Type of Media
Category
Ibn Rushd and Natural Law: Mediating Human and Divine Law, 2017
By: Karen Taliaferro
Title Ibn Rushd and Natural Law: Mediating Human and Divine Law
Type Article
Language English
Date 2017
Journal Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies
Volume 28
Issue 1
Pages 1–27
Categories Law, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology, Rhetoric
Author(s) Karen Taliaferro
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article traces a Muslim tradition of natural law in the thought of Ibn Rushd. I argue that this notion of natural law enriches the concept of law and can mediate conflicts of human law and divine law in Islam. I discuss the ontology, then epistemology, of Ibn Rushd’s natural law, then situate the resultant conception of law within Islamic legal and theological contexts.

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Il libro Epsilon della Metafisica di Aristotele nell’Epitome di Aevrroè (1126-1198), 2017
By: Carmela Baffioni
Title Il libro Epsilon della Metafisica di Aristotele nell’Epitome di Aevrroè (1126-1198)
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2017
Journal Bulletin de Philosophie Médiévale
Volume 59
Pages 33–56
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Theology, Commentary
Author(s) Carmela Baffioni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article deals with Averroes’s interpretation of Metaph. Ε 1, where Aristotle discusses the nature and object of metaphysics, as well as its place in the hierarchy of sciences. Among Averroes’s predecessors, al-Kindī seems to see a coincidence between metaphysics and theology, since God can be described as the “first cause of everything”. However, al-Fārābī and Avicenna discovered that “first philosophy” could be conceived as an ontology distinct from theology; moreover, they considered theology to be only a part of metaphysics, not even the most important one. In the Great Commentary on Metaphysics - where the Arabic translation of the work by the Jacobite monk Usṭāth is quoted, Averroes often just paraphrases the original passages. One may infer that theology in the strict sense is merely mentioned by way of example. In the Epitome of Metaphysics, the objects of metaphysics are “general” ones; metaphysics studies the “absolute being” and cannot be identified with theology as “pertaining to God”.

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L’interpretazione del Corano alla luce della ragione in al-Ghazâlî e Ibn Rushd, 2016
By: Ines Peta
Title L’interpretazione del Corano alla luce della ragione in al-Ghazâlî e Ibn Rushd
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2016
Journal Rivista di Filosofia Neo-scólastica
Volume 108
Issue 4
Pages 1005–1012
Categories Theology, al-Ġazālī
Author(s) Ines Peta
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Des Mégariques aux Ashʿarites : le commentaire d’Averroès à Métaph. Θ 3, 2016
By: Ziad Bou Akl
Title Des Mégariques aux Ashʿarites : le commentaire d’Averroès à Métaph. Θ 3
Type Article
Language French
Date 2016
Journal Rursus
Volume 9
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics, Theology
Author(s) Ziad Bou Akl
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In his commentary on Metaphysics IX 3, Averroes draws an analogy between the Megarian conception of dunamis, presented and refuted by Aristotle, and that of the Ashʿarites theologians. The study of the Arabic translation of lemmatas of Aristotle’s text (1047a26-28) and of the reformulation by Averroes of the third argument against the Megarians shows a shift commanded by theological issues: since the omnipotence of God can now bypass natural powers, the question of who possess the power should be added to that of its sole possession.

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Conceiving Religion: Al-Fârâbî and Averroes on the Concepts of “Millah” and “Sharîah”, 2016
By: Mustafa Yildiz
Title Conceiving Religion: Al-Fârâbî and Averroes on the Concepts of “Millah” and “Sharîah”
Type Article
Language English
Date 2016
Journal Journal of Islamic Philosophy
Volume 10
Pages 62–103
Categories al-Fārābī, Aristotle, Theology
Author(s) Mustafa Yildiz
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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El filósofo como heredero de los profetas: el racionalismo islámico de Averroes, 2015
By: Diego R. Sarrió
Title El filósofo como heredero de los profetas: el racionalismo islámico de Averroes
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2015
Journal Al-Qantara
Volume 36
Issue 1
Pages 45–68
Categories Law, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Diego R. Sarrió
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
El presente artículo argumenta que por debajo del marco jurídico del Faṣl al-maqāl subyace el deseo de conciliar los requerimientos de la razón con las exigencias de la fe. Averroes basa tal conciliación en la aceptación de una teoría hermenéutica según la cual, la Palabra Divina se dirige a cada ser humano según su capacidad intelectual. Por consiguiente, Averroes no excluye a los sabios del deber religioso de asentir a la verdad revelada. Contrariamente a interpretaciones exageradamente secularizadoras de su racionalismo, el artículo sugiere que Averroes concibió la filosofía en términos cuasi religiosos, como la obra más noble que se puede llevar a cabo en presencia de Dios, cuyo ejercicio convierte a sus practicantes en los legítimos «herederos de los profetas».

