rushd does not fully consider the entirety of Ibn Rushd’s writings and interprets his works without regard for their historical and religious contextual significance. |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jims.4.1.02 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.2979/jims.4.1.02 |
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| Title | Averroes’ Rewrite of Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ: Establishing the Plain Meaning of the Text in the Middle Commentary |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Recherches de Théologie et Philosophie Médiévales |
| Volume | 86 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 259–281 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Yehuda Halper |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes’ Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ provides a rewrite of Aristotle’s text that was apparently intended to convey the plain meaning of the text to a general, though at least somewhat educated, audience. Such a commentary was necessary because ᾿Usṭāṯ’s ninth-century Arabic translation was insufficient in many respects for conveying Aristotle’s ideas into Arabic. Accordingly, Averroes’ Middle Commentary sought to rephrase and rewrite the text in such a way as to clarify the text, correct apparent errors in it, simplify the text, and add short explanations to it. This article offers a philological characterization of the Middle Commentary that should be an aid for reading the text and comparing it with other commentaries, especially Averroes’ Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5092","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5092,"authors_free":[{"id":5862,"entry_id":5092,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1500,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Yehuda Halper","free_first_name":"Yehuda","free_last_name":"Halper","norm_person":{"id":1500,"first_name":"Yehuda","last_name":"Halper","full_name":"Yehuda Halper","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/142969923","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/177995327","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Yehuda Halper"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes\u2019 Rewrite of Aristotle\u2019s Metaphysics \u0394: Establishing the Plain Meaning of the Text in the Middle Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes\u2019 Rewrite of Aristotle\u2019s Metaphysics \u0394: Establishing the Plain Meaning of the Text in the Middle Commentary"},"abstract":"Averroes\u2019 Middle Commentary on Aristotle\u2019s Metaphysics \u0394 provides a rewrite of Aristotle\u2019s text that was apparently intended to convey the plain meaning of the text to a general, though at least somewhat educated, audience. Such a commentary was necessary because \u1fbfUs\u1e6d\u0101\u1e6f\u2019s ninth-century Arabic translation was insufficient in many respects for conveying Aristotle\u2019s ideas into Arabic. Accordingly, Averroes\u2019 Middle Commentary sought to rephrase and rewrite the text in such a way as to clarify the text, correct apparent errors in it, simplify the text, and add short explanations to it. This article offers a philological characterization of the Middle Commentary that should be an aid for reading the text and comparing it with other commentaries, especially Averroes\u2019 Long Commentary on Aristotle\u2019s Metaphysics \u0394.","btype":3,"date":"2019","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.2143\/RTPM.86.2.3287113","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[{"id":1500,"full_name":"Yehuda Halper","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5092,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Recherches de Th\u00e9ologie et Philosophie M\u00e9di\u00e9vales","volume":"86","issue":"2","pages":"259\u2013281"}},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | Ibn Rushd and Aquinas on God’s Causal Omniscience |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | The Muslim World |
| Volume | 109 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 595–614 |
| Categories | Thomas, Metaphysics, Aristotle, Commentary, Theology |
| Author(s) | Stephen Ogden |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5100","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5100,"authors_free":[{"id":5874,"entry_id":5100,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1681,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Stephen Ogden","free_first_name":"Stephen","free_last_name":"Ogden","norm_person":{"id":1681,"first_name":"Stephen R. ","last_name":"Ogden","full_name":"Stephen R. Ogden","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Stephen R. Ogden"}}],"entry_title":"Ibn Rushd and Aquinas on God\u2019s Causal Omniscience","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Ibn Rushd and Aquinas on God\u2019s Causal Omniscience"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2019","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":" https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/muwo.12312","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":51,"category_name":"Thomas","link":"bib?categories[]=Thomas"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1681,"full_name":"Stephen R. Ogden","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5100,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"The Muslim World","volume":"109","issue":"4","pages":"595\u2013614"}},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | Les fragments arabes du Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à l’Éthique à Nicomaque |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Oriens |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue | 3-4 |
| Pages | 244–312 |
