En su comentario a la Ética a Nicómaco, Averroes se ocupó del pasaje donde Aristóteles distingue entre las cosas que son justas por naturaleza y aquéllas que lo son en virtud de la ley (V, 7 1134b18-1135a5). Su comentario es particularmente breve, pero plantea algunas dificultades importantes, como su alusión a un derecho naturale legale, que, según Leo Strauss, vendría a ser simplemente un derecho positivo de aceptación general. En este artículo se busca caracterizar lo justo natural y lo justo positivo en el comentario de Averroes y mostrar el alcance de la variación de los criterios propios de la justicia positiva. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5244","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5244,"authors_free":[{"id":6053,"entry_id":5244,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Joaqu\u00edn Garc\u00eda-Huidobro","free_first_name":"Joaqu\u00edn","free_last_name":"Garc\u00eda-Huidobro","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Averroes y las cosas justas per naturaleza","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes y las cosas justas per naturaleza"},"abstract":"En su comentario a la \u00c9tica a Nic\u00f3maco, Averroes se ocup\u00f3 del pasaje donde Arist\u00f3teles distingue entre las cosas que son justas por naturaleza y aqu\u00e9llas que lo son en virtud de la ley (V, 7 1134b18-1135a5). Su comentario es particularmente breve, pero plantea algunas dificultades importantes, como su alusi\u00f3n a un derecho naturale legale, que, seg\u00fan Leo Strauss, vendr\u00eda a ser simplemente un derecho positivo de aceptaci\u00f3n general. En este art\u00edculo se busca caracterizar lo justo natural y lo justo positivo en el comentario de Averroes y mostrar el alcance de la variaci\u00f3n de los criterios propios de la justicia positiva. ","btype":3,"date":"2015","language":"Spanish","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5209\/rev_ASHF.2015.v32.n2.49970 ","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5244,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Anales del seminario de historia de la filosof\u00eda","volume":"32","issue":"2","pages":"393\u2013413"}},"sort":[2015]}
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5290","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5290,"authors_free":[{"id":6109,"entry_id":5290,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Shawn Welnak","free_first_name":"Shawn","free_last_name":"Welnak","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"The Discoverer of Being: Law or Philosophy?","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Discoverer of Being: Law or Philosophy?"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2014","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":65,"category_name":"Ontology","link":"bib?categories[]=Ontology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5290,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Revue acad\u00e9mique Les Cahiers de l\u2019Islam","volume":"1","issue":"","pages":"65\u201388"}},"sort":[2014]}
Title | La pensée libre d'Averroès |
Type | Article |
Language | French |
Date | 2013 |
Journal | Analecta Husserliana |
Volume | 114 |
Pages | 371-382 |
Categories | Law, Theology |
Author(s) | Angèle Kremer Marietti |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
With “La pensée libre d’Averroès”, I wished to join the important themes of Philosophy and Religion as they are joined in Averroès’ thought, against the most conservative elements within Muslim societies, which disliked what appeared to be non-Muslim influences. Ibn Rushd (Averroès) wanted to encourage the study of philosophy, because he was sensitive to the increasing tensions that led to his banishment. Though written before his exile his DECISIVE TREATISE provides a defence for philosophers charged with unbelief. Therefore I took an interest in four approaches to Ibn Rusch’s free thought. The first one was the distinction and relation between revelation and philosophy. Ibn Rushd’s Decisive Treatise begins with the contention that Law commands the study of philosophy. Ibn Rushd based on some Quranic verses, such as “Reflect, you have a vision” (59.2) and “they give thought to the creation of heaven and earth” (3:191), that command human intellectual reflection upon God and his creation. Such obligation exists in religion, then a person who has the capacity of “natural intelligence” and “religious integrity” must begin to study philosophy. Averroès thought that philosophy could enlighten revelation, when this last might be difficult to be understood for human minds. The second point I treat is Averroès’s thought that written Law (scripture, in e. Qur’an) and spoken law could be complementary each other. The Law speaks of three ways for humans to discover truth and interpret scripture: the demonstrative, the dialectical and the rhetorical. Therefore there are philosophers, theologians and the common masses. Ibn Rushd thought that demonstrative truth cannot conflict with scripture, because God gave various meanings and interpretations. Besides, the early Muslim community affirmed that scripture had both an apparent meaning and an inner meaning. Also, if it occurs that there is