| Title | Revisiting Averroes’ Influence on Western Philosophy |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 174-194 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Averroism, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Anthony Raphael Etuk |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Better known as Averroes, Ibn Rushd remains one of the greatest Islamic philosophical geniuses of all times. The unparalleled inventiveness of his mind and the ―audacity‖ of his methods are evident in many of his innovative philosophical activities, which tremendous stirred the minds of his contemporaries in the Middle Ages. Perhaps only a few would deny the far-reaching impacts of his profound philosophical activities and ideas on Western philosophy. Prominent among these are his unique status as a paramount guide to Aristotle, based on his influential and massive commentaries on Aristotle, and his strong arguments for the compatibility of philosophy with religion. These and more, have since established the depth of his ideas and his lasting relevance in Western philosophy history. This paper undertakes an exposition of his philosophical activities, to identify the impacts of his enduring legacies on Western philosophy. The expository and hermeneutical methods of analysis are adopted. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5559","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5559,"authors_free":[{"id":6453,"entry_id":5559,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Anthony Raphael Etuk","free_first_name":"Anthony Raphael ","free_last_name":"Etuk","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Revisiting Averroes\u2019 Influence on Western Philosophy","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Revisiting Averroes\u2019 Influence on Western Philosophy"},"abstract":"Better known as Averroes, Ibn Rushd remains one of the greatest \r\nIslamic philosophical geniuses of all times. The unparalleled \r\ninventiveness of his mind and the \u2015audacity\u2016 of his methods are evident \r\nin many of his innovative philosophical activities, which tremendous \r\nstirred the minds of his contemporaries in the Middle Ages. Perhaps \r\nonly a few would deny the far-reaching impacts of his profound \r\nphilosophical activities and ideas on Western philosophy. Prominent \r\namong these are his unique status as a paramount guide to Aristotle, \r\nbased on his influential and massive commentaries on Aristotle, and his \r\nstrong arguments for the compatibility of philosophy with religion. \r\nThese and more, have since established the depth of his ideas and his \r\nlasting relevance in Western philosophy history. This paper undertakes \r\nan exposition of his philosophical activities, to identify the impacts of \r\nhis enduring legacies on Western philosophy. The expository and \r\nhermeneutical methods of analysis are adopted.","btype":3,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5559,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research","volume":"19","issue":"1","pages":"174-194"}},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Averroes’ Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | mevzu |
| Volume | 5 |
| Pages | 39-66 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, De anima, Intellect |
| Author(s) | Musa Duman |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes was fully aware of the fact that Aristotle’s account of intellect as propounded in De Anima was incomplete. This meant that the key facet of Aristotle’s thought was fraught with gaps. Averroes made repeated attempts in his commentaries on De Anima to fill the gaps. The problem for Averroes was this: “if human beings are enmattered entities, how will anything more than sense perception be possible?” Averroes believes that finally in his Long Commentary on De Anima he has achieved a full and coherent account of thinking and understanding that centers on a new notion of the material intellect, according to which, together with the active intellect, there is also a distinct material intellect, numerically one for all human beings. The present article explores in detail this idea of material intellect. It is shown that material intellect, for Averroes, functions as the transpersonal, non-particular and non empirical subject required for the production and containment of universal meanings. The idea seems to aim at connecting consistently the embodied, sensible forms of human cognitive experience with the noetic, conceptual element of knowledge within a basically ontological account. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5573","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5573,"authors_free":[{"id":6467,"entry_id":5573,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":" Musa Duman","free_first_name":" Musa ","free_last_name":" Duman","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Averroes\u2019 Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes\u2019 Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle"},"abstract":"Averroes was fully aware of the fact that Aristotle\u2019s account of intellect \r\nas propounded in De Anima was incomplete. This meant that the key facet of \r\nAristotle\u2019s thought was fraught with gaps. Averroes made repeated attempts \r\nin his commentaries on De Anima to fill the gaps. The problem for Averroes \r\nwas this: \u201cif human beings are enmattered entities, how will anything more \r\nthan sense perception be possible?\u201d Averroes believes that finally in his Long \r\nCommentary on De Anima he has achieved a full and coherent account of thinking and understanding that centers on a new notion of the material intellect, according to which, together with the active intellect, there is also a distinct material intellect, numerically one for all human beings. The present article explores in detail this idea of material intellect. It is shown that material intellect, for Averroes, functions as the transpersonal, non-particular and non empirical subject required for the production and containment of universal meanings. The idea seems to aim at connecting consistently the embodied, sensible forms of human cognitive experience with the noetic, conceptual element of knowledge within a basically ontological account.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":" 10.5281\/zenodo.4604660","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":75,"category_name":"Intellect","link":"bib?categories[]=Intellect"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5573,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"mevzu","volume":" 5","issue":"","pages":"39-66"}},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante |
