| Title | The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato’s republic: Ibn Rushd’s perspective on the position and potential of women |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Islamology |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 9-23 |
| Categories | Commentary, Plato, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Tineke Melkebeek |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato’s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato’s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd’s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle’s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle’s teacher, i.e. Plato’s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato’s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd’s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5808","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5808,"authors_free":[{"id":6729,"entry_id":5808,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Tineke Melkebeek","free_first_name":"Tineke ","free_last_name":"Melkebeek","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato\u2019s republic: Ibn Rushd\u2019s perspective on the position and potential of women","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato\u2019s republic: Ibn Rushd\u2019s perspective on the position and potential of women"},"abstract":"This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato\u2019s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato\u2019s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd\u2019s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle\u2019s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle\u2019s teacher, i.e. Plato\u2019s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato\u2019s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd\u2019s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature. ","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.24848\/islmlg.11.1.02","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5808,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":" Islamology","volume":"11","issue":"1","pages":"9-23"}},"sort":[2021]}
| Today, the basis of much political corruption can be mentioned in the presence of political morality that is built on political practices free from virtues. According to Averroes, the ethics of political morality/politics ethic provide with hegemonic power. İn the sense of overcoming this, he emphasizes on moral -based policy that takes virtues as its own origin of reference. Averroes, who takes Greek experience in the relation of morality- politics into account, gives extra weight to politics and morality relations in the building period of constitutive politics in İslamic world. As a condition of the sustenance of İslamic world in the political arena, he showed original arche/ metaphysics that refers to the virtues which should be in every area of the life. The understanding of politics and morality that is manifested in Averroes, also express the consciousness of reviving of objective political culture. Bugün birçok siyasal yozlaşmanın temelinde erdemlerden bağımsız siyasal pratikler üzerine inşa edilen bir siyasal ahlakın varlığında söz edilebilir. İbn Rüşd' göre siyasal ahlak / siyasetin ahlakı hegemonik güç sağlar. Bunun aşılması olarak erdemleri kendine referans alan ahlak temeli bir siyasete vurgu yapmaktadır. Siyaset-ahlak ilişkisinde Grek dünyasının siyaset tecrübesini dikkate alan İbn Rüşd İslam dünyasında kurucu siyasetin inşa edilmeye çalışıldığı bir dönemde siyaset ve ahlak ilişkisine daha da önem vermiştir. İslam dünyasının siyasi arenada var olmasının şartı olarak; hayatın her alanında var olması gereken erdemleri referans alan asli arche'ye/metafiziği göstermiştir. İbn Rüşd'ün de ortaya konulan siyaset ve ahlak anlayışı aynı zamanda nesnel bir siyasi kültürün dirilmesinin derin bir bilincini ifade etmektedir. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5584","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5584,"authors_free":[{"id":6482,"entry_id":5584,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Mirpen\u00e7 A\u015fkit","free_first_name":"Mirpen\u00e7 ","free_last_name":"A\u015fkit","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Siyaset ve Ahlak \u0130li\u015fkis","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Siyaset ve Ahlak \u0130li\u015fkis"},"abstract":"Today, the basis of much political corruption can be mentioned in the presence of political morality that is built on political practices free from virtues. According to Averroes, the ethics of political morality\/politics ethic provide with hegemonic power. \u0130n the sense of overcoming this, he emphasizes on moral -based policy that takes virtues as its own origin of reference. Averroes, who takes Greek experience in the relation of morality- politics into account, gives extra weight to politics and morality relations in the building period of constitutive politics in \u0130slamic world. As a condition of the sustenance of \u0130slamic world in the political arena, he showed original arche\/ metaphysics that refers to the virtues which should be in every area of the life. The understanding of politics and morality that is manifested in Averroes, also express the consciousness of reviving of objective political culture. \r\n\r\nBug\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok siyasal yozla\u015fman\u0131n temelinde erdemlerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z siyasal pratikler \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen bir siyasal ahlak\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00f6z edilebilir. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd' g\u00f6re siyasal ahlak \/ siyasetin ahlak\u0131 hegemonik g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flar. Bunun a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak erdemleri kendine referans alan ahlak temeli bir siyasete vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r. Siyaset-ahlak ili\u015fkisinde Grek d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n siyaset tecr\u00fcbesini dikkate alan \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kurucu siyasetin in\u015fa edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde siyaset ve ahlak ili\u015fkisine daha da \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n siyasi arenada var olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart\u0131 olarak; hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda var olmas\u0131 gereken erdemleri referans alan asli arche'ye\/metafizi\u011fi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'\u00fcn de ortaya konulan siyaset ve ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda nesnel bir siyasi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn dirilmesinin derin bir bilincini ifade etmektedir.","btype":3,"date":"2018","language":"Turkish","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":22,"category_name":"Ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Ethics"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5584,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"16","issue":"","pages":"47-65"}},"sort":[2018]}