| Categories | Commentary, Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Ethics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes and the Philosophical Account of Prophecy |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2018 |
| Journal | Studia graeco-arabica |
| Volume | 8 |
| Pages | 287–304 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, Commentary, Natural Philosophy |
| Author(s) | Richard C. Taylor |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Prophecy is conspicuous by its complete absence from all three of the commentaries on De Anima by Averroes. However, prophecy and philosophical metaphysics are discussed by him in his Commentary on the Parva Naturalia, a work written before his methodological work on philosophy and religion, the Faṣl al-maqāl, generally held to have been written ca. 1179-1180. The analyses and remarks of Averroes presented in that Commentary have been characterized by Herbert Davidson as “extremely radical” to the extent that “The term prophet would, on this reading, mean nothing more than the human author of Scripture; and the term revelation would mean a high level of philosophical knowledge”. In the present article I discuss Averroes on method in matters of religion and philosophy as well as prophecy in philosophically argumentative works and in dialectical works, with particular consideration of the reasoning of his Commentary on the Parva Naturalia. I conclude that Averroes found in philosophy and its sciences the most complete and precise truth content and highest levels of knowledge and understanding and from them constructed his worldview, while he found prophecy and religion to be like an Aristotelian practical science in that they concern good and right conduct in the achievement of an end attained in action, not truths to be known for their own sake. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5167","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5167,"authors_free":[{"id":5951,"entry_id":5167,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":966,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Richard C. Taylor","free_first_name":"Richard C.","free_last_name":"Taylor","norm_person":{"id":966,"first_name":"Richard C.","last_name":"Taylor","full_name":"Richard C. Taylor","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/139866353","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/49247370","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Richard C. Taylor"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes and the Philosophical Account of Prophecy","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes and the Philosophical Account of Prophecy"},"abstract":"Prophecy is conspicuous by its complete absence from all three of the commentaries on De Anima by Averroes. However, prophecy and philosophical metaphysics are discussed by him in his Commentary on the Parva Naturalia, a work written before his methodological work on philosophy and religion, the Fa\u1e63l al-maq\u0101l, generally held to have been written ca. 1179-1180. The analyses and remarks of Averroes presented in that Commentary have been characterized by Herbert Davidson as \u201cextremely radical\u201d to the extent that \u201cThe term prophet would, on this reading, mean nothing more than the human author of Scripture; and the term revelation would mean a high level of philosophical knowledge\u201d. In the present article I discuss Averroes on method in matters of religion and philosophy as well as prophecy in philosophically argumentative works and in dialectical works, with particular consideration of the reasoning of his Commentary on the Parva Naturalia. I conclude that Averroes found in philosophy and its sciences the most complete and precise truth content and highest levels of knowledge and understanding and from them constructed his worldview, while he found prophecy and religion to be like an Aristotelian practical science in that they concern good and right conduct in the achievement of an end attained in action, not truths to be known for their own sake.","btype":3,"date":"2018","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":38,"category_name":"Natural Philosophy","link":"bib?categories[]=Natural Philosophy"}],"authors":[{"id":966,"full_name":"Richard C. Taylor","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5167,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Studia graeco-arabica","volume":"8","issue":"","pages":"287\u2013304"}},"sort":[2018]}
| Title | A 14th Century Kabbalist's Excerpt from the Lost Arabic Original of Averroes' Middle Commentary on the Physics |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 1985 |
| Journal | Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam |
| Volume | 6 |
| Pages | 219–227 |
| Categories | Physics, Commentary, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | Steven Harvey |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"688","_score":null,"_source":{"id":688,"authors_free":[{"id":843,"entry_id":688,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":642,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Steven Harvey","free_first_name":"Steven","free_last_name":"Harvey","norm_person":{"id":642,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Harvey","full_name":"Steven Harvey","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051482674","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/97890242","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Steven Harvey"}}],"entry_title":"A 14th Century Kabbalist's Excerpt from the Lost Arabic Original of Averroes' Middle Commentary on the Physics","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"A 14th Century Kabbalist's Excerpt from the Lost Arabic Original of Averroes' Middle Commentary on the Physics"},"abstract":null,"btype":3,"date":"1985","language":"English","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":37,"category_name":"Physics","link":"bib?categories[]=Physics"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"}],"authors":[{"id":642,"full_name":"Steven Harvey","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":688,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam","volume":"6","issue":null,"pages":"219\u2013227"}},"sort":["A 14th Century Kabbalist's Excerpt from the Lost Arabic Original of Averroes' Middle Commentary on the Physics"]}