no consensus about a particular passage, its meaning is free for interpretation. My third point concerns the precise analysis of what is letter and what is spirit or “sense” -as the contemporary philosophers ans phenomenologues think now- on the real meaning of this letter: the sense or the way that the letter must be understood. Finally may be joined the way of right thinking, or what could be the special form of procedure with its results. In the fourth point, I refer to another treatise, on the doctrine of God known as the EXPOSITION OF THE METHODS OF PROOF CONCERNING THE BELIEFS OF THE COMMUNITY. Ibn Rushd then wanted to examine the religious doctrines that are held by the public and to determine if any of the many doctrines expounded by the different sects were the intention of the “lawgiver”. Meanwhile, he identified sects that have distorted the scriptures and developed innovative doctrines not compatible with Islam. Some arguments are examined: the first is the argument of Providence, in which one can observe that everything in the universe serves the purpose of humanity. The second is the argument of invention of plants and animals. Then he tried to explain the nature and attributes of God. |
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Title | Averroès à propos de la définition de l'acte légal: le miracle comme levier d'adhésion à la Loi |
Type | Article |
Language | French |
Date | 2012 |
Journal | Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph |
Volume | 64 |
Pages | 239-259 |
Categories | Law |
Author(s) | Ziad Bou Akl |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | Les lois religieuses (al-sharāʾiʿ) dans l'économie du savoir selon Ibn Rušd |
Type | Article |
Language | French |
Date | 2008 |
Journal | Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph |
Volume | 61 |
Pages | 581–587 |
Categories | Law |
Author(s) | Abdelali Elamrani-Jamal |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | A Muslim Perspective on Philosophy and Religion: The ‘Decisive Treatise’ of Averroes |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2007 |
Journal | Peripatetikos |
Volume | 6 |
Pages | 1-25 |
Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Law, Theology |
Author(s) | Thérèse Bonin |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | Why Did the Scholars of al-Andalus Distrust al-Ghazālī?. Ibn Rushd al-Jadd's Fatwā on Awliyā' Allāh |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2006 |
Journal | Der Islam |
Volume | 83 |
Pages | 137–156 |
Categories | Theology, Law |
Author(s) | Delfina Serrano Ruano , Delfina Serrano Ruano |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | Philosophy before the Law. Averroës's Decisive Treatise |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2006 |
Journal | Critical Inquiry |
Volume | 32 |
Issue | 3 |
Pages | 412–442 |
Categories | Theology, Law, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
Author(s) | Daniel Heller-Roazen |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/41959085 |
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Title | On Natural Right and Other Unwritten Guides to Political Well-Being |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2006 |
Journal | The Good Society |
Volume | 15 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 53-55 |
Categories | Law, Politics |
Author(s) | Charles E. Butterworth |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/25702820 |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5759","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5759,"authors_free":[{"id":6668,"entry_id":5759,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":123,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Charles E. Butterworth","free_first_name":"Charles E. ","free_last_name":"Butterworth","norm_person":{"id":123,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"Charles E. Butterworth","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/105338856X","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/41853950","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":0,"link":"bib?authors[]=Charles E. Butterworth"}}],"entry_title":"On Natural Right and Other Unwritten Guides to Political Well-Being","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"On Natural Right and Other Unwritten Guides to Political Well-Being"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2006","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25702820","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"}],"authors":[{"id":123,"full_name":"Charles E. Butterworth","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5759,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"The Good Society","volume":"15","issue":"2","pages":"53-55"}},"sort":[2006]}
Title | Il Kašf ʿan manāhiğ di Averroè. Confronto fra la versione di Abraham De Balmes e le citazioni di Calo Calonimo nel De mundi creatione |
Type | Article |
Language | Italian |
Date | 2004 |
Journal | Materia Giudaica |
Volume | 9 |
Issue | 1–2 |
Pages | 241–248 |
Categories | Law, Theology |
