| Title | Jean-Baptiste Brenet, Averroes el inquietante. Traducción de Ángela Ávalos |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Ideas y Valores |
| Volume | 70 |
| Issue | 177 |
| Pages | 189-191 |
| Categories | Review |
| Author(s) | Juan Vicente Cortés |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | İbn Rüşd’ün Tanrı’ya cevher demesinin neden ve sonuçları |
| Translation | The reasons for and the consequences of Averroes’ saying essence to God |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Turkish |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Turkish Academic Research Review |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 1035-1052 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Cosmology |
| Author(s) | Fevzi Yiğit |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Bu makalede, İbn Rüşd’ün Tanrı’ya cevher demesinin görece neden ve sonuçları konu edilmektedir. Böylece İbn Rüşd örneğinden hareketle, filozofların Tanrı telakkilerinin aslında metafiziğin konusuyla doğrudan bağlantılı olduğu gösterilmek istenmektedir. Makalede bilkuvve-bilfiil, cevher-araz, varlık-mâhiyet, madde-sûret ve teşkîk gibi güçlü felsefî ayrımlara ihtiyaç duyuldukça başvurulacaktır. İbn Rüşd’e göre mevcut/var olan araştırması temelde bir cevher araştırmasıdır. Mevcut kavramı cevherin üstünde yer alan daha üst bir varlık seviyesini temsil etmese de kapsamının genişliği yüzünden cevherden daha üst bir kavramdır. Oysaki İbn Sînâ’ya göre mevcut, cevherden daha üst bir varlık seviyesini karşılar ve bu yüzden mevcut araştırması sadece cevher araştırmasına hasredilemez. Dolayısıyla ona göre metafiziğin konusu cevher olması açısından cevher değildir. İbn Rüşd’ün Tanrı’ya cevher demesinin muhtemel nedenleri şunlardır: Birincisi, Tanrı bütün mevcudat içerisinde cevher tanımına en uygun olandır. İkincisi onun mevcut kavramını -diğer anlamlarını akılda tutmak kaydıyla- dış dünyada gerçekliği olmayan zihinsel bir kavram yani cins olarak kabul etmesi dolayısıyla sadece cevhere gerçeklik tanımış olmasıdır. Üçüncüsü, göksel cisimlerin sonsuz bir biçimde hareket ettiği düşüncesidir. Dördüncüsü tümeller ve ayrık mevcutlar ile hissedilir ferdi cevherler arasındaki ilişkiye dair görüşüdür. İbn Rüşd Aristoteles’i takiben tümellerin ve ideaların ferdi cevherlerin varoluşunda katkısı olmadığını düşünür. İbn Rüşd’ün Tanrı’ya cevher demesinin muhtemel sonuçlarıysa şunlardır: Birincisi onun din felsefe ilişkisine dair yazdığı Faslü’l-makâl ve el-Keşf an menâhicü’ledille kitaplarında Tanrı hakkında takındığı Hanbeli tavırdır. İkincisi aslında yukarıda sebep olarak zikredilen burada ise sonuç olarak dile getirilebilecek döngüsel bir şeydir. Yani gök cisimleri ve âlemi ezeli olarak kabul etmek Tanrı’ya cevher denmesine sebep olurken Tanrı’ya cevher denmesi de âlemin Tanrı’nın etkisiyle ancak O’ndan ayrı ve kopuk olarak mevcut olması fikrini sonuç vermektedir. Üçüncüsü sudûr ve yoktan yaratma doktrinlerini reddetmesidir. Yoktan yaratmayı reddi ise -antik filozofların da açıkça dile getirdiği üzere- “salt yokluğun varlığın kaynağı olamayacağı “şeklindeki genel bir ontolojik ilkeye dayanmaktadır. This article deals with the relative reasons and consequences of Averroes’ saying God the essence. Thus, based on the example of Averroes, it is desired to show that the philosophers’ conception of God is actually directly related to the subject of metaphysics. The distinctions between potential and actual, being-essence and matter-form, which are thought to have strong forms of explanation, will be applied when needed. According to Averroes, his research of being is basically an investigation of essence. Although the concept of being/existence does not represent a higher level of being above the substance, it takes place in metaphysics as a higher concept with different meanings. However, according to Ibn Avicenna, the existing meets a higher level of being than the substance, and therefore its inquiry cannot be only the one for substance. Therefore, according to him, the subject of metaphysics is not a substance qua substance. In short, the possible reasons for Averroes to call God essence are as follows: First, God is the most suitable for the definition of essence in all existence. The second is that, keeping other meanings of being in mind, he accepted the concept of “mawjūd” as a mental concept that has no reality in the external world, that is, as a genus, and therefore only recognized the substance as reality. The third is the idea that the celestial bodies move endlessly. The fourth is his view on the relationship between universals and discrete entities and tangible individual essences. Following Aristotle, Averroes thinks that universals and ideas do not contribute to the existence of individual