| Title | A Hidden Source? Considerations on Averroes’ Recourse to Avicenna’s Madkhal of the Shifâ’ in the Middle Commentary on Porphyry’s Isagoge |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2018 |
| Journal | Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale |
| Volume | 29 |
| Pages | 125–136 |
| Categories | Avicenna, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Silvia Di Vincenzo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | A reference to al-Fârâbî’s Kitâb al-hurûf in Averroes’ critique of Avicenna (Tahâfut al-Tahâfut, 371,5-372,12 Bouyges) |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2014 |
| Journal | Studi Magrebini |
| Volume | 12-13 |
| Pages | 433-452 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Commentary, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Cecilia Martini Bonadeo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Al-Fārābī’s Book of Letters (Kitāb al-ḥurūf) and the analyses devoted in this text to the terminology of “being” are authoritative references for Averroes from the epitomes of his youth to his mature treatises. Also the Farabian doctrine of the conventionality of the natural language plays a role in Averroes’ thought. This paper discusses the Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, (pp.371,5-372.12 Bouyges), where Averroes has recourse to the Book of Letters in criticizing Avicenna’s distinction between essence and existence. Averroes explicitly mentions the title of the work and recalls a passage from the fifteenth chapter. This passage had already inspired him in the Epitome on Metaphysics, where Averroes did not mention explicitly his source, but followed in al-Fārābī’s footsteps as for the analysis of the uses of “being”. Averroes uses tacitly the same passage also in his Commentary on Metaphysics Delta 7. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5196","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5196,"authors_free":[{"id":5987,"entry_id":5196,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":831,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Cecilia Martini Bonadeo","free_first_name":"Cecilia","free_last_name":"Martini Bonadeo","norm_person":{"id":831,"first_name":"Cecilia","last_name":"Martini Bonadeo","full_name":"Cecilia Martini Bonadeo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1047649543","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/305196685","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Cecilia Martini Bonadeo"}}],"entry_title":"A reference to al-F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019s Kit\u00e2b al-hur\u00fbf in Averroes\u2019 critique of Avicenna (Tah\u00e2fut al-Tah\u00e2fut, 371,5-372,12 Bouyges)","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"A reference to al-F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019s Kit\u00e2b al-hur\u00fbf in Averroes\u2019 critique of Avicenna (Tah\u00e2fut al-Tah\u00e2fut, 371,5-372,12 Bouyges)"},"abstract":"Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b\u2019s Book of Letters (Kit\u0101b al-\u1e25ur\u016bf) and the analyses devoted in this text to the terminology of \u201cbeing\u201d are authoritative references for Averroes from the epitomes of his youth to his mature treatises. Also the Farabian doctrine of the conventionality of the natural language plays a role in Averroes\u2019 thought. This paper discusses the Tah\u0101fut al-Tah\u0101fut, (pp.371,5-372.12 Bouyges), where Averroes has recourse to the Book of Letters in criticizing Avicenna\u2019s distinction between essence and existence. Averroes explicitly mentions the title of the work and recalls a passage from the fifteenth chapter. This passage had already inspired him in the Epitome on Metaphysics, where Averroes did not mention explicitly his source, but followed in al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b\u2019s footsteps as for the analysis of the uses of \u201cbeing\u201d. Averroes uses tacitly the same passage also in his Commentary on Metaphysics Delta 7.","btype":3,"date":"2014","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[{"id":831,"full_name":"Cecilia Martini Bonadeo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5196,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Studi Magrebini","volume":"12-13 ","issue":"","pages":"433-452"}},"sort":["A reference to al-F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019s Kit\u00e2b al-hur\u00fbf in Averroes\u2019 critique of Avicenna (Tah\u00e2fut al-Tah\u00e2fut, 371,5-372,12 Bouyges)"]}
| Title | Abraham Bibago on Intellectual Conjunction and Human Happiness, Faith and Metaphysics according to a 15th century Jewish Averroist |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Quaestio |
| Volume | 15 |
| Pages | 309–318 |
| Categories | Averroism, Jewish Averroism, Commentary, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Yehuda Halper |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The 15th century Jewish Aragonian thinker, Abraham Bibago treats conjunction in his two main works, Derekh Emunah (“The Way of Faith”) and Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics. In the former, which explicitly interprets Biblical and Talmudic stories along philosophical lines, Bibago promotes a neo-Platonic intellectual emanation schema and boldly asserts that human happiness is attained through conjunction with higher intellects. In the Commentary, which primarily treats Aristotle’s Metaphysics and Averroes’ commentaries on it, Bibago gives an account of conjunction that does not necessarily fit with the intellectual conjunction of Derekh Emunah. Indeed, his remarks in the Commentary are much less decisive about human happiness, suggesting that Bibago qua philosopher is more open minded about the summum bonum than he is qua religious thinker. |
