| Title | Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | Philosophy East and West |
| Volume | 72 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 960-972 |
| Categories | Epistemology, Theology |
| Author(s) | Kirk Lougheed , Joshua Lee Harris |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The distinction between knowledge by demonstration and knowledge by imagination in Averroes offers a helpful explanation as to why epistemic paternalism is permitted in at least some religious cases. In certain religious settings the stakes may be so high that partial knowledge by imagination is indeed better than confusion resulting from a demonstration. While it is true this defense is not purely epistemic, many are in good company as it turns out that almost no cases of epistemic paternalism are purely epistemic. Finally, an upshot of their view is that it nicely explains why their defense of epistemic paternalism might apply to other domains of great importance but not to trivial matters. Much more remains to be said about the permissibility of epistemic paternalism more generally, and about its permissibility in religious cases in particular. |
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| Title | La dimension éthique et politique de la révélation prophétique chez les falāsifa |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam, Volume 1: The Prophet Between Doctrine, Literature and Arts: Historical Legacies and Their Unfolding |
| Pages | 327–347 |
| Categories | Theology, Epistemology, Cosmology, al-Fārābī, Avicenna |
| Author(s) | Meryem Sebti |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The Greek heritage nourished and deeply influenced a philosophical tradition in Arabic. This Greek heritage was reinterpreted by Muslim philosophers during the period from the ninth to the twelfth century. The approach by the latter, called falāsifa, towards the question of prophecy will have a decisive influence on certain Ashʿarite theologians, and the Avicennian synthesis constitutes a major step in the constitution of an Islamic prophetology, so that one may consider that there is a before and an after Avicenna, with regard to the doctrine of prophecy in the Muslim world. It is not possible to outline the contours of a prophetology that would be common to all falāsifa: Al-Kindī (after 870), Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (864–925), al-Fārābī (d. 950), Avicenna (980–1037), Ibn Bājja (around 1138), Ibn Ṭufayl (1110–1185) and Averroes (1126–1198). Nevertheless, despite their differences and their disagreements, they have tried to rationally report the phenomenon of prophecy, integrating it – for some of them – into a complex emanative cosmology. Finally, and despite their differences, we find in Avicenna and in Averroes the affirmation of the ethical and political function of the prophet. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5403","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5403,"authors_free":[{"id":6264,"entry_id":5403,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Meryem Sebti","free_first_name":"Meryem Sebti","free_last_name":"Meryem Sebti","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"La dimension \u00e9thique et politique de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation proph\u00e9tique chez les fal\u0101sifa","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"La dimension \u00e9thique et politique de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation proph\u00e9tique chez les fal\u0101sifa"},"abstract":"The Greek heritage nourished and deeply influenced a philosophical tradition in Arabic. This Greek heritage was reinterpreted by Muslim philosophers during the period from the ninth to the twelfth century. The approach by the latter, called fal\u0101sifa, towards the question of prophecy will have a decisive influence on certain Ash\u02bfarite theologians, and the Avicennian synthesis constitutes a major step in the constitution of an Islamic prophetology, so that one may consider that there is a before and an after Avicenna, with regard to the doctrine of prophecy in the Muslim world. It is not possible to outline the contours of a prophetology that would be common to all fal\u0101sifa: Al-Kind\u012b (after 870), Ab\u016b Bakr al-R\u0101z\u012b (864\u2013925), al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b (d. 950), Avicenna (980\u20131037), Ibn B\u0101jja (around 1138), Ibn \u1e6cufayl (1110\u20131185) and Averroes (1126\u20131198). Nevertheless, despite their differences and their disagreements, they have tried to rationally report the phenomenon of prophecy, integrating it \u2013 for some of them \u2013 into a complex emanative cosmology. 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A variety of case studies offers a unique overview of the interplay of Sunn\u012b amd Sh\u012b\u02bf\u012b doctrines with literature and arts in the formation of his image. They trace the integrative and conflictual qualities of a \u201cProphetic culture\u201d, in which the Prophet of Islam continues his presence among the Muslim believers. 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| Title | A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Persian |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Comparative Theology |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue | 12 |
| Pages | 69-84 |
| Categories | Epistemology, Averroism, Theology, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Ali Ghorbani , Fath ali Akbari |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Faṣl al-maqāl, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy. |
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| Title | アヴェロエス研究 - 二重真理説 |
| Translation | Averroes Research - The Double-Truth-Theory |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Date | 1982 |
