A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century, 2015
By: Ali Ghorbani, Fath ali Akbari
Title A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century
Type Article
Language Persian
Date 2015
Journal Comparative Theology
Volume 5
Issue 12
Pages 69-84
Categories Epistemology, Averroism, Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Ali Ghorbani , Fath ali Akbari
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Faṣl al-maqāl, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy.

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Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes, 2015
By: Davoud Zandi
Title Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2015
Journal International Journal of Islamic Thought
Volume 8
Pages 13-16
Categories Intellect, Psychology, Aristotle
Author(s) Davoud Zandi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect from Averroes’ perspective is an important and yet complicated part of his philosophy. His views on these issues are ambiguous since they are derived from the Aristotle’s theories which seem obscure in this regard. The aim of the present study is to discover Averroes’ final theory on the relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect and their connection to human soul. Reviewing various theories of Averroes on this issue, this study shows that despite ambiguity in his explanations, his final theory is that he believes these two intellects exist apart from human soul. Considering the relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect, he believes that in some aspects both of them are the same, yet they are different in some other aspects that is, regarding their acts, they are different because the active intellect acts as a creator of forms while the material intellect is just a receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material intellect achieves perfection through the active intellect

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Critical approach of Averroes about the use of reason and its Presence in the western philosophical thinking, 2014
By: Sajjad Yousefi
Title Critical approach of Averroes about the use of reason and its Presence in the western philosophical thinking
Type Article
Language English
Date 2014
Journal Philosophical Investigations
Volume 8
Issue 15
Pages 167-181
Categories Influence
Author(s) Sajjad Yousefi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes’ Rationalism is one of the influential components of the Western philosophy. One of the central aspects of his rationalism is his criticism of the limits of using the reason. This study has been reviewed the deep of this criticism and its presence in the philosophical thought of the West. The research method, on the one hand, is analyzing the content and the genealogy of the issue on the other hand. Here I try to clarify the Islamic and Western philosophy relationship in this case, and the interactions between both approaches

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Ibn Rushd on reconciliation: between philosophy and religion, 2006
By: Khawaja Muhammad Saeed
Title Ibn Rushd on reconciliation: between philosophy and religion
Type Article
Language English
Date 2006
Journal Aligarh journal of Islamic philosophy
Volume 12
Pages 13-30
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology
Author(s) Khawaja Muhammad Saeed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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アヴェロエス研究 --- トマスのアヴェロエス派反論に反論して-A-, 1977
By: D'alverny, Marie
Title アヴェロエス研究 --- トマスのアヴェロエス派反論に反論して-A-
Translation Averroes Research: Refutation of Thomas' critique of Averroism A
Type Article
Language Japanese
Date 1977
Journal Kinki Daigaku Kyōyōbu Kenkyū Kiyō
Volume 9
Issue 2
Pages 1-14
Categories Aquinas, Thomas, Averroism, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) D'alverny, Marie
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5424","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5424,"authors_free":[{"id":6403,"entry_id":5424,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"D'alverny, Marie","free_first_name":"","free_last_name":"","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"\u30a2\u30f4\u30a7\u30ed\u30a8\u30b9\u7814\u7a76 --- \u30c8\u30de\u30b9\u306e\u30a2\u30f4\u30a7\u30ed\u30a8\u30b9\u6d3e\u53cd\u8ad6\u306b\u53cd\u8ad6\u3057\u3066-A-","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"Averroes Research: Refutation of Thomas' critique of Averroism A","main_title":{"title":"\u30a2\u30f4\u30a7\u30ed\u30a8\u30b9\u7814\u7a76 --- \u30c8\u30de\u30b9\u306e\u30a2\u30f4\u30a7\u30ed\u30a8\u30b9\u6d3e\u53cd\u8ad6\u306b\u53cd\u8ad6\u3057\u3066-A-"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1977","language":"Japanese","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":2,"category_name":"Aquinas","link":"bib?categories[]=Aquinas"},{"id":51,"category_name":"Thomas","link":"bib?categories[]=Thomas"},{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5424,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Kinki Daigaku Ky\u014dy\u014dbu Kenky\u016b Kiy\u014d","volume":"9","issue":"2","pages":"1-14"}},"sort":[1977]}