| Type | Article |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Labyrinth |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 209–231 |
| Categories | Politics, Aristotle, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Sabeen Ahmed |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In contemporary political discourse, the "clash of civilizations" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of "democracy" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would "inspire and declare any resistance to democracy" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante – in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced – and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"4995","_score":null,"_source":{"id":4995,"authors_free":[{"id":5729,"entry_id":4995,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Sabeen Ahmed","free_first_name":"Sabeen","free_last_name":"Ahmed","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante"},"abstract":"In contemporary political discourse, the \"clash of civilizations\" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of \"democracy\" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would \"inspire and declare any resistance to democracy\" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante \u2013 in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced \u2013 and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages.","btype":3,"date":"2016","language":null,"online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25180\/lj.v18i2.54","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":4995,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Labyrinth","volume":"18","issue":"2","pages":"209\u2013231"}},"sort":[2016]}
| Title | Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | International Journal of Islamic Thought |
| Volume | 8 |
| Pages | 13-16 |
| Categories | Intellect, Psychology, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | Davoud Zandi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect from Averroes’ perspective is an important and yet complicated part of his philosophy. His views on these issues are ambiguous since they are derived from the Aristotle’s theories which seem obscure in this regard. The aim of the present study is to discover Averroes’ final theory on the relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect and their connection to human soul. Reviewing various theories of Averroes on this issue, this study shows that despite ambiguity in his explanations, his final theory is that he believes these two intellects exist apart from human soul. Considering the relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect, he believes that in some aspects both of them are the same, yet they are different in some other aspects that is, regarding their acts, they are different because the active intellect acts as a creator of forms while the material intellect is just a receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material intellect achieves perfection through the active intellect |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5575","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5575,"authors_free":[{"id":6469,"entry_id":5575,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Davoud Zandi","free_first_name":"Davoud ","free_last_name":"Zandi","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes"},"abstract":"The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect from \r\nAverroes\u2019 perspective is an important and yet complicated part of his philosophy. \r\nHis views on these issues are ambiguous since they are derived from the Aristotle\u2019s \r\ntheories which seem obscure in this regard. The aim of the present study is to \r\ndiscover Averroes\u2019 final theory on the relationship between the material intellect \r\nand the active intellect and their connection to human soul. Reviewing various \r\ntheories of Averroes on this issue, this study shows that despite ambiguity in his \r\nexplanations, his final theory is that he believes these two intellects exist apart from \r\nhuman soul. Considering the relationship between the material intellect and the \r\nactive intellect, he believes that in some aspects both of them are the same, yet they \r\nare different in some other aspects that is, regarding their acts, they are different \r\nbecause the active intellect acts as a creator of forms while the material intellect is \r\njust a receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material \r\nintellect achieves perfection through the active intellect","btype":3,"date":"2015","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":75,"category_name":"Intellect","link":"bib?categories[]=Intellect"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5575,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"8","issue":"","pages":"13-16"}},"sort":[2015]}
| Title | The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued) |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 1963 |
| Journal | The Jewish Quarterly Review |
| Volume | 54 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 132-160 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Poetics, Transmission |
| Author(s) | J. B. Fischer |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/1453569 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.2307/1453569 |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5675","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5675,"authors_free":[{"id":6579,"entry_id":5675,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"J. B. Fischer","free_first_name":"J. B. ","free_last_name":"Fischer","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued)","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued)"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1963","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1453569","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1453569","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":40,"category_name":"Transmission","link":"bib?categories[]=Transmission"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5675,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"54","issue":"2","pages":" 132-160"}},"sort":[1963]}