| Journal | Kinki Daigaku Kyōyōbu Kenkyū Kiyō |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 157-172 |
| Categories | Law, Epistemology, Theology |
| Author(s) | Chisato Tanaka |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5533","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5533,"authors_free":[{"id":6426,"entry_id":5533,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1837,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Chisato Tanaka","free_first_name":"Chisato","free_last_name":"Tanaka","norm_person":{"id":1837,"first_name":"Chisato","last_name":"Tanaka","full_name":"Chisato Tanaka","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Chisato Tanaka"}}],"entry_title":"\u30a2\u30f4\u30a7\u30ed\u30a8\u30b9\u7814\u7a76 - \u4e8c\u91cd\u771f\u7406\u8aac","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"Averroes Research - The Double-Truth-Theory","main_title":{"title":"\u30a2\u30f4\u30a7\u30ed\u30a8\u30b9\u7814\u7a76 - \u4e8c\u91cd\u771f\u7406\u8aac"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1982","language":"Japanese","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":73,"category_name":"Epistemology","link":"bib?categories[]=Epistemology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1837,"full_name":"Chisato Tanaka","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5533,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Kinki Daigaku Ky\u014dy\u014dbu Kenky\u016b Kiy\u014d","volume":"13 ","issue":"3","pages":"157-172"}},"sort":[1982]}
| Title | Philosophical discussions of prophecy in medieval Islam |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | English |
| Date | 1976 |
| Publication Place | London |
| Publisher | British Library |
| Categories | Epistemology, Theology |
| Author(s) | David Pearson Brewster |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Persian |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Comparative Theology |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue | 12 |
| Pages | 69-84 |
| Categories | Epistemology, Averroism, Theology, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Ali Ghorbani , Fath ali Akbari |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Faṣl al-maqāl, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy. |
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| Title | Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | Philosophy East and West |
| Volume | 72 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 960-972 |
| Categories | Epistemology, Theology |
| Author(s) | Kirk Lougheed , Joshua Lee Harris |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The distinction between knowledge by demonstration and knowledge by imagination in Averroes offers a helpful explanation as to why epistemic paternalism is permitted in at least some religious cases. In certain religious settings the stakes may be so high that partial knowledge by imagination is indeed better than confusion resulting from a demonstration. While it is true this defense is not purely epistemic, many are in good company as it turns out that almost no cases of epistemic paternalism are purely epistemic. Finally, an upshot of their view is that it nicely explains why their defense of epistemic paternalism might apply to other domains of great importance but not to trivial matters. Much more remains to be said about the permissibility of epistemic paternalism more generally, and about its permissibility in religious cases in particular. |
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| Title | La dimension éthique et politique de la révélation prophétique chez les falāsifa |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam, Volume 1: The Prophet Between Doctrine, Literature and Arts: Historical Legacies and Their Unfolding |
| Pages | 327–347 |
| Categories | Theology, Epistemology, Cosmology, al-Fārābī, Avicenna |
| Author(s) | Meryem Sebti |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The Greek heritage nourished and deeply influenced a philosophical tradition in Arabic. This Greek heritage was reinterpreted by Muslim philosophers during the period from the ninth to the twelfth century. The approach by the latter, called falāsifa, towards the question of prophecy will have a decisive influence on certain Ashʿarite theologians, and the Avicennian synthesis constitutes a major step in the constitution of an Islamic prophetology, so that one may consider that there is a before and an after Avicenna, with regard to the doctrine of prophecy in the Muslim world. It is not possible to outline the contours of a prophetology that would be common to all falāsifa: Al-Kindī (after 870), Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (864–925), al-Fārābī (d. 950), Avicenna (980–1037), Ibn Bājja (around 1138), Ibn Ṭufayl (1110–1185) and Averroes (1126–1198). Nevertheless, despite their differences and their disagreements, they have tried to rationally report the phenomenon of prophecy, integrating it – for some of them – into a complex emanative cosmology. Finally, and despite their differences, we find in Avicenna and in Averroes the affirmation of the ethical and political function of the prophet. