Category
Ibn Rushd’s Middle Commentary on the Poetics, or the Ethical Education, 2024
By: Frédérique Woerther
Title Ibn Rushd’s Middle Commentary on the Poetics, or the Ethical Education
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2024
Journal Journal of Islamic Ethics
Pages 1 - 25
Categories Poetics, Ethics, Logic
Author(s) Frédérique Woerther
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In his Talkhīṣ Kitāb Arisṭūṭālīs fī l-Shiʿr (“Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Poetics”) Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 595/1198) strictly defines poetic statements (al-aqāwīl al-shiʿriyya) as imaginative (mutakhayyila) statements that imitate the good and the evil, and aim at inciting people to virtue and deterring them from vice. Yet the traces of the Aristotelian ethical doctrine in this Commentary are not restricted to this link to virtue ethics, as the entire text follows at different levels the division between virtue/vice and good/evil. Ibn Rushd also refers to the teaching of ethics when discussing the object of poetic imitation (al-tashbīh wa-l-muḥākāt), the different natures he distinguishes among poets, and the genres of panegyric (madīḥ) and satire (hijāʾ). However, recent scholarship tends to view the Poetics in the Islamic context as a fundamentally logical treatise. Following the Alexandrian tradition, the falāsifa sought, at least since al-Fārābī (d. 339/950), to justify and explain the position of the Poetics in the Organon by defining, for example, the logical and psychological mechanisms of the poetical syllogism. More specifically, philosophers drew parallels between the role of imagination (takhayyul) in the poetical context and the role of assent or conviction (taṣdīq) in the other logical arts, and in particular in the Rhetoric (al-Khiṭāba). The purpose of this contribution is to demonstrate that the Poetics, according to Ibn Rushd, is a treatise that combines logic and ethics and determines in that respect the conditions and the rules of a practical education of the citizens. Like the rhetoric whose political value was already determined, poetics also plays a role in defining the nature and the content of the poetical statements that are to be employed in order to encourage people to virtuous actions – that is, the very condition for a virtuous political, and thus, a happy life. Straddling between logic and ethics, poetry is therefore fundamentally political.

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Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary, 2022
By: Alexander Orwin (Ed.)
Title Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary
Type Edited Book
Language English
Date 2022
Publisher Boydell & Brewer
Categories al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Logic, Theology, Politics, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Alexander Orwin
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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شري ما بعد الطبيعة قي ضوء منطق أرسطو: نظرية البرهان الفلسفي عند إبن رشد , 2022
By: Youssef ben Addi
Title شري ما بعد الطبيعة قي ضوء منطق أرسطو: نظرية البرهان الفلسفي عند إبن رشد
Type Monograph
Language Arabic
Date 2022
Publication Place Qatar
Publisher المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies
Categories Metaphysics, Logic, Aristotle
Author(s) Youssef ben Addi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès grammairien, 2022
By: Jean-Patrick Guillaume
Title Averroès grammairien
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal Histoire Épistémologie Langage
Volume 44
Issue 2
Pages S. 127-142
Categories Linguistics, Logic
Author(s) Jean-Patrick Guillaume
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The short treatise on Arabic grammar by Averroes (Ibn Rušd) entitled Al-Ḍarūrī fī ṣināˁat al-naḥw (“The Indispensable in the Art of Grammar”) is of considerable interest for the history of linguistic ideas. Although Averroes does not challenge the basic postulates and aims of traditional grammar, he adopts a more universalistic stance, and shows himself strongly critical of the grammarians, whom he reproaches with following an insufficiently rigorous method. This leads him, however, to raise a fundamental issue, already pointed out by Fārābī, the lack of a syntactic component in the traditional theory, and to put forth a quite original solution, reducing all possible constructions to two main types, predicative (tarkīb iḫbār) and determinative (tarkīb taqyīd).

