Aristotle and Averroes: The Influences of Aristotle's Arabic Commentator upon Western European and Arabic Rhetoric, 2007
By: Carol Lea Clark
Title Aristotle and Averroes: The Influences of Aristotle's Arabic Commentator upon Western European and Arabic Rhetoric
Type Article
Language English
Date 2007
Journal Review of Communication
Volume 7
Issue 4
Pages 369-387
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, Influence, Rhetoric
Author(s) Carol Lea Clark
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
During the 9th through 12th centuries, Aristotle's works, including the Rhetoric, were translated and studied in Arabic centers of learning, following the Prophet Mohammad's injunction to “seek knowledge even unto China.” Averroes (Ibn Rushd, d. 1198), the most prominent of the scholars who wrote commentaries on Aristotle's works, advocated that pagan Greek philosophical logic and rhetoric complimented, rather than contradicted, Islamic teaching. However, Averroes's strictly rationalist views and appreciation for pagan Greek philosophy clashed with an intensification of Islamic orthodoxy toward the end of the 12th century, and the commentator's reputation declined or disappearerd in Islamic centers of learning. Many of Averroes's works, though, were translated into Latin, Hebrew, and other languages, and his texts were studied along with Aristotle's in medieval Europe. This essay attempts to sbhow that, in a minor way, Averroes's heritage as an Aristotelian commentator continues to be studied and, thus, to influence rhetoric in both Western and Arabic countries. It also demonstrates, however, that these desultory efforts do not take advantage of the potential for insightful scholarship on this subject. In the long history of the dominant intellectual tradition of the Muslim world, Averroes offered for a brief few years the revolutionary perspective that logic, and consequently, rhetoric was independent of ideology or religion. The ramifications of that perspective have yet to be fully explored.

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Comentario mayor al libro 'Acerca del alma' de Aristóteles. Traducción parcial, 2005
By: Averroes,
Title Comentario mayor al libro 'Acerca del alma' de Aristóteles. Traducción parcial
Translation Averroes' Long Commentary on Aristotles' De Anima. A Partial Translation
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2005
Journal Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía
Volume 22
Pages 65–109
Categories Psychology, Commentary, Aristotle
Author(s) Averroes ,
Publisher(s)
Translator(s) Josep Puig Montada

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Tafsīr del de Anima. Sobre el intelecto, 2003
By: Averroes,
Title Tafsīr del de Anima. Sobre el intelecto
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2003
Journal Endoxa
Volume 17
Pages 9–61
Categories Psychology, Commentary, Aristotle
Author(s) Averroes ,
Publisher(s)
Translator(s) Andrés Martínez Lorca

