Substances in Subjects: Instantiation and Existence in Avicenna, 2022
By: Nathaniel B. Taylor
Title Substances in Subjects: Instantiation and Existence in Avicenna
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, Journal of the American Catholic Philosophical Association
Volume 96
Issue 3
Pages 453-471
Categories Avicenna, Tradition and Reception, Metaphysics
Author(s) Nathaniel B. Taylor
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In an effort to refute Avicenna’s real distinction between essence and existence, Averroes argues for an Instantiation Analysis of existence which thinks of existence not as an accidental addition to an essence, but rather as the recognition that there is an instance in extramental reality which matches a concept in the mind of a knower. In this study, I argue that Averroes’s Instantiation Analysis fails to refute Avicenna’s real distinction by showing that Avicenna himself endorses the Instantiation Analysis and, in fact, makes use of it to motivate his real distinction. To show this, I review several texts where Avicenna makes the puzzling claim that substances are found to be in subjects. These texts reveal how Avicenna discovers the real distinction with Aristotle’s help—not, as Averroes relates, against the view of Aristotle.

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La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiación aristotélico-averroísta, 2019
By: Fernanda Ocampo
Title La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiación aristotélico-averroísta
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2019
Journal Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía
Volume 36
Issue 3
Pages 659–681
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Avicenna, Tradition and Reception, Latin Averroism, Thomas
Author(s) Fernanda Ocampo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The Aristotelian text Metaphysics IV, 2, and the interpretations carried out by the Muslim philosophers, i.e., Avicenna and Averroes, constitute the theoretical framework in which several Latin authors of the second half of the 13th century from the University of Paris, who have taken a stance around the question of the ‘real distinction’ between esse and essentia, elaborated their doctrines about transcendentals. According to this, our work seeks to trace the dependence of Dietrich’s general doctrine of the transcendentals, with respect to the theses established by Aristotle in the mentioned text, and in particular, with regard to the Averroist reading – critical of that of Avicenna’s –, which “has made school” in the Parisian environment, especially among the teachers and students of the Faculty of Arts, but also, first, in Thomas Aquinas. Thus, in light of this scenario of readings and interpretations, we will seek to delimit the central features of the Theodorian conception of the communia, pointing out the possible differences or coincidences with respect to the doctrines of these preceding authors.

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Ibn Sînâ and Ibn Rushd on Essence and Existence: A Critical Analysis, 2019
By: Ahmad Ahmadi
Title Ibn Sînâ and Ibn Rushd on Essence and Existence: A Critical Analysis
Type Article
Language English
Date 2019
Journal Ishraq
Volume 9
Pages 13–22
Categories Avicenna, Metaphysics, Ontology
Author(s) Ahmad Ahmadi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A reference to al-Fârâbî’s Kitâb al-hurûf in Averroes’ critique of Avicenna (Tahâfut al-Tahâfut, 371,5-372,12 Bouyges), 2014
By: Cecilia Martini Bonadeo
Title A reference to al-Fârâbî’s Kitâb al-hurûf in Averroes’ critique of Avicenna (Tahâfut al-Tahâfut, 371,5-372,12 Bouyges)
Type Article
Language English
Date 2014
Journal Studi Magrebini
Volume 12-13
Pages 433-452
Categories al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Commentary, Metaphysics
Author(s) Cecilia Martini Bonadeo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Al-Fārābī’s Book of Letters (Kitāb al-ḥurūf) and the analyses devoted in this text to the terminology of “being” are authoritative references for Averroes from the epitomes of his youth to his mature treatises. Also the Farabian doctrine of the conventionality of the natural language plays a role in Averroes’ thought. This paper discusses the Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, (pp.371,5-372.12 Bouyges), where Averroes has recourse to the Book of Letters in criticizing Avicenna’s distinction between essence and existence. Averroes explicitly mentions the title of the work and recalls a passage from the fifteenth chapter. This passage had already inspired him in the Epitome on Metaphysics, where Averroes did not mention explicitly his source, but followed in al-Fārābī’s footsteps as for the analysis of the uses of “being”. Averroes uses tacitly the same passage also in his Commentary on Metaphysics Delta 7.