Some Attacks on Causality prior to Hume, 1966
By: William H. D. Neill
Title Some Attacks on Causality prior to Hume
Type Article
Language English
Date 1966
Journal Vivarium
Volume 4
Pages 58-65
Categories al-Ġazālī, Metaphysics
Author(s) William H. D. Neill
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued), 1963
By: J. B. Fischer
Title The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued)
Type Article
Language English
Date 1963
Journal The Jewish Quarterly Review
Volume 54
Issue 2
Pages 132-160
Categories Aristotle, Poetics, Transmission
Author(s) J. B. Fischer
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar: I, 1962
By: J. B. Fischer
Title The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar: I
Type Article
Language English
Date 1962
Journal The Jewish Quarterly Review
Volume 53
Issue 1
Pages 1-21
Categories Poetics, Rhetoric, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) J. B. Fischer
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5673","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5673,"authors_free":[{"id":6577,"entry_id":5673,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"J. B. Fischer","free_first_name":"J. B. ","free_last_name":"Fischer","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar: I","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar: I"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1962","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1453419","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1453419","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":48,"category_name":"Rhetoric","link":"bib?categories[]=Rhetoric"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5673,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"53","issue":"1","pages":"1-21"}},"sort":[1962]}

Comedy as Satire in Hispano-Arabic Spain, 1958
By: Edwin J. Webber
Title Comedy as Satire in Hispano-Arabic Spain
Type Article
Language English
Date 1958
Journal Hispanic Review
Volume 26
Issue 1
Pages 1-11
Categories Poetics, Surveys
Author(s) Edwin J. Webber
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Le Quodlibet 9 est bien de Saint Thomas: l'article sur l'infini en acte est a lui seul probant, 1948
By: J. Isaac
Title Le Quodlibet 9 est bien de Saint Thomas: l'article sur l'infini en acte est a lui seul probant
Type Article
Language French
Date 1948
Journal Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Age
Volume 16
Issue 1947-1948
Pages 145-185
Categories Aquinas, Metaphysics
Author(s) J. Isaac
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Revisiting Averroes’ Influence on Western Philosophy, 2022
By: Anthony Raphael Etuk
Title Revisiting Averroes’ Influence on Western Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research
Volume 19
Issue 1
Pages 174-194
Categories Aristotle, Averroism, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Anthony Raphael Etuk
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Better known as Averroes, Ibn Rushd remains one of the greatest Islamic philosophical geniuses of all times. The unparalleled inventiveness of his mind and the ―audacity‖ of his methods are evident in many of his innovative philosophical activities, which tremendous stirred the minds of his contemporaries in the Middle Ages. Perhaps only a few would deny the far-reaching impacts of his profound philosophical activities and ideas on Western philosophy. Prominent among these are his unique status as a paramount guide to Aristotle, based on his influential and massive commentaries on Aristotle, and his strong arguments for the compatibility of philosophy with religion. These and more, have since established the depth of his ideas and his lasting relevance in Western philosophy history. This paper undertakes an exposition of his philosophical activities, to identify the impacts of his enduring legacies on Western philosophy. The expository and hermeneutical methods of analysis are adopted.

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Some Attacks on Causality prior to Hume, 1966
By: William H. D. Neill
Title Some Attacks on Causality prior to Hume
Type Article
Language English
Date 1966
Journal Vivarium
Volume 4
Pages 58-65
Categories al-Ġazālī, Metaphysics
Author(s) William H. D. Neill
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Substances in Subjects: Instantiation and Existence in Avicenna, 2022
By: Nathaniel B. Taylor
Title Substances in Subjects: Instantiation and Existence in Avicenna
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, Journal of the American Catholic Philosophical Association
Volume 96
Issue 3
Pages 453-471
Categories Avicenna, Tradition and Reception, Metaphysics
Author(s) Nathaniel B. Taylor
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In an effort to refute Avicenna’s real distinction between essence and existence, Averroes argues for an Instantiation Analysis of existence which thinks of existence not as an accidental addition to an essence, but rather as the recognition that there is an instance in extramental reality which matches a concept in the mind of a knower. In this study, I argue that Averroes’s Instantiation Analysis fails to refute Avicenna’s real distinction by showing that Avicenna himself endorses the Instantiation Analysis and, in fact, makes use of it to motivate his real distinction. To show this, I review several texts where Avicenna makes the puzzling claim that substances are found to be in subjects. These texts reveal how Avicenna discovers the real distinction with Aristotle’s help—not, as Averroes relates, against the view of Aristotle.

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The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante, 2016
By: Sabeen Ahmed
Title The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2016
Journal Labyrinth
Volume 18
Issue 2
Pages 209–231
Categories Politics, Aristotle, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Sabeen Ahmed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In contemporary political discourse, the "clash of civilizations" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of "democracy" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would "inspire and declare any resistance to democracy" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante – in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced – and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages.