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Walter Burley's "Physics" Commentaries and the Mathematics of Alteration, 2001
By: Edith Dudley Sylla
Title Walter Burley's "Physics" Commentaries and the Mathematics of Alteration
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Early Science and Medicine,
Volume 6
Issue 3
Pages 149-184
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, Tradition and Reception, Physics
Author(s) Edith Dudley Sylla
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes Commentary, 2001
By: Salim Kemal
Title Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes Commentary
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Journal of Value Inquiry
Volume 35
Issue 3
Pages 391-412
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Poetics, Logic
Author(s) Salim Kemal
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Arabic Text of Aristotle's "De anima" and Its Translator, 2001
By: Alfred L. Ivry
Title The Arabic Text of Aristotle's "De anima" and Its Translator
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Oriens
Volume 36
Pages 59-77
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, De anima, Transmission
Author(s) Alfred L. Ivry
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Early Stages in the Evolution of Gersonides' "The Wars of the Lord", 1996
By: Ruth Glasner
Title The Early Stages in the Evolution of Gersonides' "The Wars of the Lord"
Type Article
Language English
Date 1996
Journal The Jewish Quarterly Review
Volume 87
Issue 1/2
Pages 1-46
Categories Cosmology, Aristotle, Commentary
Author(s) Ruth Glasner
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rušd et les Premiers Analytiques d'Aristote. Aperçu sur un problème de syllogistique modale, 1995
By: Abdelali Elamrani-Jamal
Title Ibn Rušd et les Premiers Analytiques d'Aristote. Aperçu sur un problème de syllogistique modale
Type Article
Language French
Date 1995
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 5
Pages 51–74
Categories Logic, Alexander of Aphrodisias, al-Fārābī, Aristotle, Commentary
Author(s) Abdelali Elamrani-Jamal
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Ibn Rušd devoted a certain number of works to Aristotle's Prior Analytics. In a series of opuscules written over a period of twenty years and following upon his Middle Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics, he faced a problem particular to the modal syllogism - that of the mood of the conclusion in mixed syllogisms. The problem can be stated as follows: At the beginning of the Prior Analytics, Aristotle established a formal deductive principle - that of universal attribution (Pr. An. I.1.24b26–30). Applied to the modal syllogism, this principle is inadequate as stated. It is too general to be applied in a univocal manner in all modal syllogisms. To preserve a sense of coherence in Aristotle's declarations, the commentators had to interpret it. Presenting the interpretations of the commentators, primarily al-Fārābī and Alexander, on the basis of al-Fārābī's Large Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics, Averroes criticizes them. Applied according to Alexander's interpretation, the principle of universal attribution is valid only for modal syllogisms one of whose premises is necessary and the other assertoric; according to al-Fārābī's interpretation, it is verified only when the minor premise is possible. Averroes proposes two preliminary solutions. Either this formal deductive principle must be applied differently according to the modal differences of the minor premises in mixed syllogisms (first solution) or would be used in two ways, generally or in keeping with each mood (second solution). These solutions are not satisfactory, for they call into question the unity and universality of the principle of universal attribution as established by Aristotle. What is the utility, Averroes asks, of a principle which does not hold for all modalities or does not apply to all the premises when the Prior Analytics ought to furnish formal and universal principles of deduction? And why did Aristotle define the principle of universal attribution without distinguishing its application according to each of the three modal premises? Returning at the end of his career to a literal exegesis of Aristotle's propositions and without harkening back to the earlier solutions, he proposes a theory of making the terms modal (fourth solution) in order to save Aristotle's declarations with respect to the principle of universal attribution and the mood of the conclusion of mixed syllogisms (Prior Analytics I. 9.30al5–20). Though formally inadequate, this solution, which had a continued history, proposes a new way of looking at the classification of modal propositions.

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À propos du "fondamental" et de "l'essentiel" dans le commentaire d'Averroès sur la "métaphysique" d'Aristote, 1995
By: Laurence Bauloye
Title À propos du "fondamental" et de "l'essentiel" dans le commentaire d'Averroès sur la "métaphysique" d'Aristote
Type Article
Language French
Date 1995
Journal Revue de Philosophie Ancienne
Volume 13
Issue 2
Pages 225-238
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, Metaphysics
Author(s) Laurence Bauloye
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5729","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5729,"authors_free":[{"id":6637,"entry_id":5729,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":814,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Laurence Bauloye","free_first_name":"Laurence ","free_last_name":"Bauloye","norm_person":{"id":814,"first_name":"Laurence","last_name":"Bauloye","full_name":"Laurence Bauloye","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/152664165","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/59337898","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Laurence Bauloye"}}],"entry_title":"\u00c0 propos du \"fondamental\" et de \"l'essentiel\" dans le commentaire d'Averro\u00e8s sur la \"m\u00e9taphysique\" d'Aristote","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"\u00c0 propos du \"fondamental\" et de \"l'essentiel\" dans le commentaire d'Averro\u00e8s sur la \"m\u00e9taphysique\" d'Aristote"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1995","language":"French","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24354593","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[{"id":814,"full_name":"Laurence Bauloye","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5729,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Revue de Philosophie Ancienne","volume":"13","issue":"2","pages":"225-238"}},"sort":[1995]}