| Title | The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante |
| Type | Article |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Labyrinth |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 209–231 |
| Categories | Politics, Aristotle, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Sabeen Ahmed |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In contemporary political discourse, the "clash of civilizations" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of "democracy" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would "inspire and declare any resistance to democracy" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante – in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced – and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages. |
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| Title | Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Journal | International Journal of the Classical Tradition |
| Pages | 1-29 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aristotle, Poetics, Rhetoric, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Peter Makhlouf |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Judaeo-Arabic prophetology, as developed in the wake of Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy, was highly attentive to the kind of representational modes produced by divine revelation and their political use—but also their political precarity. By drawing on another corpus, less often discussed in this context, the Arabic commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics and Rhetoric, this study proposes to undertake a close analysis of how the medieval thinkers in question (Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides) understood the poetics of prophecy to function. What emerges is an account of how the political theo-logic of poetics and rhetoric—as developed with respect to terms such as imitation, imagination and visualization—came to play a central role in the theory of prophecy, and how that theory of prophecy in turn gave rise to an understanding of what Leo Strauss once termed the ‘literary character’ of these philosophers' ‘art of writing’. |
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| Title | Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Journal | International Journal of the Classical Tradition |
| Pages | 1-29 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aristotle, Poetics, Rhetoric, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Peter Makhlouf |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Judaeo-Arabic prophetology, as developed in the wake of Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy, was highly attentive to the kind of representational modes produced by divine revelation and their political use—but also their political precarity. By drawing on another corpus, less often discussed in this context, the Arabic commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics and Rhetoric, this study proposes to undertake a close analysis of how the medieval thinkers in question (Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides) understood the poetics of prophecy to function. What emerges is an account of how the political theo-logic of poetics and rhetoric—as developed with respect to terms such as imitation, imagination and visualization—came to play a central role in the theory of prophecy, and how that theory of prophecy in turn gave rise to an understanding of what Leo Strauss once termed the ‘literary character’ of these philosophers' ‘art of writing’. |
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| Title | The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante |
| Type | Article |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Labyrinth |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 209–231 |
| Categories | Politics, Aristotle, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Sabeen Ahmed |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In contemporary political discourse, the "clash of civilizations" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of "democracy" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would "inspire and declare any resistance to democracy" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante – in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced – and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages. |
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| Title | The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato’s republic: Ibn Rushd’s perspective on the position and potential of women |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Islamology |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 9-23 |