| Averroes (Ibn Rushd) is well-known for his controversial thesis that there is only one separate intellect for all humankind. This article provides a detailed analysis of Averroes’s Unity Argument from his Long Commentary on De Anima, which argues from unified intelligible concepts to a single transcendent intellect. I set out the Unity Argument in its textual and philosophical context, explain exactly how the argument works on a new interpretation of its infinite regress (based on Averroes’s other assumptions about the mind-dependence of universals), and offer some brief suggestions as to how it might be further evaluated in light of alternative ancient and medieval theories. Ultimately, I demonstrate that the Unity Argument is Averroes’s most important philosophical argument for his distinctive view of intellect. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5013","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5013,"authors_free":[{"id":5749,"entry_id":5013,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Stephen R. Ogden","free_first_name":"Stephen R.","free_last_name":"Ogden","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Averroes\u2019s Unity Argument Against Multiple Intellects","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes\u2019s Unity Argument Against Multiple Intellects"},"abstract":"Averroes (Ibn Rushd) is well-known for his controversial thesis that there is only one separate intellect for all humankind. This article provides a detailed analysis of Averroes\u2019s Unity Argument from his Long Commentary on De Anima, which argues from unified intelligible concepts to a single transcendent intellect. I set out the Unity Argument in its textual and philosophical context, explain exactly how the argument works on a new interpretation of its infinite regress (based on Averroes\u2019s other assumptions about the mind-dependence of universals), and offer some brief suggestions as to how it might be further evaluated in light of alternative ancient and medieval theories. Ultimately, I demonstrate that the Unity Argument is Averroes\u2019s most important philosophical argument for his distinctive view of intellect.","btype":3,"date":"","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/agph-2018-0038","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5013,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Archiv f\u00fcr Geschichte der Philosophie","volume":"103","issue":"3","pages":"429\u2013454"}},"sort":[-9223372036854775808]}
| Title | Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Journal | International Journal of the Classical Tradition |
| Pages | 1-29 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aristotle, Poetics, Rhetoric, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Peter Makhlouf |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Judaeo-Arabic prophetology, as developed in the wake of Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy, was highly attentive to the kind of representational modes produced by divine revelation and their political use—but also their political precarity. By drawing on another corpus, less often discussed in this context, the Arabic commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics and Rhetoric, this study proposes to undertake a close analysis of how the medieval thinkers in question (Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides) understood the poetics of prophecy to function. What emerges is an account of how the political theo-logic of poetics and rhetoric—as developed with respect to terms such as imitation, imagination and visualization—came to play a central role in the theory of prophecy, and how that theory of prophecy in turn gave rise to an understanding of what Leo Strauss once termed the ‘literary character’ of these philosophers' ‘art of writing’. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5615","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5615,"authors_free":[{"id":6518,"entry_id":5615,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Peter Makhlouf","free_first_name":"Peter ","free_last_name":"Makhlouf","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss"},"abstract":"Judaeo-Arabic prophetology, as developed in the wake of Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy, was highly attentive to the kind of representational modes produced by divine revelation and their political use\u2014but also their political precarity. By drawing on another corpus, less often discussed in this context, the Arabic commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics and Rhetoric, this study proposes to undertake a close analysis of how the medieval thinkers in question (Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides) understood the poetics of prophecy to function. What emerges is an account of how the political theo-logic of poetics and rhetoric\u2014as developed with respect to terms such as imitation, imagination and visualization\u2014came to play a central role in the theory of prophecy, and how that theory of prophecy in turn gave rise to an understanding of what Leo Strauss once termed the \u2018literary character\u2019 of these philosophers' \u2018art of writing\u2019.","btype":3,"date":"","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12138-022-00632-8","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":9,"category_name":"Maimonides","link":"bib?categories[]=Maimonides"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":48,"category_name":"Rhetoric","link":"bib?categories[]=Rhetoric"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5615,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"International Journal of the Classical Tradition","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1-29"}},"sort":[-9223372036854775808]}
| Title | Averroes’ Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | mevzu |
| Volume | 5 |
| Pages | 39-66 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, De anima, Intellect |