Averroes' De Caelo Ibn Rushd's Cosmology in his Commentaries on Aristotle's On the Heavens, 1995
By: Gerhard Endress
Title Averroes' De Caelo Ibn Rushd's Cosmology in his Commentaries on Aristotle's On the Heavens
Type Article
Language English
Date 1995
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 5
Issue 1
Pages 9 - 49
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, De caelo, Cosmology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Gerhard Endress
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes defended philosophy by returning to the true Aristotle. For this purpose, Aristotle's book “On the Heaven,” in which he explained the eternity, uniqueness and movement of the universe, occupied a place of special importance. But the Aristotelian philosopher had a hard time holding his own in the face of contradictions within the book and with respect to Aristotle's later works. In his early Compendium, later Paraphrase, and final Long Commentary of De Caelo, Ibn Rushd continued the efforts of the Hellenistic commentators in order to integrate all the elements of his doctrine into a unified system, to harmonize his early cosmology with his later Metaphysics – the early doctrine of natural movement of the elements, and of the self-moving star-souls (a Platonic element), with the doctrine of potency and actuality and the theory of the First Mover – and to uphold his models of homocentric planetary spheres against the mathematical paradigm of Ptolemaic astronomy. By insisting throughout on demonstrative arguments based on rational principles, he asserted the philosophers' claim to irrefutable truth.

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La recepción de la ética aristotélica en Averroes y su impacto en el mundo latino medieval, 2021
By: Andrés Martínez Lorca
Title La recepción de la ética aristotélica en Averroes y su impacto en el mundo latino medieval
Translation The reception of the Aristotelian Ethics in Averroes and its influence on trhe medieval latin world
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2021
Journal Endoxa
Volume 48
Pages 15-46
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Nicomachean ethics, Tradition and Reception, Plato, Albert, Aquinas
Author(s) Andrés Martínez Lorca
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
El pensamiento ético de Averroes apenas ha sido estudiado y ello a pesar de que es el nico filósofo islámico medieval del que se conserva un Comentario a la principal obra ristotélica sobre el tema, la Ética nicomáquea. El eje del presente trabajo es precisamente un nuevo análisis de ese Comentario a través de los conceptos de eudaimonía o felicidad, philía o amistad y tò díkaion o justicia.Averroes subraya los aspectos sociales y políticos apuntados por Aristóteles llegando a considerar el gobierno de los estados uno de los objetivos de su discurso ético. Asimismo, señala la preocupación de los legisladores por buscar la concordia civil que es considerada el mayor bien en las comunidades. Hay, pues, una conexión entre ética y política. Tiene, sin embargo, la hegemonía la política.Finalmente se considera este aspecto desatendido hasta ahora en la historiografía medieval: fue gracias al pensador andalusí como se produjo en el Occidente latino la recepción de la Ética nicomáquea de Aristóteles, obra que penetró en los círculos filosóficos y también en la cultura bajomedieval. La favorable acogida de los dos rincipales teólogos cristianos de la Edad Media, Alberto Magno y Tomás de Aquino, al Comentario de Averroes, traducido al latín por un obispo, ayudó a su difusión en el mundo medieval y más tarde en el Renacimiento. The ethical thought of Averroes has hardly been studied, and this despite the fact that he is the only medieval islamic philosopher whose Commentary on the main Aristotelian work on the subject, the Nicomachean Ethics, is preserved. The axis of this paper is precisely a new analysis of this Commentary through the concepts of eudaimonía or happiness, philía or friendship and tò díkaion or justice.Averroes underlines the social and political aspects pointed out by Aristotle, considering the government of the states one of the purposes of his ethical discourse. Likewise, he asserts the concern of legislators to seek civil harmony, which is considered the highest good in the communities. There is, consequently, a connection between ethics and politics. However, politics has the hegemony.Finally, is considered this neglected aspect so far in medieval historiography: it was thanks to the Andalusian thinker that was produced in the Latin West the reception of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, a work that entered philosophical circles and also late medieval culture. The favorable reception of the two main Christian theologians of the Middle Ages, Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas, to the Commentary of Averroes, translated into Latin by a bishop, contributed to its spreading in the medieval world and later the Renaissance.