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Keunggulan Metode Demonstratif Terhadap Metode Retorika Dan Dialektika: Menguak Metode Kritik Filsafat Ibn Rusyd, 2022
By: Raha Bistara
Title Keunggulan Metode Demonstratif Terhadap Metode Retorika Dan Dialektika: Menguak Metode Kritik Filsafat Ibn Rusyd
Type Article
Language Indonesian
Date 2022
Journal Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama
Volume 16
Issue 2
Pages 71-92
Categories Logic, Method, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Raha Bistara
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article shows how the demonstrative method (burhani) is more superior to rhetoric (khatabbi) and dialectic method (jaddali), the use of the demonstrative method is based on the utilization of the mind. Ibn Rusyd stated that the demonstrative method is considered the right method for seeking the answers above the questions on the subject of religion and philosophy. However, it is not amazed Ibn Rusyd used a demonstrative method to criticize the Mutakallimun Ash’ariyah and his followers especially Imam Al-Ghazali. Ibn Rusyd also criticized Ibn sina and Zahiriyah group with the method they used. There was confusion for the answer to who they presented regarding religious and philosophical problems. While there were many problems with their views especially in their books. This article used the library research method which uses literature either in the form of books, or notes from previous research reports. While the sources of this research there are two sources as primary source and secondary sources. This result of this research revealed that Ibn Rushd’s philosophy critical method from authentic sources related to the problem. Although, by the use of various sources used, it is hoped there will be a new finding related to demonstrative method initiated by Ibn Rushd in refuting the arguments of rhetorical and dialectical groups which are not deep, explicit, and simple. As well as providing the new formulas that are fresher and more varied concerning the answer about the problems of religion and philosophy.

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Medizin und Logik. Galen, al-Farabi, Maimonides und Averroes, 2022
By: Carl Ehrig-Eggert
Title Medizin und Logik. Galen, al-Farabi, Maimonides und Averroes
Type Article
Language German
Date 2022
Journal Zeitschrift für Geschichte der arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften
Volume 23
Pages 225 - 258
Categories Medicine, Logic
Author(s) Carl Ehrig-Eggert
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd on Knowledge, Pleasures, and Analogy, 2021
By: Fouad Ben Ahmed
Title Ibn Rushd on Knowledge, Pleasures, and Analogy
Type Article
Language English
Date 2021
Journal Philosophy and Scienes in Muslim Contexts
Categories Logic, Psychology, Metaphysics, Poetics, Rhetoric
Author(s) Fouad Ben Ahmed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Alexander of Aphrodisias in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 2021
By: Pietro B. Rossi (Ed.), Matteo Di Giovanni (Ed.), Andrea A. Robiglio (Ed.)
Title Alexander of Aphrodisias in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
Type Edited Book
Language undefined
Date 2021
Publication Place Turnhout
Publisher Brepols
Series Studia artistarum
Volume 45
Categories Aristotle, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Albert, Avicenna, Renaissance, Metaphysics, Logic
Author(s) Pietro B. Rossi , Matteo Di Giovanni , Andrea A. Robiglio
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The greatest ancient interpreter of Aristotle, Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. 200 AD) exerted a profound and enduring influence upon philosophy from Boethius until the modern era. Alexander’s interpretations laid the foundation for multiple philosophical views which were promoted as quintessentially Aristotelian by both Islamic and Latin thinkers throughout the Middle Ages. In the Renaissance, the University of Padua, a leading center of philosophical education and thought, established a scholarly tradition named “Alexandrinism” after him.

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"‫القياس المصلحي عند ابن رشد الحفيد وأثره في تعليل الخلاف الفقهي من خلال كتابه "بداية المجتهد ونهاية المقتصد, 2021
By: ʻAbd Alhalīm Alqabī
Title "‫القياس المصلحي عند ابن رشد الحفيد وأثره في تعليل الخلاف الفقهي من خلال كتابه "بداية المجتهد ونهاية المقتصد
Transcription al-qiyās al-maṣlaḥy ʻnd Ibn Rushd al-ḥafyd wa āthrh fy taʻlīl al-khilāf al-fiqhy min khilāl kitābh "bidāya al-mujtihad wa bihāya al-muqtaṣid"
Translation The governmental measure in Ibn Rushd, the grandson, and his impact in the reasoning of legal controversy in his book "bidāya al-mujtihad wa bihāya al-muqtaṣid"
Type Monograph
Language Arabic
Date 2021
Publication Place Fès
Publisher Al-muwalaf
Categories Law, Logic
Author(s) ʻAbd Alhalīm Alqabī
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5383","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5383,"authors_free":[{"id":6235,"entry_id":5383,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"\u02bbAbd Alhal\u012bm Alqab\u012b","free_first_name":"\u02bbAbd Alhal\u012bm ","free_last_name":"Alqab\u012b","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"\"\u202b\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \"\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u062f","title_transcript":"al-qiy\u0101s al-ma\u1e63la\u1e25y \u02bbnd Ibn Rushd al-\u1e25afyd wa \u0101thrh fy ta\u02bbl\u012bl al-khil\u0101f al-fiqhy min khil\u0101l kit\u0101bh \"bid\u0101ya al-mujtihad wa bih\u0101ya al-muqta\u1e63id\"","title_translation":"The governmental measure in Ibn Rushd, the grandson, and his impact in the reasoning of legal controversy in his book \"bid\u0101ya al-mujtihad wa bih\u0101ya al-muqta\u1e63id\"","main_title":{"title":"\"\u202b\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \"\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u062f"},"abstract":"","btype":1,"date":"2021","language":"Arabic","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":27,"category_name":"Logic","link":"bib?categories[]=Logic"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":{"id":5383,"pubplace":"F\u00e8s","publisher":"Al-muwalaf","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":[2021]}

