L'éducation aristotélicienne des philosophes-rois de Platon dans le Commentaire sur la République d'Averroès, 1991
By: Charles E. Butterworth
Title L'éducation aristotélicienne des philosophes-rois de Platon dans le Commentaire sur la République d'Averroès
Type Article
Language French
Date 1991
Journal Internationale de l'Imaginaire
Volume 17–18
Pages 147–152
Categories Politics
Author(s) Charles E. Butterworth
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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イブン・ルシドの論説とイスラム社会 -2-, 1989
By: Chisato Tanaka
Title イブン・ルシドの論説とイスラム社会 -2-
Translation Ibn Rushd's writings and the Muslim society 2
Type Article
Language Japanese
Date 1989
Journal Kinki Daigaku Kyōyōbu Kenkyū Kiyō
Volume 21
Issue 1
Pages 15-31
Categories Politics
Author(s) Chisato Tanaka
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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イブン・ルシドの論説とイスラム社会 -1-, 1989
By: Chisato Tanaka
Title イブン・ルシドの論説とイスラム社会 -1-
Translation Ibn Rushd's writings and the Muslim society 1
Type Article
Language Japanese
Date 1989
Journal Kinki Daigaku Kyōyōbu Kenkyū Kiyō
Volume 20
Issue 3
Pages 1-18
Categories Politics
Author(s) Chisato Tanaka
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Critica de Averroes a la política islámica medieval, 1986
By: Miguel Cruz Hernández
Title Critica de Averroes a la política islámica medieval
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 1986
Journal Revista del Instituto Egipcio de Estudios Islámicos en Madrid
Volume 23
Pages 15–47
Categories Politics
Author(s) Miguel Cruz Hernández
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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La función sociopolítica de la religión según Averroes, 1984
By: Emilio Tornero Poveda
Title La función sociopolítica de la religión según Averroes
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 1984
Journal Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía
Volume 4
Pages 75–82
Categories Politics, Theology
Author(s) Emilio Tornero Poveda
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ethics in Medieval Islamic Philosophy, 1983
By: Charles E. Butterworth
Title Ethics in Medieval Islamic Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 1983
Journal Journal of Religious Ethics
Volume 11
Pages 224–239
Categories Ethics, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Politics
Author(s) Charles E. Butterworth
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"436","_score":null,"_source":{"id":436,"authors_free":[{"id":579,"entry_id":436,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":123,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Charles E. Butterworth","free_first_name":"Charles E.","free_last_name":"Butterworth","norm_person":{"id":123,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"Charles E. Butterworth","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/105338856X","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/41853950","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":0,"link":"bib?authors[]=Charles E. Butterworth"}}],"entry_title":"Ethics in Medieval Islamic Philosophy","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Ethics in Medieval Islamic Philosophy"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1983","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40017707","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":22,"category_name":"Ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Ethics"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"}],"authors":[{"id":123,"full_name":"Charles E. Butterworth","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":436,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Journal of Religious Ethics","volume":"11","issue":null,"pages":"224\u2013239"}},"sort":[1983]}

L'éducation politique selon Ibn Roshd (Averroes), 1980
By: Louis Lazar
Title L'éducation politique selon Ibn Roshd (Averroes)
Type Article
Language French
Date 1980
Journal Studia islamica
Volume 52
Pages 135–166
Categories Politics
Author(s) Louis Lazar
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"748","_score":null,"_source":{"id":748,"authors_free":[{"id":907,"entry_id":748,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":935,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Louis Lazar","free_first_name":"Louis","free_last_name":"Lazar","norm_person":{"id":935,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Lazar","full_name":"Louis Lazar","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/313570809","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Louis Lazar"}}],"entry_title":"L'\u00e9ducation politique selon Ibn Roshd (Averroes)","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"L'\u00e9ducation politique selon Ibn Roshd (Averroes)"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1980","language":"French","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1595365","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1595365","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"}],"authors":[{"id":935,"full_name":"Louis Lazar","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":748,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Studia islamica","volume":"52","issue":null,"pages":"135\u2013166"}},"sort":[1980]}