| Author(s) | Musa Duman |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes was fully aware of the fact that Aristotle’s account of intellect as propounded in De Anima was incomplete. This meant that the key facet of Aristotle’s thought was fraught with gaps. Averroes made repeated attempts in his commentaries on De Anima to fill the gaps. The problem for Averroes was this: “if human beings are enmattered entities, how will anything more than sense perception be possible?” Averroes believes that finally in his Long Commentary on De Anima he has achieved a full and coherent account of thinking and understanding that centers on a new notion of the material intellect, according to which, together with the active intellect, there is also a distinct material intellect, numerically one for all human beings. The present article explores in detail this idea of material intellect. It is shown that material intellect, for Averroes, functions as the transpersonal, non-particular and non empirical subject required for the production and containment of universal meanings. The idea seems to aim at connecting consistently the embodied, sensible forms of human cognitive experience with the noetic, conceptual element of knowledge within a basically ontological account. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5573","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5573,"authors_free":[{"id":6467,"entry_id":5573,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":" Musa Duman","free_first_name":" Musa ","free_last_name":" Duman","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Averroes\u2019 Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes\u2019 Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle"},"abstract":"Averroes was fully aware of the fact that Aristotle\u2019s account of intellect \r\nas propounded in De Anima was incomplete. This meant that the key facet of \r\nAristotle\u2019s thought was fraught with gaps. Averroes made repeated attempts \r\nin his commentaries on De Anima to fill the gaps. The problem for Averroes \r\nwas this: \u201cif human beings are enmattered entities, how will anything more \r\nthan sense perception be possible?\u201d Averroes believes that finally in his Long \r\nCommentary on De Anima he has achieved a full and coherent account of thinking and understanding that centers on a new notion of the material intellect, according to which, together with the active intellect, there is also a distinct material intellect, numerically one for all human beings. The present article explores in detail this idea of material intellect. It is shown that material intellect, for Averroes, functions as the transpersonal, non-particular and non empirical subject required for the production and containment of universal meanings. The idea seems to aim at connecting consistently the embodied, sensible forms of human cognitive experience with the noetic, conceptual element of knowledge within a basically ontological account.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":" 10.5281\/zenodo.4604660","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":75,"category_name":"Intellect","link":"bib?categories[]=Intellect"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5573,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"mevzu","volume":" 5","issue":"","pages":"39-66"}},"sort":["Averroes\u2019 Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle"]}
| Averroes (Ibn Rushd) is well-known for his controversial thesis that there is only one separate intellect for all humankind. This article provides a detailed analysis of Averroes’s Unity Argument from his Long Commentary on De Anima, which argues from unified intelligible concepts to a single transcendent intellect. I set out the Unity Argument in its textual and philosophical context, explain exactly how the argument works on a new interpretation of its infinite regress (based on Averroes’s other assumptions about the mind-dependence of universals), and offer some brief suggestions as to how it might be further evaluated in light of alternative ancient and medieval theories. Ultimately, I demonstrate that the Unity Argument is Averroes’s most important philosophical argument for his distinctive view of intellect. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5013","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5013,"authors_free":[{"id":5749,"entry_id":5013,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Stephen R. Ogden","free_first_name":"Stephen R.","free_last_name":"Ogden","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Averroes\u2019s Unity Argument Against Multiple Intellects","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes\u2019s Unity Argument Against Multiple Intellects"},"abstract":"Averroes (Ibn Rushd) is well-known for his controversial thesis that there is only one separate intellect for all humankind. This article provides a detailed analysis of Averroes\u2019s Unity Argument from his Long Commentary on De Anima, which argues from unified intelligible concepts to a single transcendent intellect. I set out the Unity Argument in its textual and philosophical context, explain exactly how the argument works on a new interpretation of its infinite regress (based on Averroes\u2019s other assumptions about the mind-dependence of universals), and offer some brief suggestions as to how it might be further evaluated in light of alternative ancient and medieval theories. Ultimately, I demonstrate that the Unity Argument is Averroes\u2019s most important philosophical argument for his distinctive view of intellect.","btype":3,"date":"","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/agph-2018-0038","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5013,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Archiv f\u00fcr Geschichte der Philosophie","volume":"103","issue":"3","pages":"429\u2013454"}},"sort":["Averroes\u2019s Unity Argument Against Multiple Intellects"]}
| Title | Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Journal | International Journal of the Classical Tradition |