İbn Rüşd'de Bilimsel Kanıtlama Yöntemi, 2020
By: Haci Kaya
Title İbn Rüşd'de Bilimsel Kanıtlama Yöntemi
Type Article
Language Turkish
Date 2020
Journal Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences
Volume 23
Pages 27-86
Categories Logic, Commentary
Author(s) Haci Kaya
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes wrote small, medium, and magnum commentaries on the Posterior Analytics, which is translated and commented many times until the 12th century, and also originated in original studies. Averroes has established the demonstration once again with his medium and magnum commentaries that are named Talkhis al-Burhan and Sharh al-Burhan/Tafsir al-Burhan, which have been largely successful in reflecting the authenticity of the Posterior Analytics, by placing the demonstration at the center of both his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy. The demonstration, in five arts which are an art encompassing human knowledge types and a method of obtaining these types of knowledge, refers to a method of scientific demonstration that builds the theoretical framework of definitive scientific knowledge. This scientific demonstrative method, which Averroes put at the center of his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy, corresponds to a scientific method that can be called “the inductive-deductive method” based on induction.

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"‫القياس المصلحي عند ابن رشد الحفيد وأثره في تعليل الخلاف الفقهي من خلال كتابه "بداية المجتهد ونهاية المقتصد, 2021
By: ʻAbd Alhalīm Alqabī
Title "‫القياس المصلحي عند ابن رشد الحفيد وأثره في تعليل الخلاف الفقهي من خلال كتابه "بداية المجتهد ونهاية المقتصد
Transcription al-qiyās al-maṣlaḥy ʻnd Ibn Rushd al-ḥafyd wa āthrh fy taʻlīl al-khilāf al-fiqhy min khilāl kitābh "bidāya al-mujtihad wa bihāya al-muqtaṣid"
Translation The governmental measure in Ibn Rushd, the grandson, and his impact in the reasoning of legal controversy in his book "bidāya al-mujtihad wa bihāya al-muqtaṣid"
Type Monograph
Language Arabic
Date 2021
Publication Place Fès
Publisher Al-muwalaf
Categories Law, Logic
Author(s) ʻAbd Alhalīm Alqabī
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A propos de trois anciennes éditions latines d'Aristote avec commentaires d'Averroès. Dont les incunables GW 2340/3106; IGI 796/1106, 2005
By: Roland Hissette
Title A propos de trois anciennes éditions latines d'Aristote avec commentaires d'Averroès. Dont les incunables GW 2340/3106; IGI 796/1106
Type Article
Language French
Date 2005
Journal Miscellanea Bibliothecae Apostolicae Vaticanae
Volume 12
Pages 181–238
Categories Logic, Latin Averroism, Aristotle
Author(s) Roland Hissette
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Al-Fārābī, Averroès. Conversation et démonstration, 2007
By: Ali Benmakhlouf
Title Al-Fārābī, Averroès. Conversation et démonstration
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 2007
Published in Averroes et les Averroïsmes juif et latin. Actes du Colloque International. Paris, 16–18 juin 2005
Pages 151–160
Categories al-Fārābī, Logic
Author(s) Ali Benmakhlouf
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Alexander of Aphrodisias in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 2021
By: Pietro B. Rossi (Ed.), Matteo Di Giovanni (Ed.), Andrea A. Robiglio (Ed.)
Title Alexander of Aphrodisias in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
Type Edited Book
Language undefined
Date 2021
Publication Place Turnhout
Publisher Brepols
Series Studia artistarum
Volume 45
Categories Aristotle, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Albert, Avicenna, Renaissance, Metaphysics, Logic
Author(s) Pietro B. Rossi , Matteo Di Giovanni , Andrea A. Robiglio
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The greatest ancient interpreter of Aristotle, Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. 200 AD) exerted a profound and enduring influence upon philosophy from Boethius until the modern era. Alexander’s interpretations laid the foundation for multiple philosophical views which were promoted as quintessentially Aristotelian by both Islamic and Latin thinkers throughout the Middle Ages. In the Renaissance, the University of Padua, a leading center of philosophical education and thought, established a scholarly tradition named “Alexandrinism” after him.