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Arabic/Islamic Philosophy in Thomas Aquinas’s Conception of the Beatific Vision in IV Sent., D. 49, Q. 2, A.1, 2012
By: Richard C. Taylor
Title Arabic/Islamic Philosophy in Thomas Aquinas’s Conception of the Beatific Vision in IV Sent., D. 49, Q. 2, A.1
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal The Thomist
Volume 76
Issue 4
Pages 509–550
Categories Metaphysics, al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Avicenna, Alexander of Aphrodisias
Author(s) Richard C. Taylor
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baġdādī's Reception of Book Beta of Aristotle's Metaphysics against the Background of the Competing Readings by Avicenna and Averroes, 2010
By: Cecilia Martini Bonadeo
Title ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baġdādī's Reception of Book Beta of Aristotle's Metaphysics against the Background of the Competing Readings by Avicenna and Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2010
Journal Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 21
Pages 411–431
Categories Metaphysics, Commentary, Avicenna
Author(s) Cecilia Martini Bonadeo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This study is devoted to the Arabic reception of Metaphysics Beta in the Book on the Science of Metaphysics by ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baġdādī (1162–1231). After a brief overview of Aristotle's scope in Beta, of its Arabic direct tradition and of the competing readings devoted to it by Avicenna and Averroes, I present ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baġdādī's paraphrase. I focus on the concept of metaphysics as a science that stands out from it: metaphysics owes its leading role to the fact that it studies beings qua beings, it demonstrates the principles of particular sciences and inquiries into the first principle: it is ontology, universal science, first philosophy and theology. ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baġdādī gathers all the results of the science of metaphysics produced befoe him and transmitted through the schools' milieu. Al-Kindī and al-Fārābī cooperate to this end without any perception on ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baġdādī's part that a problem might arise: in ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baġdādī's view, the 'theologizing' interpretation of greek metaphysics and al-Fārābī's distinction bewteen theology and ontology coexist.

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Intentionality in Medieval Arabic Philosophy, 2010
By: Deborah L. Black
Title Intentionality in Medieval Arabic Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 2010
Journal Quaestio
Volume 10
Pages 65-81
Categories Avicenna, Psychology, Metaphysics, Linguistics
Author(s) Deborah L. Black
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
It has long been a truism of the history of philosophy that intentionality is an invention of the medieval period, and within this standard narrative, the central place of Arabic philosophy has always been acknowledged. Yet there are many misconceptions surrounding the theories of intentionality advanced by the two main Arabic thinkers whose works were available to the West, Avicenna and Averroes. In the first part of this paper I offer an overview of the general accounts of intentionality and intentional being found in the linguistic, psychological, and metaphysical writings of Avicenna and Averroes, and I trace the terminology of “intentions” to a neglected passage from Avicenna’s logic. In the second part of the paper I examine the way that Avicenna and Averroes apply their general theories of intentionality to the realm of sense perception. I offer an explanation of why Avicenna might have chosen to denominate the objects of the internal sense faculty of estimation as “intentions”, and I explore the implications of Averroes’s decision to attribute intentionality to the external senses and the media of perception.

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Generazione verticale, generazione orizzontale: il principio di sinonimia nel Commento grande di Averroè al Libro Z della Metafisica di Aristotle, 2009
By: Cristina Cerami
Title Generazione verticale, generazione orizzontale: il principio di sinonimia nel Commento grande di Averroè al Libro Z della Metafisica di Aristotle
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2009
Journal Chôra. Revue d’Études anciennes et médiévales
Volume 7-8
Issue 2009-2010
Pages 133-62
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, Metaphysics, Avicenna
Author(s) Cristina Cerami
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Le but de cet article est d’analyser l’interprétation qu’Averroès propose de l’étude de la génération spontanée développée par Aristote dans le chapitre 9 du livre Z de la Métaphysique et montrer que pour Averroès le véritable enjeu de cette étude est celui de démontrer que l’agent et le produit de la génération ont une même forme. C’est cette thèse, en effet, qui d’après le Cordouan permet en dernière instance d’instaurer entre le monde céleste et le monde terrestre une causalité, pour ainsi dire, «perpendiculaire» qui sauve à la fois l’efficacité des causes secondes et celle de la cause première qui agit par l’intermédiaire des causes célestes. Ce nouveau cadre cosmologico-ontologique apparaît manifestement comme le produit d’une stratégie menée directement contre Avicenne, car le but ultime d’Averroès est de substituer sa propre théorie de l’Artisan divin à la théorie platonicienne de la création démiurgique, à laquelle il assimile la théorie avicennienne d’une donation des formes par une Intelligence cosmique.