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Qur'anic Interpretation and the Problem of Literalism: Ibn Rushd and the Enlightenment Project in the Islamic World, 2015
By: Chryssi Sidiropoulou
Title Qur'anic Interpretation and the Problem of Literalism: Ibn Rushd and the Enlightenment Project in the Islamic World
Type Article
Language English
Date 2015
Journal Religions
Volume 6
Issue 3
Pages 1082–1106
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Chryssi Sidiropoulou
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Le Kitāb al-kašf ʿan manāhiǧ al-adilla d'Averroès: Les Phases de la rédaction dans les discours sur l'existence de dieu et sur la direction, d'après l'original arabe et la traduction hébraïque, 2015
By: Silvia Di Donato
Title Le Kitāb al-kašf ʿan manāhiǧ al-adilla d'Averroès: Les Phases de la rédaction dans les discours sur l'existence de dieu et sur la direction, d'après l'original arabe et la traduction hébraïque
Type Article
Language French
Date 2015
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosopy
Volume 25
Issue 1
Pages 105–133
Categories Theology, Transmission
Author(s) Silvia Di Donato
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The extant manuscript tradition of the Kitāb al-Kašf provides evidences of three phases of redaction and revision of the treatise. This study aims to illustrate the relations between the two Arabic versions and the anonymous fourteenth century Hebrew translation, taking into account the additions and modifications that differentiate them. I conclude that the Hebrew translation represents an intermediate stage of reworking, attesting important additions to the text as well as philosophical changes, especially in arguments concerning the creation of the world at the beginning of the treatise. However, it precedes the next revision phase of the text, which leaded to the modifications of the last Arabic version, in the chapters dealing with the thorny questions of divine corporeality and direction. The analysis of additions and arguments in the matter of content, context and reasoning helps to understand the redaction phases' history and the way the treatise was transmitted.

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A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century, 2015
By: Ali Ghorbani, Fath ali Akbari
Title A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century
Type Article
Language Persian
Date 2015
Journal Comparative Theology
Volume 5
Issue 12
Pages 69-84
Categories Epistemology, Averroism, Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Ali Ghorbani , Fath ali Akbari
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Faṣl al-maqāl, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy.

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Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Talking about God, 2013
By: Mehmet Ata Az
Title Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Talking about God
Type Article
Language English
Date 2013
Journal Ilahiyat Studies
Volume 4
Issue 2
Pages 149-181
Categories Thomas, Theology
Author(s) Mehmet Ata Az
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes y su uso de aleyas coránicas, 2013
By: Josep Puig Montada
Title Averroes y su uso de aleyas coránicas
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2013
Journal SVMMA, Revista de Cultures Medievals
Volume 1
Issue 1
Pages 12-22
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Josep Puig Montada
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
El artículo considera el uso que hace Averroes de las citas coránicas en sus obras, y establece diferentes categorías. En la primera se encuentra su obra teológica cuyo título se puede traducir como Los métodos de las pruebas en las doctrinas de la religión, donde las aleyas son la base de estas doctrinas. A la segunda pertenece su comentario medio a la Retórica donde el Corán es citado por ser un modelo literario. La tercera situación es ante todo la de su obra “Tratado definitivo”, la cual tiene forma de dictamen jurídico (fatwâ). La última situación es la de obras filosóficas donde Averroes cita aleyas coránicas para su interpretación de Aristóteles. The article considers how Averroes makes use of Quranic verses in his works and classifies them into different categories. His theological treatise, that can be translated as Disclosure of the Proof Methods Concerning the Principles of Religion, based on Quranic verses, belongs to the first category. Averroes middle commentary on the Aristotelian Rhetoric belongs to the second, in which the Qur’an is quoted as a literary paradigm. In the third category we find his ‘Definitive Treatise’, written in the form of a fatwā or legal response. His philosophical works belong to the last category, in which Averroes makes use of Quranic verses to buttress his interpretation of Aristotle.