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5403","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5403,"authors_free":[{"id":6264,"entry_id":5403,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Meryem Sebti","free_first_name":"Meryem Sebti","free_last_name":"Meryem Sebti","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"La dimension \u00e9thique et politique de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation proph\u00e9tique chez les fal\u0101sifa","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"La dimension \u00e9thique et politique de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation proph\u00e9tique chez les fal\u0101sifa"},"abstract":"The Greek heritage nourished and deeply influenced a philosophical tradition in Arabic. This Greek heritage was reinterpreted by Muslim philosophers during the period from the ninth to the twelfth century. The approach by the latter, called fal\u0101sifa, towards the question of prophecy will have a decisive influence on certain Ash\u02bfarite theologians, and the Avicennian synthesis constitutes a major step in the constitution of an Islamic prophetology, so that one may consider that there is a before and an after Avicenna, with regard to the doctrine of prophecy in the Muslim world. It is not possible to outline the contours of a prophetology that would be common to all fal\u0101sifa: Al-Kind\u012b (after 870), Ab\u016b Bakr al-R\u0101z\u012b (864\u2013925), al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b (d. 950), Avicenna (980\u20131037), Ibn B\u0101jja (around 1138), Ibn \u1e6cufayl (1110\u20131185) and Averroes (1126\u20131198). Nevertheless, despite their differences and their disagreements, they have tried to rationally report the phenomenon of prophecy, integrating it \u2013 for some of them \u2013 into a complex emanative cosmology. Finally, and despite their differences, we find in Avicenna and in Averroes the affirmation of the ethical and political function of the prophet.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"French","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004466739_014","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":73,"category_name":"Epistemology","link":"bib?categories[]=Epistemology"},{"id":19,"category_name":"Cosmology","link":"bib?categories[]=Cosmology"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5403,"section_of":5402,"pages":"327\u2013347 ","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5402,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam, Volume 1: The Prophet Between Doctrine, Literature and Arts: Historical Legacies and Their Unfolding ","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"The three-volume series titled The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam, is the first attempt to explore the dynamics of the representation of the Prophet Muhammad in the course of Muslim history until the present.\r\nThis first collective volume outlines his figure in the early Islamic tradition, and its later transformations until recent times that were shaped by Prophet-centered piety and politics. A variety of case studies offers a unique overview of the interplay of Sunn\u012b amd Sh\u012b\u02bf\u012b doctrines with literature and arts in the formation of his image. They trace the integrative and conflictual qualities of a \u201cProphetic culture\u201d, in which the Prophet of Islam continues his presence among the Muslim believers. 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| Title | Philosophical discussions of prophecy in medieval Islam |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | English |
| Date | 1976 |
| Publication Place | London |
| Publisher | British Library |
| Categories | Epistemology, Theology |
| Author(s) | David Pearson Brewster |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5505","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5505,"authors_free":[{"id":6383,"entry_id":5505,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"David Pearson Brewster","free_first_name":"David Pearson","free_last_name":"Brewster","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Philosophical discussions of prophecy in medieval Islam ","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Philosophical discussions of prophecy in medieval Islam "},"abstract":"","btype":1,"date":"1976","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":73,"category_name":"Epistemology","link":"bib?categories[]=Epistemology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":{"id":5505,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"British Library","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":["Philosophical discussions of prophecy in medieval Islam "]}
| Title | アヴェロエス研究 - 二重真理説 |
| Translation | Averroes Research - The Double-Truth-Theory |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Date | 1982 |
| Journal | Kinki Daigaku Kyōyōbu Kenkyū Kiyō |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 157-172 |
| Categories | Law, Epistemology, Theology |
| Author(s) | Chisato Tanaka |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5533","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5533,"authors_free":[{"id":6426,"entry_id":5533,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1837,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Chisato Tanaka","free_first_name":"Chisato","free_last_name":"Tanaka","norm_person":{"id":1837,"first_name":"Chisato","last_name":"Tanaka","full_name":"Chisato Tanaka","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Chisato Tanaka"}}],"entry_title":"\u30a2\u30f4\u30a7\u30ed\u30a8\u30b9\u7814\u7a76 - \u4e8c\u91cd\u771f\u7406\u8aac","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"Averroes Research - The Double-Truth-Theory","main_title":{"title":"\u30a2\u30f4\u30a7\u30ed\u30a8\u30b9\u7814\u7a76 - \u4e8c\u91cd\u771f\u7406\u8aac"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1982","language":"Japanese","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":73,"category_name":"Epistemology","link":"bib?categories[]=Epistemology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1837,"full_name":"Chisato Tanaka","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5533,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Kinki Daigaku Ky\u014dy\u014dbu Kenky\u016b Kiy\u014d","volume":"13 ","issue":"3","pages":"157-172"}},"sort":["\u30a2\u30f4\u30a7\u30ed\u30a8\u30b9\u7814\u7a76 - \u4e8c\u91cd\u771f\u7406\u8aac"]}