Author(s) | Silvia Di Donato |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1374","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1374,"authors_free":[{"id":1566,"entry_id":1374,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1025,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Silvia Di Donato","free_first_name":"Silvia","free_last_name":"Di Donato","norm_person":{"id":1025,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Di Donato","full_name":"Silvia Di Donato","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1034945653","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/171527049","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Silvia Di Donato"}}],"entry_title":"Il Ka\u0161f \u02bfan man\u0101hi\u011f di Averro\u00e8. Confronto fra la versione di Abraham De Balmes e le citazioni di Calo Calonimo nel De mundi creatione","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Il Ka\u0161f \u02bfan man\u0101hi\u011f di Averro\u00e8. Confronto fra la versione di Abraham De Balmes e le citazioni di Calo Calonimo nel De mundi creatione"},"abstract":null,"btype":3,"date":"2004","language":"Italian","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1025,"full_name":"Silvia Di Donato","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":1374,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Materia Giudaica","volume":"9","issue":"1\u20132","pages":"241\u2013248"}},"sort":[2004]}
Title | Ibn Rushd’s Legal Hermeneutics and Moral Theory for a “Living Sharīʿa”. An Alternative Approach to Islamic Law in Ibn Rushd’s Bidāyat al-Mujtahid |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2019 |
Journal | Oxford Journal of Law and Religion |
Volume | 8 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 174–205 |
Categories | Law |
Author(s) | Serdar Kurnaz |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
According to the Sunnī legal tradition, legal norms should be derived from the authoritative texts of the Qurʾān and Sunna. However, how exactly to derive such norms remains unclear, when no reference can be found to the matter at hand within these sources. The use of maqāṣid at this point might be a viable solution. Little attention, however, is paid to alternative approaches like the one of Ibn Rushd al-Ḥafīd (d 595/1198), which is based on philosophical ethics. Ibn Rushd derives ‘legal precepts’ through analysing the most prominent legal verdicts of Islamic law that were passed by various madhhab. These precepts not only enabled scholars to resolve new legal problems by using ijtihād, they also shed new light on existing legal challenges. This article will analyse Ibn Rushd’s legal hermeneutics in his Bidāyat al-mujtahid by looking at the passages concerning sales of ritually pure (ṭāhir) goods and interest (ribā). |
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Title | Il Kašf ʿan manāhiğ di Averroè. Confronto fra la versione di Abraham De Balmes e le citazioni di Calo Calonimo nel De mundi creatione |
Type | Article |
Language | Italian |
Date | 2004 |
Journal | Materia Giudaica |
Volume | 9 |
Issue | 1–2 |
Pages | 241–248 |
Categories | Law, Theology |
Author(s) | Silvia Di Donato |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | La pensée libre d'Averroès |
Type | Article |
Language | French |
Date | 2013 |
Journal | Analecta Husserliana |
Volume | 114 |
Pages | 371-382 |
Categories | Law, Theology |
Author(s) | Angèle Kremer Marietti |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
With “La pensée libre d’Averroès”, I wished to join the important themes of Philosophy and Religion as they are joined in Averroès’ thought, against the most conservative elements within Muslim societies, which disliked what appeared to be non-Muslim influences. Ibn Rushd (Averroès) wanted to encourage the study of philosophy, because he was sensitive to the increasing tensions that led to his banishment. Though written before his exile his DECISIVE TREATISE provides a defence for philosophers charged with unbelief. Therefore I took an interest in four approaches to Ibn Rusch’s free thought. The first one was the distinction and relation between revelation and philosophy. Ibn Rushd’s Decisive Treatise begins with the contention that Law commands the study of philosophy. Ibn Rushd based on some Quranic verses, such as “Reflect, you have a vision” (59.2) and “they give thought to the creation of heaven and earth” (3:191), that command human intellectual reflection upon God and his creation. Such obligation exists in religion, then a person who has the capacity of “natural intelligence” and “religious integrity” must begin to study philosophy. Averroès thought that philosophy could enlighten revelation, when this last might be difficult to be understood for human minds. The second point I treat is Averroès’s thought that written Law (scripture, in e. Qur’an) and spoken law could be complementary each other. The Law speaks of three ways for humans to discover truth and interpret scripture: the demonstrative, the dialectical and the rhetorical. Therefore there are philosophers, theologians and the common masses. Ibn Rushd thought that demonstrative truth cannot conflict with scripture, because God gave various meanings and interpretations. Besides, the early Muslim community affirmed that scripture had both an apparent meaning and an inner meaning. Also, if