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Ibn Rushd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Hafīd (Averroes), 2011
By: Taneli Kukkonen

Title	Ibn Rushd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Hafīd (Averroes)
Type	Book Section
Language	English
Date	2011
Published in	Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Philosophy between 500 and 1500
Pages	494–501
Categories	Biography, Surveys, Logic, Psychology, Cosmology, Metaphysics
Author(s)	Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

Averroes (1126–1198 CE) was the most famous and prolific commentator on Aristotle in all of medieval philosophy: 38 works are extant, at all levels of instruction. This concentration on Aristotle was not happenstance, instead, it reflects Averroes’ maturing philosophical outlook. For Averroes, Aristotle’s teaching came to represent the pinnacle of philosophical wisdom, and answers to all the most pressing problems in philosophy were to be found in a thorough and careful exploration of what that teaching truly implied. In the course of Averroes’ deepening investigations into Aristotelian lore, alternative interpretations were advanced and different traditions of thinking carefully laid side by side, producing a field guide to the Peripatetic tradition, as it was known to an Arabic scholar of the classical period. The resulting body of texts represents a high watermark in Aristotelian synthesis and systematization, even if Averroes failed in the end to resolve satisfactorily all the problems that had accumulated over the centuries. In addition to his Aristotelian Commentaries, Explications, and Compendia (which, besides Aristotle, encompassed works by Plato, Galen, Ptolemy, and al-Ġazālī), Averroes wrote smaller, independent essays and questions that explored contested issues in Aristotelian teaching; polemical works that argued the religious innocence and intellectual respectability of Peripatetic philosophy, correctly understood; and medical and legal treatises of solid but unspectacular standing. Averroes’ reputation was made in Latin Scholasticism and in Jewish circles of learning, while in the Arabic world his works fell mostly by the wayside. Today, his name is evoked in the Arabic world as a rallying-point for a rationalist Islam – a fitting legacy, if not always especially well grounded (modern-day Averroists displaying at best a cursory knowledge of the Commentator’s philosophy).

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Mind and Modal Judgment. Al-Ghazālī and Ibn Rushd on Conceivability and Possibility, 2006
By: Taneli Kukkonen

Title	Mind and Modal Judgment. Al-Ghazālī and Ibn Rushd on Conceivability and Possibility
Type	Book Section
Language	English
Date	2006
Published in	Mind and Modality. Studies in the History of Philosophy in Honour of Simo Knuutila
Pages	121–139
Categories	Logic, Metaphysics
Author(s)	Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes and the Teleological Argument, 2002
By: Taneli Kukkonen

Title	Averroes and the Teleological Argument
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	2002
Journal	Religious Studies
Volume	38
Pages	405–428
Categories	Metaphysics
Author(s)	Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

Online Access

https://www.jstor.org/stable/20008434

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Infinite Power and Plenitude. Two Traditions on the Necessity of the Eternal, 2002
By: Taneli Kukkonen

Title	Infinite Power and Plenitude. Two Traditions on the Necessity of the Eternal
Type	Book Section
Language	undefined
Date	2002
Published in	Medieval Philosophy and the Classical Tradition in Islam, Judaism and Christianity
Pages	183–201
Categories	Metaphysics
Author(s)	Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Possible Worlds in the Tahāfut al-tahāfut. Averroes on Plenitude and Possibility, 2000
By: Taneli Kukkonen

Title	Possible Worlds in the Tahāfut al-tahāfut. Averroes on Plenitude and Possibility
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	2000
Journal	Journal of the History of Philosophy
Volume	38
Issue	3
Pages	329–347
Categories	Metaphysics
Author(s)	Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Plenitude, Possibility, and the Limits of Reason. A Medieval Arabic Debate on the Metaphysics of Nature, 2000
By: Taneli Kukkonen

Title	Plenitude, Possibility, and the Limits of Reason. A Medieval Arabic Debate on the Metaphysics of Nature
Type	Article
Language	English
Date	2000
Journal	Journal of the History of Ideas
Volume	61
Pages	539–560
Categories	Metaphysics
Author(s)	Taneli Kukkonen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

Online Access	https://www.jstor.org/stable/3654068
DOI	https://doi.org/10.2307/3654068

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