Democracy in Islamic Political Philosophy, 1980
By: Fauzi M. Najjar
Title Democracy in Islamic Political Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 1980
Journal Studia Islamica
Volume 51
Pages 107-122
Categories Surveys, Politics
Author(s) Fauzi M. Najjar
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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On Paul Sigmund's "Review of Ralph Lerner's Averroes on Plato's Republic", 1975
By: Charles E. Butterworth
Title On Paul Sigmund's "Review of Ralph Lerner's Averroes on Plato's Republic"
Type Article
Language English
Date 1975
Journal Political Theory
Volume 3
Issue 2
Pages 505–506
Categories Politics
Author(s) Charles E. Butterworth
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Rhetoric and Islamic Political Philosophy, 1972
By: Charles E. Butterworth
Title Rhetoric and Islamic Political Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 1972
Journal International Journal of Middle East Studies
Volume 3
Issue 2
Pages 187-198
Categories Rhetoric, Politics, Commentary
Author(s) Charles E. Butterworth
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Philosophy and Religion in the Political Thought of Alfarabi, 2023
By: Ishraq Ali
Title Philosophy and Religion in the Political Thought of Alfarabi
Type Article
Language English
Date 2023
Journal Religions
Volume 14
Issue 7
Pages 908-917
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, al-Fārābī, Politics
Author(s) Ishraq Ali
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Philosophy and religion were the two important sources of knowledge for medieval Arab Muslim polymaths. Owing to the difference between the nature of philosophy and religion, the interplay between philosophy and religion often takes the form of conflict in medieval Muslim thought as exemplified by the Al-Ghazali versus Averroes (Ibn Rusd) polemic. Unlike the Al-Ghazali versus Averroes (Ibn Rushd) polemic, the interplay between philosophy and religion in the political philosophy of Abu Nasr Alfarabi takes the form of harmonious co-existence. Although, for Alfarabi, religion is an inferior form of knowledge as compared to philosophy, the present article will show that philosophy and religion play equally significant roles in Alfarabi’s virtuous city and that in the absence of either philosophy or religion, the political system proposed by Alfarabi cannot exist.

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Platão, Al-Fārābī e Averróis: as qualidades essenciais ao governante, 2011
By: Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira
Title Platão, Al-Fārābī e Averróis: as qualidades essenciais ao governante
Type Article
Language Portuguese
Date 2011
Journal Trans/Form/Ação. Revista de Filosofia da UNESP
Volume 34
Issue 1
Pages 1–20
Categories al-Fārābī, Plato, Politics
Author(s) Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The political philosophy that developed in the Islamic world between the 9th and 12th centuries assumed ideas from Greek philosophy, mainly from Plato and Aristotle. Plato's Republic and Laws, and Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics were the texts that laid the foundation for the political conceptions of the Arab philosophers, from the virtues to be sought after individually, to the idea of the best political regime. Based on the Greek texts translated into Arabic, these philosophers outlined the aims of political life, and the manner in which the political regime should be structured to achieve these aims. The ideal Platonic city is the paradigm to be realized. The topic of the ruler's essential qualities is part of a long tradition which remounts to the "mirrors of the princes" of Persian origin; it also appears in the Religious tradition and in the Islamic law. Two great exponents of the Arab-islamic philosophy, Al-Fârâbî and Averroes, retrieved the topic of the ruler's essential qualities of the king-philosopher uttered in the Republic, and adapted it to their historical universe.

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Political Islam: The Origins, 1992
By: Charles E. Butterworth
Title Political Islam: The Origins
Type Article
Language English
Date 1992
Journal The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
Volume 524
Pages 26-37
Categories Politics, Surveys
Author(s) Charles E. Butterworth
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss
By: Peter Makhlouf
Title Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss
Type Article
Language English
Journal International Journal of the Classical Tradition
Pages 1-29
Categories al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aristotle, Poetics, Rhetoric, Politics, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Peter Makhlouf
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Judaeo-Arabic prophetology, as developed in the wake of Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy, was highly attentive to the kind of representational modes produced by divine revelation and their political use—but also their political precarity. By drawing on another corpus, less often discussed in this context, the Arabic commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics and Rhetoric, this study proposes to undertake a close analysis of how the medieval thinkers in question (Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides) understood the poetics of prophecy to function. What emerges is an account of how the political theo-logic of poetics and rhetoric—as developed with respect to terms such as imitation, imagination and visualization—came to play a central role in the theory of prophecy, and how that theory of prophecy in turn gave rise to an understanding of what Leo Strauss once termed the ‘literary character’ of these philosophers' ‘art of writing’.