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Avicenna and Averroes on the Proof of God's Existence and the Subject-Matter of Metaphysics, 2007
By: Amos Bertolacci
Title Avicenna and Averroes on the Proof of God's Existence and the Subject-Matter of Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2007
Journal Medioevo. Rivista di storia della filosofia medievale
Volume 32
Pages 61–79
Categories Avicenna, Metaphysics
Author(s) Amos Bertolacci
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Creation and Science in the Middle Ages, 2007
By: William E. Carroll
Title Creation and Science in the Middle Ages
Type Article
Language English
Date 2007
Journal New Blackfriars
Volume 88
Issue 1018
Pages 678-689
Categories Aquinas, Avicenna, Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) William E. Carroll
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A reference to al-Fârâbî’s Kitâb al-hurûf in Averroes’ critique of Avicenna (Tahâfut al-Tahâfut, 371,5-372,12 Bouyges), 2014
By: Cecilia Martini Bonadeo
Title A reference to al-Fârâbî’s Kitâb al-hurûf in Averroes’ critique of Avicenna (Tahâfut al-Tahâfut, 371,5-372,12 Bouyges)
Type Article
Language English
Date 2014
Journal Studi Magrebini
Volume 12-13
Pages 433-452
Categories al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Commentary, Metaphysics
Author(s) Cecilia Martini Bonadeo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Al-Fārābī’s Book of Letters (Kitāb al-ḥurūf) and the analyses devoted in this text to the terminology of “being” are authoritative references for Averroes from the epitomes of his youth to his mature treatises. Also the Farabian doctrine of the conventionality of the natural language plays a role in Averroes’ thought. This paper discusses the Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, (pp.371,5-372.12 Bouyges), where Averroes has recourse to the Book of Letters in criticizing Avicenna’s distinction between essence and existence. Averroes explicitly mentions the title of the work and recalls a passage from the fifteenth chapter. This passage had already inspired him in the Epitome on Metaphysics, where Averroes did not mention explicitly his source, but followed in al-Fārābī’s footsteps as for the analysis of the uses of “being”. Averroes uses tacitly the same passage also in his Commentary on Metaphysics Delta 7.

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Arabic/Islamic Philosophy in Thomas Aquinas’s Conception of the Beatific Vision in IV Sent., D. 49, Q. 2, A.1, 2012
By: Richard C. Taylor
Title Arabic/Islamic Philosophy in Thomas Aquinas’s Conception of the Beatific Vision in IV Sent., D. 49, Q. 2, A.1
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal The Thomist
Volume 76
Issue 4
Pages 509–550
Categories Metaphysics, al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Avicenna, Alexander of Aphrodisias
Author(s) Richard C. Taylor
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Avicenna and Averroes on the Proof of God's Existence and the Subject-Matter of Metaphysics, 2007
By: Amos Bertolacci
Title Avicenna and Averroes on the Proof of God's Existence and the Subject-Matter of Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2007
Journal Medioevo. Rivista di storia della filosofia medievale
Volume 32
Pages 61–79
Categories Avicenna, Metaphysics
Author(s) Amos Bertolacci
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Creation and Science in the Middle Ages, 2007
By: William E. Carroll
Title Creation and Science in the Middle Ages
Type Article
Language English
Date 2007
Journal New Blackfriars
Volume 88
Issue 1018
Pages 678-689
Categories Aquinas, Avicenna, Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) William E. Carroll
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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D'Avicenne à Averroès, et retour. Sur les sources arabes de la théorie scolastique de l'un transcendantal, 1994
By: Alain de Libera
Title D'Avicenne à Averroès, et retour. Sur les sources arabes de la théorie scolastique de l'un transcendantal
Type Article
Language French
Date 1994
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 4
Pages 141–179
Categories Metaphysics, Avicenna
Author(s) Alain de Libera
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The scholastic doctrine of transcendentals is inherited from Arabic philosophy to a certain extent. This dependance is clearly illustrated in the construction of the problematic of the transcendental one, which is identical with being, and of the numerical one, which is not. The scholastic discussion as a whole reproduces the major themes of Avicenna's position, then of Averroes' criticism of Avicenna. This article attempts to reconstruct the complex of questions, topics, and arguments which constitute this problematic by tracing its evolution through the analysis of anonymous sophismata and of texts by Nicholas of Paris, Roger Bacon, Albert the Great, and James of Viterbo. Two stages are distinguished: the first is centered on the distinction between the transcendental and numerical one; the second, essentially German (Dietrich of Freiberg and Berthold of Moosburg), is centered on the subordination of the Aristotelian to the Platonic concept of the transcendental one. Along the way, it is shown that, with the exception of the German philosophers, the understanding of Avicenna's position is constantly filtered through Averroes' interpretation.