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El eje del presente trabajo es precisamente un nuevo an\u00e1lisis de ese Comentario a trav\u00e9s de los conceptos de eudaimon\u00eda o felicidad, phil\u00eda o amistad y t\u00f2 d\u00edkaion o justicia.Averroes subraya los aspectos sociales y pol\u00edticos apuntados por Arist\u00f3teles llegando a considerar el gobierno de los estados uno de los objetivos de su discurso \u00e9tico. Asimismo, se\u00f1ala la preocupaci\u00f3n de los legisladores por buscar la concordia civil que es considerada el mayor bien en las comunidades. Hay, pues, una conexi\u00f3n entre \u00e9tica y pol\u00edtica. Tiene, sin embargo, la hegemon\u00eda la pol\u00edtica.Finalmente se considera este aspecto desatendido hasta ahora en la historiograf\u00eda medieval: fue gracias al pensador andalus\u00ed como se produjo en el Occidente latino la recepci\u00f3n de la \u00c9tica nicom\u00e1quea de Arist\u00f3teles, obra que penetr\u00f3 en los c\u00edrculos filos\u00f3ficos y tambi\u00e9n en la cultura bajomedieval. La favorable acogida de los dos rincipales te\u00f3logos cristianos de la Edad Media, Alberto Magno y Tom\u00e1s de Aquino, al Comentario de Averroes, traducido al lat\u00edn por un obispo, ayud\u00f3 a su difusi\u00f3n en el mundo medieval y m\u00e1s tarde en el Renacimiento.\r\n\r\nThe ethical thought of Averroes has hardly been studied, and this despite the fact that he is the only medieval islamic philosopher whose Commentary on the main Aristotelian work on the subject, the Nicomachean Ethics, is preserved. The axis of this paper is precisely a new analysis of this Commentary through the concepts of eudaimon\u00eda or happiness, phil\u00eda or friendship and t\u00f2 d\u00edkaion or justice.Averroes underlines the social and political aspects pointed out by Aristotle, considering the government of the states one of the purposes of his ethical discourse. Likewise, he asserts the concern of legislators to seek civil harmony, which is considered the highest good in the communities. There is, consequently, a connection between ethics and politics. However, politics has the hegemony.Finally, is considered this neglected aspect so far in medieval historiography: it was thanks to the Andalusian thinker that was produced in the Latin West the reception of Aristotle\u2019s Nicomachean Ethics, a work that entered philosophical circles and also late medieval culture. The favorable reception of the two main Christian theologians of the Middle Ages, Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas, to the Commentary of Averroes, translated into Latin by a bishop, contributed to its spreading in the medieval world and later the Renaissance.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"Spanish","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5944\/endoxa.48.2021 (refers to the whole volume)","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":70,"category_name":"Nicomachean ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Nicomachean ethics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":6,"category_name":"Albert","link":"bib?categories[]=Albert"},{"id":2,"category_name":"Aquinas","link":"bib?categories[]=Aquinas"}],"authors":[{"id":756,"full_name":"Andr\u00e9s Mart\u00ednez Lorca","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5565,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Endoxa","volume":"48","issue":"","pages":"15-46"}},"sort":["La recepci\u00f3n de la \u00e9tica aristot\u00e9lica en Averroes y su impacto en el mundo latino medieval"]}

Le statut «scientifique» de l’éthique d’après le Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à l’Éthique à Nicomaque d’Aristote, 2018
By: Frédérique Woerther
Title Le statut «scientifique» de l’éthique d’après le Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à l’Éthique à Nicomaque d’Aristote
Type Article
Language French
Date 2018
Journal Oriens
Volume 46
Issue No. 3/4
Pages 332–367
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Nicomachean ethics
Author(s) Frédérique Woerther
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Following an exegetical method similar to the one used two years earlier in his Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, Averroes usually stays very close to the Arabic version of the Nicomachean Ethics in his Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. For he mostly reproduces Aristotle’s text without reformulating it. When necessary he nonetheless deletes the most obscure passages and develops those requiring more explanation, adding examples and replacing some terms with other terms, usually technical ones. By doing so, Averroes gives the ten Books of Aristotle’s treatise a greater unity and coherence. One of the commonest modifications that Averroes introduced in the Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics on the microstructural level is the use of the term scientia/ ḥokhma to refer to the content of the Ethics, whereas Aristotle’s text had no specific word for this. Likewise, Averroes makes clear in the first lines of his Commentary on the Republic that the discursive mode he is going to follow is the mode of scientific or theoretical arguments, not dialectical arguments. Hence, bestowing the status of a «science» on ethics (and on politics) clearly seems problematic – from a strictly Aristotelian perspective at any rate. This contribution seeks to understand, from Books I and X of Averroes’ Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, how the «scientific» status of ethics shall be understood, by observing in particular the inscription of the Ethics in the knowledge system as Averroes conceives it, and by raising the question of the addressee of his Middle Commentary, who obviously is no longer the Aristotelian figure of the legislator ἐπιειϰής.