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Averroè. filosofia e religione, 1982
By: Alessandro Bausani
Title Averroè. filosofia e religione
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 1982
Journal Il Contributo
Volume 6
Issue 4
Pages 21–33
Categories Theology
Author(s) Alessandro Bausani
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès, tolérante raison, 1986
By: Mohammed Allal Sinaceur
Title Averroès, tolérante raison
Type Article
Language French
Date 1986
Journal The UNESCO CourierAverroès, Maimonide. A Window Open on the World. Deux grands esprits du XIIe siècle
Volume 39
Issue 9
Categories Theology
Author(s) Mohammed Allal Sinaceur
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroës' Takfir of al-Ghazālī: Ta'wīl and Causal Kufr, 2021
By: Saja Parvizian
Title Averroës' Takfir of al-Ghazālī: Ta'wīl and Causal Kufr
Type Article
Language English
Date 2021
Journal American journal of Islam and society
Volume 38
Issue 1/2
Pages 60-92
Categories al-Ġazālī, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology
Author(s) Saja Parvizian
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Al-Ghazālı̄ famously claims in the Incoherence of the Philosophers that al-Fārābī and Avicenna are unbelievers because they hold philosophical positions that conflict with Islam. What is less well-known, however, is that Averroës claims in the Decisive Treatise that al-Fārābī and Avicenna are not unbelievers; rather, al-Ghazālı̄ is the true unbeliever for writing the Incoherence of the Philosophers. In this paper, my aim is to present a sustained reconstruction of Averroës’ legal and philosophical argument for why al-Ghazālı̄ is an unbeliever. The crux of Averroës’ argument is that al-Ghazālı̄ has expressed false allegorical interpretations of scripture to unqualified persons, which has caused them to fall into unbelief. By being causally responsible for other people’s unbelief, al-Ghazālı̄ is an unbeliever as well.

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Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Talking about God, 2013
By: Mehmet Ata Az
Title Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Talking about God
Type Article
Language English
Date 2013
Journal Ilahiyat Studies
Volume 4
Issue 2
Pages 149-181
Categories Thomas, Theology
Author(s) Mehmet Ata Az
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Cienza y religión en Averroes, 2011
By: I. Maiza Ozcodi
Title Cienza y religión en Averroes
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2011
Journal La Ciudad de Dios
Volume 224
Issue 2
Pages 373–397
Categories Theology
Author(s) I. Maiza Ozcodi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Conceiving Religion: Al-Fârâbî and Averroes on the Concepts of “Millah” and “Sharîah”, 2016
By: Mustafa Yildiz
Title Conceiving Religion: Al-Fârâbî and Averroes on the Concepts of “Millah” and “Sharîah”
Type Article
Language English
Date 2016
Journal Journal of Islamic Philosophy
Volume 10
Pages 62–103
Categories al-Fārābī, Aristotle, Theology
Author(s) Mustafa Yildiz
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Creation and Science in the Middle Ages, 2007
By: William E. Carroll
Title Creation and Science in the Middle Ages
Type Article
Language English
Date 2007
Journal New Blackfriars
Volume 88
Issue 1018
Pages 678-689
Categories Aquinas, Avicenna, Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) William E. Carroll
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Des Mégariques aux Ashʿarites : le commentaire d’Averroès à Métaph. Θ 3, 2016
By: Ziad Bou Akl
Title Des Mégariques aux Ashʿarites : le commentaire d’Averroès à Métaph. Θ 3
Type Article
Language French
Date 2016
Journal Rursus
Volume 9
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics, Theology
Author(s) Ziad Bou Akl
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In his commentary on Metaphysics IX 3, Averroes draws an analogy between the Megarian conception of dunamis, presented and refuted by Aristotle, and that of the Ashʿarites theologians. The study of the Arabic translation of lemmatas of Aristotle’s text (1047a26-28) and of the reformulation by Averroes of the third argument against the Megarians shows a shift commanded by theological issues: since the omnipotence of God can now bypass natural powers, the question of who possess the power should be added to that of its sole possession.

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Descartes Contra Averroes?. The Problem of Faith and Reason in the Letter of Dedication to the Meditations, 1996
By: Abraham Anderson
Title Descartes Contra Averroes?. The Problem of Faith and Reason in the Letter of Dedication to the Meditations
Type Article
Language English
Date 1996
Journal Interpretation
Volume 23
Pages 209–221
Categories Theology
Author(s) Abraham Anderson
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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