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Generazione verticale, generazione orizzontale: il principio di sinonimia nel Commento grande di Averroè al Libro Z della Metafisica di Aristotle, 2009
By: Cristina Cerami
Title Generazione verticale, generazione orizzontale: il principio di sinonimia nel Commento grande di Averroè al Libro Z della Metafisica di Aristotle
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2009
Journal Chôra. Revue d’Études anciennes et médiévales
Volume 7-8
Issue 2009-2010
Pages 133-62
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, Metaphysics, Avicenna
Author(s) Cristina Cerami
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Le but de cet article est d’analyser l’interprétation qu’Averroès propose de l’étude de la génération spontanée développée par Aristote dans le chapitre 9 du livre Z de la Métaphysique et montrer que pour Averroès le véritable enjeu de cette étude est celui de démontrer que l’agent et le produit de la génération ont une même forme. C’est cette thèse, en effet, qui d’après le Cordouan permet en dernière instance d’instaurer entre le monde céleste et le monde terrestre une causalité, pour ainsi dire, «perpendiculaire» qui sauve à la fois l’efficacité des causes secondes et celle de la cause première qui agit par l’intermédiaire des causes célestes. Ce nouveau cadre cosmologico-ontologique apparaît manifestement comme le produit d’une stratégie menée directement contre Avicenne, car le but ultime d’Averroès est de substituer sa propre théorie de l’Artisan divin à la théorie platonicienne de la création démiurgique, à laquelle il assimile la théorie avicennienne d’une donation des formes par une Intelligence cosmique.

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Ibn Sînâ and Ibn Rushd on Essence and Existence: A Critical Analysis, 2019
By: Ahmad Ahmadi
Title Ibn Sînâ and Ibn Rushd on Essence and Existence: A Critical Analysis
Type Article
Language English
Date 2019
Journal Ishraq
Volume 9
Pages 13–22
Categories Avicenna, Metaphysics, Ontology
Author(s) Ahmad Ahmadi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Intentionality in Medieval Arabic Philosophy, 2010
By: Deborah L. Black
Title Intentionality in Medieval Arabic Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 2010
Journal Quaestio
Volume 10
Pages 65-81
Categories Avicenna, Psychology, Metaphysics, Linguistics
Author(s) Deborah L. Black
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
It has long been a truism of the history of philosophy that intentionality is an invention of the medieval period, and within this standard narrative, the central place of Arabic philosophy has always been acknowledged. Yet there are many misconceptions surrounding the theories of intentionality advanced by the two main Arabic thinkers whose works were available to the West, Avicenna and Averroes. In the first part of this paper I offer an overview of the general accounts of intentionality and intentional being found in the linguistic, psychological, and metaphysical writings of Avicenna and Averroes, and I trace the terminology of “intentions” to a neglected passage from Avicenna’s logic. In the second part of the paper I examine the way that Avicenna and Averroes apply their general theories of intentionality to the realm of sense perception. I offer an explanation of why Avicenna might have chosen to denominate the objects of the internal sense faculty of estimation as “intentions”, and I explore the implications of Averroes’s decision to attribute intentionality to the external senses and the media of perception.

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La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiación aristotélico-averroísta, 2019
By: Fernanda Ocampo
Title La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiación aristotélico-averroísta
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2019
Journal Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía
Volume 36
Issue 3
Pages 659–681
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Avicenna, Tradition and Reception, Latin Averroism, Thomas
Author(s) Fernanda Ocampo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The Aristotelian text Metaphysics IV, 2, and the interpretations carried out by the Muslim philosophers, i.e., Avicenna and Averroes, constitute the theoretical framework in which several Latin authors of the second half of the 13th century from the University of Paris, who have taken a stance around the question of the ‘real distinction’ between esse and essentia, elaborated their doctrines about transcendentals. According to this, our work seeks to trace the dependence of Dietrich’s general doctrine of the transcendentals, with respect to the theses established by Aristotle in the mentioned text, and in particular, with regard to the Averroist reading – critical of that of Avicenna’s –, which “has made school” in the Parisian environment, especially among the teachers and students of the Faculty of Arts, but also, first, in Thomas Aquinas. Thus, in light of this scenario of readings and interpretations, we will seek to delimit the central features of the Theodorian conception of the communia, pointing out the possible differences or coincidences with respect to the doctrines of these preceding authors.

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La polémica sobre el ser en el Avicena y Averroes latinos, 1987
By: Alfonso García Marqués
Title La polémica sobre el ser en el Avicena y Averroes latinos
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 1987
Journal Anuario filosófico
Volume 20
Pages 73–103
Categories Metaphysics, Latin Averroism, Avicenna
Author(s) Alfonso García Marqués
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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