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Arabic Logic from al-Fârâbî to Averroes: A Study of the Early Arabic Categorical, Modal, and Hypothetical Syllogistics, 2019
By: Saloua Chatti
Title Arabic Logic from al-Fârâbî to Averroes: A Study of the Early Arabic Categorical, Modal, and Hypothetical Syllogistics
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 2019
Publication Place Basel
Publisher Birkhäuser
Categories Logic, Aristotle, Influence
Author(s) Saloua Chatti
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This monograph explores the logical systems of early logicians in the Arabic tradition from a theoretical perspective, providing a complete panorama of early Arabic logic and centering it within an expansive historical context. By thoroughly examining the writings of the first Arabic logicians, al-Fārābī, Avicenna and Averroes, the author analyzes their respective theories, discusses their relationship to the syllogistics of Aristotle and his followers, and measures their influence on later logical systems. Beginning with an introduction to the writings of the most prominent Arabic logicians, the author scrutinizes these works to determine their categorical logic, as well as their modal and hypothetical logics. Where most other studies written on this subject focus on the Arabic logicians’ epistemology, metaphysics, and theology, this volume takes a unique approach by focusing on the actual technical aspects and features of their logics. The author then moves on to examine the original texts as closely as possible and employs the symbolism of modern propositional, predicate, and modal logics, rendering the arguments of each logician clearly and precisely while clarifying the theories themselves in order to determine the differences between the Arabic logicians’ systems and those of Aristotle. By providing a detailed examination of theories that are still not very well-known in Western countries, the author is able to assess the improvements that can be found in the Arabic writings, and to situate Arabic logic within the breadth of the history of logic. This unique study will appeal mainly to historians of logic, logicians, and philosophers who seek a better understanding of the Arabic tradition. It also will be of interest to modern logicians who wish to delve into the historical aspects and progression of their discipline. Furthermore, this book will serve as a valuable resource for graduate students who wish to complement their general knowledge of Arabic culture, logic, and sciences.

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Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes Commentary, 2001
By: Salim Kemal
Title Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes Commentary
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Journal of Value Inquiry
Volume 35
Issue 3
Pages 391-412
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Poetics, Logic
Author(s) Salim Kemal
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotle’s Categories in the Byzantine, Arabic and Latin Traditions, 2013
By: Sten Ebbesen (Ed.), John Marenbon (Ed.), Paul Thom (Ed.)
Title Aristotle’s Categories in the Byzantine, Arabic and Latin Traditions
Type Edited Book
Language undefined
Date 2013
Publication Place Copenhagen
Publisher Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab
Series Scientia Danica, Series H, Humanistica, 8; Publications of the Centre for the Aristotelian Tradition
Volume 5 respectively 2
Categories Aristotle, Logic, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Sten Ebbesen , John Marenbon , Paul Thom
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes and the Logical Status of Metaphysics, 2011
By: Matteo Di Giovanni
Title Averroes and the Logical Status of Metaphysics
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2011
Published in Methods and Methodologies. Aristotelian Logic East and West, 500-1500
Pages 53–74
Categories Metaphysics, Logic
Author(s) Matteo Di Giovanni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes on the Doctrine of Genus as Matter, 2004
By: Matteo Di Giovanni
Title Averroes on the Doctrine of Genus as Matter
Type Article
Language English
Date 2004
Journal Documenti e Studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 15
Pages 255–285
Categories Metaphysics, Logic
Author(s) Matteo Di Giovanni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry, 2015
By: Francesca Forte
Title Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry
Type Article
Language English
Date 2015
Journal Quaestio
Volume 15
Pages 287–296
Categories Aristotle, Poetics, Commentary, Logic, Politics
Author(s) Francesca Forte
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The theme of the pleasure of knowledge is central in Averroes’ aesthetical reflection of Aristotle’s Poetics, regardless whether we side with the logical or with the moral interpretation. The first one stresses the continuity between Averroes and previous commentators in his attempt to reconstruct the Poetics as an integral part of the Logic itself, whereby poetic discourse is conceived as a form of reasoning based on syllogisms. According to the latter perspective, however, pleasure is central in that poetry is a tool towards the pursuit of happiness: in this perspective it is necessary to bear in mind some common themes present in other works by Averroes (particularly in the commentaries on the Aristotelian Organon – and especially the commentary on the Rhetoric –, in the commentaries on Plato’s Republic, and, last but not least, in the Decisive Treatise). The pleasure of contemplative knowledge must go hand in hand with the pursuit of communal happiness and therefore with the good and proper order of community and society. Poetry represents a central tool towards this aim in that it expresses moral truths which cannot not be communicated (to everybody) by means of logic and philosophy alone.

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