| Pages | 1-29 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aristotle, Poetics, Rhetoric, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Peter Makhlouf |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Judaeo-Arabic prophetology, as developed in the wake of Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy, was highly attentive to the kind of representational modes produced by divine revelation and their political use—but also their political precarity. By drawing on another corpus, less often discussed in this context, the Arabic commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics and Rhetoric, this study proposes to undertake a close analysis of how the medieval thinkers in question (Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides) understood the poetics of prophecy to function. What emerges is an account of how the political theo-logic of poetics and rhetoric—as developed with respect to terms such as imitation, imagination and visualization—came to play a central role in the theory of prophecy, and how that theory of prophecy in turn gave rise to an understanding of what Leo Strauss once termed the ‘literary character’ of these philosophers' ‘art of writing’. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5615","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5615,"authors_free":[{"id":6518,"entry_id":5615,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Peter Makhlouf","free_first_name":"Peter ","free_last_name":"Makhlouf","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss"},"abstract":"Judaeo-Arabic prophetology, as developed in the wake of Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy, was highly attentive to the kind of representational modes produced by divine revelation and their political use\u2014but also their political precarity. By drawing on another corpus, less often discussed in this context, the Arabic commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics and Rhetoric, this study proposes to undertake a close analysis of how the medieval thinkers in question (Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides) understood the poetics of prophecy to function. What emerges is an account of how the political theo-logic of poetics and rhetoric\u2014as developed with respect to terms such as imitation, imagination and visualization\u2014came to play a central role in the theory of prophecy, and how that theory of prophecy in turn gave rise to an understanding of what Leo Strauss once termed the \u2018literary character\u2019 of these philosophers' \u2018art of writing\u2019.","btype":3,"date":"","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12138-022-00632-8","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":9,"category_name":"Maimonides","link":"bib?categories[]=Maimonides"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":48,"category_name":"Rhetoric","link":"bib?categories[]=Rhetoric"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5615,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"International Journal of the Classical Tradition","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1-29"}},"sort":["Prophecy Between Poetics and Politics from Al-Farabi to Leo Strauss"]}
| Title | Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | International Journal of Islamic Thought |
| Volume | 8 |
| Pages | 13-16 |
| Categories | Intellect, Psychology, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | Davoud Zandi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect from Averroes’ perspective is an important and yet complicated part of his philosophy. His views on these issues are ambiguous since they are derived from the Aristotle’s theories which seem obscure in this regard. The aim of the present study is to discover Averroes’ final theory on the relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect and their connection to human soul. Reviewing various theories of Averroes on this issue, this study shows that despite ambiguity in his explanations, his final theory is that he believes these two intellects exist apart from human soul. Considering the relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect, he believes that in some aspects both of them are the same, yet they are different in some other aspects that is, regarding their acts, they are different because the active intellect acts as a creator of forms while the material intellect is just a receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material intellect achieves perfection through the active intellect |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5575","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5575,"authors_free":[{"id":6469,"entry_id":5575,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Davoud Zandi","free_first_name":"Davoud ","free_last_name":"Zandi","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes"},"abstract":"The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect from \r\nAverroes\u2019 perspective is an important and yet complicated part of his philosophy. \r\nHis views on these issues are ambiguous since they are derived from the Aristotle\u2019s \r\ntheories which seem obscure in this regard. The aim of the present study is to \r\ndiscover Averroes\u2019 final theory on the relationship between the material intellect \r\nand the active intellect and their connection to human soul. Reviewing various \r\ntheories of Averroes on this issue, this study shows that despite ambiguity in his \r\nexplanations, his final theory is that he believes these two intellects exist apart from \r\nhuman soul. Considering the relationship between the material intellect and the \r\nactive intellect, he believes that in some aspects both of them are the same, yet they \r\nare different in some other aspects that is, regarding their acts, they are different \r\nbecause the active intellect acts as a creator of forms while the material intellect is \r\njust a receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material \r\nintellect achieves perfection through the active intellect","btype":3,"date":"2015","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":75,"category_name":"Intellect","link":"bib?categories[]=Intellect"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5575,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"8","issue":"","pages":"13-16"}},"sort":["Rational Explanation of the Relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes"]}