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| Title | Arabic-Latin Reception of Aristotle’s Physica and Averroes’ Commentarium magnum. Two Versions in a Manuscript from Toledo |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Journal | Oriens |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 149–167 |
| Categories | Physics, Commentary, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Horst Schmieja |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Sixty-two thirteenth and fourteenth-century Latin manuscripts of Averroes’ commentary of Aristotle’s Physics are currently known. Many of these manuscripts have a substantial gap in Book 8, stretching from about the middle of commentary 76 to the end of commentary 79. The Cathedral Library of Toledo holds a thirteenth-century manuscript which not only contains Book 8 in its entirety, but also two different Arabic-Latin translations of significant parts of textus and commentum 76. Analysis of these two versions allows important insights into the translator’s work. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1697","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1697,"authors_free":[{"id":1960,"entry_id":1697,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":917,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Horst Schmieja","free_first_name":"Horst","free_last_name":"Schmieja","norm_person":{"id":917,"first_name":"Horst","last_name":"Schmieja","full_name":"Horst Schmieja","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/109279034","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/71959432","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Horst Schmieja"}}],"entry_title":"Arabic-Latin Reception of Aristotle\u2019s Physica and Averroes\u2019 Commentarium magnum. Two Versions in a Manuscript from Toledo","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Arabic-Latin Reception of Aristotle\u2019s Physica and Averroes\u2019 Commentarium magnum. Two Versions in a Manuscript from Toledo"},"abstract":"Sixty-two thirteenth and fourteenth-century Latin manuscripts of Averroes\u2019 commentary of Aristotle\u2019s Physics are currently known. Many of these manuscripts have a substantial gap in Book 8, stretching from about the middle of commentary 76 to the end of commentary 79. The Cathedral Library of Toledo holds a thirteenth-century manuscript which not only contains Book 8 in its entirety, but also two different Arabic-Latin translations of significant parts of textus and commentum 76. Analysis of these two versions allows important insights into the translator\u2019s work.","btype":3,"date":"2012","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":" https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/187783712X634698","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":37,"category_name":"Physics","link":"bib?categories[]=Physics"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":917,"full_name":"Horst Schmieja","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":1697,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Oriens","volume":"40","issue":"1","pages":"149\u2013167"}},"sort":["Arabic-Latin Reception of Aristotle\u2019s Physica and Averroes\u2019 Commentarium magnum. Two Versions in a Manuscript from Toledo"]}
| Title | Averroes and the Philosophical Account of Prophecy |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2018 |
| Journal | Studia graeco-arabica |
| Volume | 8 |
| Pages | 287–304 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, Commentary, Natural Philosophy |
| Author(s) | Richard C. Taylor |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Prophecy is conspicuous by its complete absence from all three of the commentaries on De Anima by Averroes. However, prophecy and philosophical metaphysics are discussed by him in his Commentary on the Parva Naturalia, a work written before his methodological work on philosophy and religion, the Faṣl al-maqāl, generally held to have been written ca. 1179-1180. The analyses and remarks of Averroes presented in that Commentary have been characterized by Herbert Davidson as “extremely radical” to the extent that “The term prophet would, on this reading, mean nothing more than the human author of Scripture; and the term revelation would mean a high level of philosophical knowledge”. In the present article I discuss Averroes on method in matters of religion and philosophy as well as prophecy in philosophically argumentative works and in dialectical works, with particular consideration of the reasoning of his Commentary on the Parva Naturalia. I conclude that Averroes found in philosophy and its sciences the most complete and precise truth content and highest levels of knowledge and understanding and from them constructed his worldview, while he found prophecy and religion to be like an Aristotelian practical science in that they concern good and right conduct in the achievement of an end attained in action, not truths to be known for their own sake. |
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| Title | Averroes' Middle Commentary on Book I of the Nicomachean Ethics |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2014 |
| Journal | Oriens |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue | 1-2 |