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The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued), 1963
By: J. B. Fischer
Title The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued)
Type Article
Language English
Date 1963
Journal The Jewish Quarterly Review
Volume 54
Issue 2
Pages 132-160
Categories Aristotle, Poetics, Transmission
Author(s) J. B. Fischer
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar: I, 1962
By: J. B. Fischer
Title The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar: I
Type Article
Language English
Date 1962
Journal The Jewish Quarterly Review
Volume 53
Issue 1
Pages 1-21
Categories Poetics, Rhetoric, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) J. B. Fischer
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato’s republic: Ibn Rushd’s perspective on the position and potential of women, 2021
By: Tineke Melkebeek
Title The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato’s republic: Ibn Rushd’s perspective on the position and potential of women
Type Article
Language English
Date 2021
Journal Islamology
Volume 11
Issue 1
Pages 9-23
Categories Commentary, Plato, Politics, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Tineke Melkebeek
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato’s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato’s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd’s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle’s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle’s teacher, i.e. Plato’s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato’s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd’s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature.

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Towards a New Methodology for Natural Philosophy: Latin Averroism Revisited, 2021
By: Pilar Herráiz Oliva
Title Towards a New Methodology for Natural Philosophy: Latin Averroism Revisited
Type Article
Language English
Date 2021
Journal Mediterranea
Volume 6
Pages 131–155
Categories Averroism, Siger of Brabant, Boethius, Thomas
Author(s) Pilar Herráiz Oliva
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The reception of Aristotelian philosophy with Averroes’s commentaries in the thirteenth-century Latin world promoted a new way of understanding natural philosophy and its method. A very special case among the readers of such commentaries, mostly found at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Paris, are the so-called averroistae. What these averroistae actually were is still a matter of discussion in current scholarship, whereas there is kind of consensus regarding the main exponents of this philosophical movement, namely Siger of Brabant and Boethius of Dacia. The aim of this paper is to shed light on this topic by providing a re-definition of Averroism in the 13th century. To do this, I will analyse some of the most important works of the aforementioned authors in an attempt to clarify the specificity of their philosophical program.

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İbn Rüşd'de Bilimsel Kanıtlama Yöntemi, 2020
By: Haci Kaya
Title İbn Rüşd'de Bilimsel Kanıtlama Yöntemi
Type Article
Language Turkish
Date 2020
Journal Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences
Volume 23
Pages 27-86
Categories Logic, Commentary
Author(s) Haci Kaya
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes wrote small, medium, and magnum commentaries on the Posterior Analytics, which is translated and commented many times until the 12th century, and also originated in original studies. Averroes has established the demonstration once again with his medium and magnum commentaries that are named Talkhis al-Burhan and Sharh al-Burhan/Tafsir al-Burhan, which have been largely successful in reflecting the authenticity of the Posterior Analytics, by placing the demonstration at the center of both his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy. The demonstration, in five arts which are an art encompassing human knowledge types and a method of obtaining these types of knowledge, refers to a method of scientific demonstration that builds the theoretical framework of definitive scientific knowledge. This scientific demonstrative method, which Averroes put at the center of his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy, corresponds to a scientific method that can be called “the inductive-deductive method” based on induction.

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İbn Rüşd'de Siyaset ve Ahlak İlişkis, 2018
By: Mirpenç Aşkit
Title İbn Rüşd'de Siyaset ve Ahlak İlişkis
Type Article
Language Turkish
Date 2018
Journal Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences
Volume 16
Pages 47-65
Categories Ethics, Politics
Author(s) Mirpenç Aşkit
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Today, the basis of much political corruption can be mentioned in the presence of political morality that is built on political practices free from virtues. According to Averroes, the ethics of political morality/politics ethic provide with hegemonic power. İn the sense of overcoming this, he emphasizes on moral -based policy that takes virtues as its own origin of reference. Averroes, who takes Greek experience in the relation of morality- politics into account, gives extra weight to politics and morality relations in the building period of constitutive politics in İslamic world. As a condition of the sustenance of İslamic world in the political arena, he showed original arche/ metaphysics that refers to the virtues which should be in every area of the life. The understanding of politics and morality that is manifested in Averroes, also express the consciousness of reviving of objective political culture. Bugün birçok siyasal yozlaşmanın temelinde erdemlerden bağımsız siyasal pratikler üzerine inşa edilen bir siyasal ahlakın varlığında söz edilebilir. İbn Rüşd' göre siyasal ahlak / siyasetin ahlakı hegemonik güç sağlar. Bunun aşılması olarak erdemleri kendine referans alan ahlak temeli bir siyasete vurgu yapmaktadır. Siyaset-ahlak ilişkisinde Grek dünyasının siyaset tecrübesini dikkate alan İbn Rüşd İslam dünyasında kurucu siyasetin inşa edilmeye çalışıldığı bir dönemde siyaset ve ahlak ilişkisine daha da önem vermiştir. İslam dünyasının siyasi arenada var olmasının şartı olarak; hayatın her alanında var olması gereken erdemleri referans alan asli arche'ye/metafiziği göstermiştir. İbn Rüşd'ün de ortaya konulan siyaset ve ahlak anlayışı aynı zamanda nesnel bir siyasi kültürün dirilmesinin derin bir bilincini ifade etmektedir.

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