| Title | Revisiting Averroes’ Influence on Western Philosophy |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 174-194 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Averroism, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Anthony Raphael Etuk |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Better known as Averroes, Ibn Rushd remains one of the greatest Islamic philosophical geniuses of all times. The unparalleled inventiveness of his mind and the ―audacity‖ of his methods are evident in many of his innovative philosophical activities, which tremendous stirred the minds of his contemporaries in the Middle Ages. Perhaps only a few would deny the far-reaching impacts of his profound philosophical activities and ideas on Western philosophy. Prominent among these are his unique status as a paramount guide to Aristotle, based on his influential and massive commentaries on Aristotle, and his strong arguments for the compatibility of philosophy with religion. These and more, have since established the depth of his ideas and his lasting relevance in Western philosophy history. This paper undertakes an exposition of his philosophical activities, to identify the impacts of his enduring legacies on Western philosophy. The expository and hermeneutical methods of analysis are adopted. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5559","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5559,"authors_free":[{"id":6453,"entry_id":5559,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Anthony Raphael Etuk","free_first_name":"Anthony Raphael ","free_last_name":"Etuk","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Revisiting Averroes\u2019 Influence on Western Philosophy","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Revisiting Averroes\u2019 Influence on Western Philosophy"},"abstract":"Better known as Averroes, Ibn Rushd remains one of the greatest \r\nIslamic philosophical geniuses of all times. The unparalleled \r\ninventiveness of his mind and the \u2015audacity\u2016 of his methods are evident \r\nin many of his innovative philosophical activities, which tremendous \r\nstirred the minds of his contemporaries in the Middle Ages. Perhaps \r\nonly a few would deny the far-reaching impacts of his profound \r\nphilosophical activities and ideas on Western philosophy. Prominent \r\namong these are his unique status as a paramount guide to Aristotle, \r\nbased on his influential and massive commentaries on Aristotle, and his \r\nstrong arguments for the compatibility of philosophy with religion. \r\nThese and more, have since established the depth of his ideas and his \r\nlasting relevance in Western philosophy history. This paper undertakes \r\nan exposition of his philosophical activities, to identify the impacts of \r\nhis enduring legacies on Western philosophy. The expository and \r\nhermeneutical methods of analysis are adopted.","btype":3,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5559,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research","volume":"19","issue":"1","pages":"174-194"}},"sort":["Revisiting Averroes\u2019 Influence on Western Philosophy"]}
| Title | The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante |
| Type | Article |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Labyrinth |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 209–231 |
| Categories | Politics, Aristotle, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Sabeen Ahmed |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In contemporary political discourse, the "clash of civilizations" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of "democracy" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would "inspire and declare any resistance to democracy" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante – in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced – and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"4995","_score":null,"_source":{"id":4995,"authors_free":[{"id":5729,"entry_id":4995,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Sabeen Ahmed","free_first_name":"Sabeen","free_last_name":"Ahmed","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante"},"abstract":"In contemporary political discourse, the \"clash of civilizations\" rhetoric often undergirds philosophical analyses of \"democracy\" both at home and abroad. This is nowhere better articulated than in Jacques Derrida's Rogues, in which he describes Islam as the only religious or theocratic culture that would \"inspire and declare any resistance to democracy\" (Derrida 2005, 29). Curiously, Derrida attributes the failings of democracy in Islam to the lack of reference to Aristotle's Politics in the writings of the medieval Muslim philosophers. This paper aims to analyze this gross misconception of Islamic philosophy and illuminate the thoroughgoing influence the Muslim philosophers had on their Christian successors, those who are so often credited as foundations of Western political philosophy. In so doing, I compare the ideal states presented by Averroes and Dante \u2013 in which Aristotelian influence is intimately interlaced \u2013 and offer an analysis thereof as heralds of what we might call the secularization of the political, inspiring those democratic values that Derrida believes to be absent in the rich philosophy of the Middle Ages.","btype":3,"date":"2016","language":null,"online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25180\/lj.v18i2.54","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":4995,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Labyrinth","volume":"18","issue":"2","pages":"209\u2013231"}},"sort":["The Genesis of Secular Politics in Medieval Philosophy: The King of Averroes and the Emperor of Dante"]}
| Title | The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued) |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 1963 |
| Journal | The Jewish Quarterly Review |
| Volume | 54 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 132-160 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Poetics, Transmission |
| Author(s) | J. B. Fischer |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/1453569 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.2307/1453569 |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5675","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5675,"authors_free":[{"id":6579,"entry_id":5675,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"J. B. Fischer","free_first_name":"J. B. ","free_last_name":"Fischer","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued)","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued)"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1963","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1453569","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1453569","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":40,"category_name":"Transmission","link":"bib?categories[]=Transmission"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5675,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"54","issue":"2","pages":" 132-160"}},"sort":["The Origin of Tripartite Division of Speech in Semitic Grammar (Continued)"]}