| Pages | 254-287 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Steven Harvey , Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The conventional view of the previous century that Averroes’ middle commentaries (talāḫīṣ) on Aristotle are all of the same form and style is no longer tenable. A full and accurate account of the similarities and differences among Averroes’ talāḫīṣ on Aristotle must consider all of them. Perhaps the least studied and least known of these middle commentaries is the one on the Nicomachean Ethics, a text which is extant today only in a critically edited medieval Hebrew translation and an as yet unedited medieval Latin translation. The two authors of the present article have each studied chapters of this commentary independently of each other and have reached different conclusions concerning its value. In this article they present a careful examination of the first book of Averroes’ commentary via its Hebrew translation and Latin translation (primarily through the two oldest and most reliable manuscripts of it) in comparison with the medieval Arabic translation of the Nicomachean Ethics that was used by Averroes (and in light of Aristotle’s Greek text). This study shows an Averroean middle commentary that is not very original and not particularly helpful, especially, for example, when compared to the quite different middle commentaries on Aristotle’s books on natural science. Indeed, he often seems to do little more than copy—not even paraphrase—the Arabic translation. On the other hand, Averroes does not hesitate to insert words as he copies in order to make the text clearer and easier to understand. Where lengthier explanations are needed, they too are attempted, at times in response to problematic translations in the Arabic text before him. |
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| Title | Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Quaestio |
| Volume | 15 |
| Pages | 287–296 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Poetics, Commentary, Logic, Politics |
| Author(s) | Francesca Forte |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The theme of the pleasure of knowledge is central in Averroes’ aesthetical reflection of Aristotle’s Poetics, regardless whether we side with the logical or with the moral interpretation. The first one stresses the continuity between Averroes and previous commentators in his attempt to reconstruct the Poetics as an integral part of the Logic itself, whereby poetic discourse is conceived as a form of reasoning based on syllogisms. According to the latter perspective, however, pleasure is central in that poetry is a tool towards the pursuit of happiness: in this perspective it is necessary to bear in mind some common themes present in other works by Averroes (particularly in the commentaries on the Aristotelian Organon – and especially the commentary on the Rhetoric –, in the commentaries on Plato’s Republic, and, last but not least, in the Decisive Treatise). The pleasure of contemplative knowledge must go hand in hand with the pursuit of communal happiness and therefore with the good and proper order of community and society. Poetry represents a central tool towards this aim in that it expresses moral truths which cannot not be communicated (to everybody) by means of logic and philosophy alone. |
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| Title | Averroes’ Rewrite of Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ: Establishing the Plain Meaning of the Text in the Middle Commentary |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Recherches de Théologie et Philosophie Médiévales |
| Volume | 86 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 259–281 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Yehuda Halper |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes’ Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ provides a rewrite of Aristotle’s text that was apparently intended to convey the plain meaning of the text to a general, though at least somewhat educated, audience. Such a commentary was necessary because ᾿Usṭāṯ’s ninth-century Arabic translation was insufficient in many respects for conveying Aristotle’s ideas into Arabic. Accordingly, Averroes’ Middle Commentary sought to rephrase and rewrite the text in such a way as to clarify the text, correct apparent errors in it, simplify the text, and add short explanations to it. This article offers a philological characterization of the Middle Commentary that should be an aid for reading the text and comparing it with other commentaries, especially Averroes’ Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ. |
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| Title | Averroismi al plurale. La ricezione del Tafsîr kitâb al-nafs di Ibn Rushd nel Commento alle Sentenze di Tommaso d’Aquino |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2017 |
| Journal | Dianoia |
| Volume | 24 |
| Pages | 15-32 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, De anima, Averroism, Siger of Brabant, Thomas |
| Author(s) | Federico Minzoni |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| A widespread historiographic commonplace, established by Thomas Aquinas himself in his Tractatus de unitate intellectus (1270), takes Siger of Brabant’s Quaestiones in tertium de anima (ca. 1265) to be a latin formulation of Ibn Rušd’s theory of the unity of the material intellect as exposed in the Tafsīr Kitāb al-Nafs (Long Commentary on the De anima, ca. 1186); according to the same view, Aquinas’ philosophy of mind would be the expression of a strongly antiaverroistic – and therefore more orthodox – kind of aristotelianism. Building on a thorough analysis of key texts in Aquinas’ Commentary on the Sentences (1255), I argue in this paper that those who hold Aquinas’ noetic to be anti-averroistic are greatly mistaken: while Siger’s always superficial rushdian inspiration is better understood against the background of a neoplatonic-tinged mind-body dualism clearly at odds with Ibn Rušd’s own strictly peripatetic ontology, Aquinas’ psychology, hylomorfic and not-dualist at its core, is aristotelian mainly inasmuch as it is rushdian. |
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