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Reason, faith, and politics: a journey to Muslim Andalusia, 2000
By: Fred R. Dallmayr
Title Reason, faith, and politics: a journey to Muslim Andalusia
Type Article
Language English
Date 2000
Journal The Maghreb review
Volume 25
Issue 3-4
Pages 194-216
Categories Politics, Theology, Surveys
Author(s) Fred R. Dallmayr
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Rhetoric and Islamic Political Philosophy, 1972
By: Charles E. Butterworth
Title Rhetoric and Islamic Political Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 1972
Journal International Journal of Middle East Studies
Volume 3
Issue 2
Pages 187-198
Categories Rhetoric, Politics, Commentary
Author(s) Charles E. Butterworth
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Contention between Secular and Revealed Law: Analyzing Ibn Rushd’s Solution to the Problem of the “Virtuous Society”, 2019
By: Jaan S. Islam
Title The Contention between Secular and Revealed Law: Analyzing Ibn Rushd’s Solution to the Problem of the “Virtuous Society”
Type Article
Language English
Date 2019
Journal Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies
Volume 4
Issue 1
Pages 43–65
Categories Politics, Law, Commentary, Plato
Author(s) Jaan S. Islam
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article is an analysis of the political thought of Ibn Rushd and its significance for the current conflict in Islamic political thought between liberal, secular and conservative Islamist thinkers over the meaning of the “virtuous society” and how it can be implemented. It is argued that the thought of Ibn Rushd offers a concept of the virtuous society that reconciles secular law and religious Sharī‘a law. The article analyzes Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on Plato’s Republic, and assesses it as potentially being able to reconcile the philosophical conflict between logically discerned law and revealed law. It is contended that the separation between “religious” and “political” (i.e., philosophical) domains often attributed to Ibn Rushd does not fully consider the entirety of Ibn Rushd’s writings and interprets his works without regard for their historical and religious contextual significance.

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The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante, 2016
By: Sabeen Ahmed
Title The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2016
Journal Labyrinth
Volume 18
Issue 2
Pages 209–231
Categories Politics, Aristotle, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Sabeen Ahmed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In contemporary political discourse, the "clash of civilizations" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of "democracy" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would "inspire and declare any resistance to democracy" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante – in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced – and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages.

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The Political Teaching of Averroes, 1992
By: Charles E. Butterworth
Title The Political Teaching of Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 1992
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 2
Pages 187–202
Categories Politics
Author(s) Charles E. Butterworth
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Though much has been written of late about Averroes and his philosophy, little attention has been paid to his political teaching. Generally speaking, his works can be divided into two categories: (a) commentaries on Aristotle and other important thinkers and (b) occasional treatises written to resolve particular questions. The subject of this essay, his political teaching, is stated most directly in the first classification of writings - especially in his commentaries on Aristotle's Rhetoric and Plato's Republic. Even though the second kind of writings helps to nuance some of his broader themes - especially the two treatises having to do with the relationship between philosophy anddivine law, namely, the Decisive Treatise and its sequel Kašf ʿan manāhiǧ al-adilla - considerations of space preclude an analysis of them here. Our examination of the first two writings will focus primarily on what Averroes has to say about the different kinds of political regimes and, above all, the best regime, for his discussion of it leads him to reflect more generally on other major political questions.

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The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato’s republic: Ibn Rushd’s perspective on the position and potential of women, 2021
By: Tineke Melkebeek
Title The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato’s republic: Ibn Rushd’s perspective on the position and potential of women
Type Article
Language English
Date 2021
Journal Islamology
Volume 11
Issue 1
Pages 9-23
Categories Commentary, Plato, Politics, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Tineke Melkebeek
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato’s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato’s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd’s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle’s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle’s teacher, i.e. Plato’s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato’s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd’s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature.

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