it occurs that there is no consensus about a particular passage, its meaning is free for interpretation. My third point concerns the precise analysis of what is letter and what is spirit or “sense” -as the contemporary philosophers ans phenomenologues think now- on the real meaning of this letter: the sense or the way that the letter must be understood. Finally may be joined the way of right thinking, or what could be the special form of procedure with its results. In the fourth point, I refer to another treatise, on the doctrine of God known as the EXPOSITION OF THE METHODS OF PROOF CONCERNING THE BELIEFS OF THE COMMUNITY. Ibn Rushd then wanted to examine the religious doctrines that are held by the public and to determine if any of the many doctrines expounded by the different sects were the intention of the “lawgiver”. Meanwhile, he identified sects that have distorted the scriptures and developed innovative doctrines not compatible with Islam. Some arguments are examined: the first is the argument of Providence, in which one can observe that everything in the universe serves the purpose of humanity. The second is the argument of invention of plants and animals. Then he tried to explain the nature and attributes of God. |
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Title | La philosophie comme pratique: erreur et droit à l’erreur dans la pensée d’Averroès |
Type | Article |
Language | French |
Date | 2016 |
Journal | Les Études Philosophiques |
Volume | 117 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 269–282 |
Categories | al-Ġazālī, Law |
Author(s) | Ziad Bou Akl |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
Responding to the accusations of the Ašʿarite theologian al-Ġazālī, in his Decisive Treatise Averroes champions the practice of philosophy, using legal and scriptural arguments. In this article, I wish to place these arguments within the context of legal theory, a discipline to which Averroes devoted one of his earliest treatises, the Abridgment of al-Mustaṣfā . A comparison of these two texts allows us to identify the origin of some arguments of the Decisive Treatise, concerning the taxonomy of errors and the social organization of knowledge. My aim is to set Averroes’ reflection within a continuity of the Islamic meta-legal tradition that provided him with the necessary tools for his conceptualization of the philosopher’s place within society. |
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Title | Les lois religieuses (al-sharāʾiʿ) dans l'économie du savoir selon Ibn Rušd |
Type | Article |
Language | French |
Date | 2008 |
Journal | Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph |
Volume | 61 |
Pages | 581–587 |
Categories | Law |
Author(s) | Abdelali Elamrani-Jamal |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | On Natural Right and Other Unwritten Guides to Political Well-Being |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2006 |
Journal | The Good Society |
Volume | 15 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 53-55 |
Categories | Law, Politics |
Author(s) | Charles E. Butterworth |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/25702820 |
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Title | Philosophy before the Law. Averroës's Decisive Treatise |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2006 |
Journal | Critical Inquiry |
Volume | 32 |
Issue | 3 |
Pages | 412–442 |
Categories | Theology, Law, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
Author(s) | Daniel Heller-Roazen |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/41959085 |
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Title | The Contention between Secular and Revealed Law: Analyzing Ibn Rushd’s Solution to the Problem of the “Virtuous Society” |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2019 |
Journal | Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies |
Volume | 4 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 43–65 |
Categories | Politics, Law, Commentary, Plato |
Author(s) | Jaan S. Islam |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
This article is an analysis of the political thought of Ibn Rushd and its significance for the current conflict in Islamic political thought between liberal, secular and conservative Islamist thinkers over the meaning of the “virtuous society” and how it can be implemented. It is argued that the thought of Ibn Rushd offers a concept of the virtuous society that reconciles secular law and religious Sharī‘a law. The article analyzes Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on Plato’s Republic, and assesses it as potentially being able to reconcile the philosophical conflict between logically discerned law and revealed law. It is contended that the separation between “religious” and “political” (i.e., philosophical) domains often attributed to Ibn Rushd does not fully consider the entirety of Ibn Rushd’s writings and interprets his works without regard for their historical and religious contextual significance. |
Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jims.4.1.02 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.2979/jims.4.1.02 |
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