| Categories | Commentary, Plato, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Tineke Melkebeek |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato’s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato’s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd’s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle’s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle’s teacher, i.e. Plato’s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato’s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd’s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5808","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5808,"authors_free":[{"id":6729,"entry_id":5808,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Tineke Melkebeek","free_first_name":"Tineke ","free_last_name":"Melkebeek","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato\u2019s republic: Ibn Rushd\u2019s perspective on the position and potential of women","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato\u2019s republic: Ibn Rushd\u2019s perspective on the position and potential of women"},"abstract":"This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato\u2019s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato\u2019s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd\u2019s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle\u2019s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle\u2019s teacher, i.e. Plato\u2019s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato\u2019s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd\u2019s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature. ","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.24848\/islmlg.11.1.02","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5808,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":" Islamology","volume":"11","issue":"1","pages":"9-23"}},"sort":["The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato\u2019s republic: Ibn Rushd\u2019s perspective on the position and potential of women"]}
| Today, the basis of much political corruption can be mentioned in the presence of political morality that is built on political practices free from virtues. According to Averroes, the ethics of political morality/politics ethic provide with hegemonic power. İn the sense of overcoming this, he emphasizes on moral -based policy that takes virtues as its own origin of reference. Averroes, who takes Greek experience in the relation of morality- politics into account, gives extra weight to politics and morality relations in the building period of constitutive politics in İslamic world. As a condition of the sustenance of İslamic world in the political arena, he showed original arche/ metaphysics that refers to the virtues which should be in every area of the life. The understanding of politics and morality that is manifested in Averroes, also express the consciousness of reviving of objective political culture. Bugün birçok siyasal yozlaşmanın temelinde erdemlerden bağımsız siyasal pratikler üzerine inşa edilen bir siyasal ahlakın varlığında söz edilebilir. İbn Rüşd' göre siyasal ahlak / siyasetin ahlakı hegemonik güç sağlar. Bunun aşılması olarak erdemleri kendine referans alan ahlak temeli bir siyasete vurgu yapmaktadır. Siyaset-ahlak ilişkisinde Grek dünyasının siyaset tecrübesini dikkate alan İbn Rüşd İslam dünyasında kurucu siyasetin inşa edilmeye çalışıldığı bir dönemde siyaset ve ahlak ilişkisine daha da önem vermiştir. İslam dünyasının siyasi arenada var olmasının şartı olarak; hayatın her alanında var olması gereken erdemleri referans alan asli arche'ye/metafiziği göstermiştir. İbn Rüşd'ün de ortaya konulan siyaset ve ahlak anlayışı aynı zamanda nesnel bir siyasi kültürün dirilmesinin derin bir bilincini ifade etmektedir. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5584","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5584,"authors_free":[{"id":6482,"entry_id":5584,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Mirpen\u00e7 A\u015fkit","free_first_name":"Mirpen\u00e7 ","free_last_name":"A\u015fkit","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Siyaset ve Ahlak \u0130li\u015fkis","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Siyaset ve Ahlak \u0130li\u015fkis"},"abstract":"Today, the basis of much political corruption can be mentioned in the presence of political morality that is built on political practices free from virtues. According to Averroes, the ethics of political morality\/politics ethic provide with hegemonic power. \u0130n the sense of overcoming this, he emphasizes on moral -based policy that takes virtues as its own origin of reference. Averroes, who takes Greek experience in the relation of morality- politics into account, gives extra weight to politics and morality relations in the building period of constitutive politics in \u0130slamic world. As a condition of the sustenance of \u0130slamic world in the political arena, he showed original arche\/ metaphysics that refers to the virtues which should be in every area of the life. The understanding of politics and morality that is manifested in Averroes, also express the consciousness of reviving of objective political culture. \r\n\r\nBug\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok siyasal yozla\u015fman\u0131n temelinde erdemlerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z siyasal pratikler \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen bir siyasal ahlak\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00f6z edilebilir. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd' g\u00f6re siyasal ahlak \/ siyasetin ahlak\u0131 hegemonik g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flar. Bunun a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak erdemleri kendine referans alan ahlak temeli bir siyasete vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r. Siyaset-ahlak ili\u015fkisinde Grek d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n siyaset tecr\u00fcbesini dikkate alan \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kurucu siyasetin in\u015fa edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde siyaset ve ahlak ili\u015fkisine daha da \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n siyasi arenada var olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart\u0131 olarak; hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda var olmas\u0131 gereken erdemleri referans alan asli arche'ye\/metafizi\u011fi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'\u00fcn de ortaya konulan siyaset ve ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda nesnel bir siyasi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn dirilmesinin derin bir bilincini ifade etmektedir.","btype":3,"date":"2018","language":"Turkish","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":22,"category_name":"Ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Ethics"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5584,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"16","issue":"","pages":"47-65"}},"sort":["\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Siyaset ve Ahlak \u0130li\u015fkis"]}