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Les Excerpta de libro Aristotelis Ethicorum secundum translationem de arabico in latinum, 2016
By: Frédérique Woerther
Title Les Excerpta de libro Aristotelis Ethicorum secundum translationem de arabico in latinum
Type Article
Language French
Date 2016
Journal Archives d’Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Âge
Volume 83
Pages 115–147
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Ethics, Nicomachean ethics
Author(s) Frédérique Woerther
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Les commentaires sur la Physique d'Aristote attribués à Siger de Brabant, 1949
By: Anneliese Maier
Title Les commentaires sur la Physique d'Aristote attribués à Siger de Brabant
Type Article
Language French
Date 1949
Journal Revue philosophique de Louvain
Volume 47
Pages 334-350
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, Physics, Averroism, Latin Averroism, Siger of Brabant
Author(s) Anneliese Maier
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Les fragments arabes du Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à l’Éthique à Nicomaque, 2019
By: Frédérique Woerther
Title Les fragments arabes du Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à l’Éthique à Nicomaque
Type Article
Language French
Date 2019
Journal Oriens
Volume 47
Issue 3-4
Pages 244–312
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Ethics
Author(s) Frédérique Woerther
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Les translittérations dans la version latine du Commentaire moyen à l’Éthique à Nicomaque d’Averroès, 2014
By: Frédérique Woerther
Title Les translittérations dans la version latine du Commentaire moyen à l’Éthique à Nicomaque d’Averroès
Type Article
Language French
Date 2014
Journal Bulletin de Philosophie médiévale
Volume 56
Pages 61–89
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Transmission
Author(s) Frédérique Woerther
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The present discussion derives from a larger research project that concerns the medieval Latin translation of Averroes’ Middle Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics. The translation was carried out by Hermann the German in Toledo in 1240. I am concerned here specifically with nine passages that are distributed over three chapters of the Commentary (II.7; IV.1-3) in which the Latin translation is sprinkled with transliterations based on Greek and Arabic terms. These transliterations, which are not glosses, can be understood on several levels, and these, in turn, raise questions about the boundary between transliteration proper and translation that borrows from the source language a term which is then integrated into the Latin lexicon in the form of a calque or ‘loan translation’. Examining these transliterations makes it possible, first, to show that the translator does not follow a uniform method throughout the text, which could imply the existence of several translators or several collaborators with distinct and exclusive areas of expertise, and second, to advance the hypothesis that a Greek copy of the Nicomachean Ethics was available at the time the translation was being executed in 1240. Finally, the discussion of transliterations makes it possible to confirm certain emendations proposed by Ullman in the Arabic edition of the Nicomachean Ethics published by Akasoy and Fidora, as well as to suggest a primary classification of the surviving manuscripts of the Latin version of the Middle Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics.

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Long Commentary on Aristotle’s De anima, 2012
By: Averroes, Y. Eshots (Ed.),
Title Long Commentary on Aristotle’s De anima
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2012
Journal Ishraq. Islamic Philosophy Yearbook
Volume 3
Pages 380–407
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, De anima
Author(s) Averroes , Y. Eshots ,
Publisher(s)
Translator(s) N. V. Efremova

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Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Poetics by Averroes, 2020
By: Ali Tekin
Title Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Poetics by Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2020
Journal Entelekya Logico-Metaphysical Review
Volume 4
Issue 2
Pages 179-185
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Poetics
Author(s) Ali Tekin
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Mittlerer Kommentar von Averroes zur Nikomachischen Ethik des Aristoteles, 1992
By: Jerzy B. Korolec
Title Mittlerer Kommentar von Averroes zur Nikomachischen Ethik des Aristoteles
Type Article
Language German
Date 1992
Journal Mediaevalia philosophica Polonorum
Volume 31
Pages 61–118
Categories Ethics, Commentary, Aristotle
Author(s) Jerzy B. Korolec
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Motion in the Void and the Principle of Inertia in the Middle Ages, 1964
By: Edward Grant
Title Motion in the Void and the Principle of Inertia in the Middle Ages
Type Article
Language English
Date 1964
Journal Isis
Volume 55
Issue 3
Pages 265-292
Categories Aristotle, Physics, Commentary, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Edward Grant
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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