essences. The possible consequences of Averroes’ calling God a substance are as follows: The first is his Hanbalī attitude towards God in his books Fasl al-maqāl and al-Kashf an manāhij al-adilla, which he wrote on the relationship between religion and philosophy. Secondly, what was mentioned above as a cause, is a cyclical thing that can be expressed as a result here. In other words, while accepting the celestial bodies and the universe as eternal, causes God to be called essence, calling God essence results in the idea that the universe exists only apart and disconnected from him under the influence of God. The third is his rejection of the doctrines of creation out of nothing and sudūr (emanation). The refusal to create out of nothing is based on a general ontological principle -as the ancient philosophers openly expressed- “absolute absence cannot be the source of existence”. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5582","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5582,"authors_free":[{"id":6480,"entry_id":5582,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Fevzi Yi\u011fit","free_first_name":"Fevzi","free_last_name":"Yi\u011fit","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"The reasons for and the consequences of Averroes\u2019 saying essence to God","main_title":{"title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131"},"abstract":"Bu makalede, \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin g\u00f6rece neden ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 konu edilmektedir. B\u00f6ylece \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd \u00f6rne\u011finden hareketle, filozoflar\u0131n Tanr\u0131 telakkilerinin asl\u0131nda metafizi\u011fin konusuyla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmek istenmektedir. Makalede bilkuvve-bilfiil, cevher-araz, varl\u0131k-m\u00e2hiyet, madde-s\u00fbret ve te\u015fk\u00eek gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc felsef\u00ee ayr\u0131mlara ihtiya\u00e7 duyulduk\u00e7a ba\u015fvurulacakt\u0131r. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019e g\u00f6re mevcut\/var olan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 temelde bir cevher ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Mevcut kavram\u0131 cevherin \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan daha \u00fcst bir varl\u0131k seviyesini temsil etmese de kapsam\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden cevherden daha \u00fcst bir kavramd\u0131r. Oysaki \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2\u2019ya g\u00f6re mevcut, cevherden daha \u00fcst bir varl\u0131k seviyesini kar\u015f\u0131lar ve bu y\u00fczden mevcut ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 sadece cevher ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na hasredilemez. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ona g\u00f6re metafizi\u011fin konusu cevher olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan cevher de\u011fildir. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin muhtemel nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r: Birincisi, Tanr\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn mevcudat i\u00e7erisinde cevher tan\u0131m\u0131na en uygun oland\u0131r. \u0130kincisi onun mevcut kavram\u0131n\u0131 -di\u011fer anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131lda tutmak kayd\u0131yla- d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyada ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi olmayan zihinsel bir kavram yani cins olarak kabul etmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sadece cevhere ger\u00e7eklik tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, g\u00f6ksel cisimlerin sonsuz bir bi\u00e7imde hareket etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc t\u00fcmeller ve ayr\u0131k mevcutlar ile hissedilir ferdi cevherler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd Aristoteles\u2019i takiben t\u00fcmellerin ve idealar\u0131n ferdi cevherlerin varolu\u015funda katk\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher demesinin muhtemel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ysa \u015funlard\u0131r: Birincisi onun din felsefe ili\u015fkisine dair yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fasl\u00fc\u2019l-mak\u00e2l ve el-Ke\u015ff an men\u00e2hic\u00fc\u2019ledille kitaplar\u0131nda Tanr\u0131 hakk\u0131nda tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hanbeli tav\u0131rd\u0131r. \u0130kincisi asl\u0131nda yukar\u0131da sebep olarak zikredilen burada ise sonu\u00e7 olarak dile getirilebilecek d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel bir \u015feydir. Yani g\u00f6k cisimleri ve \u00e2lemi ezeli olarak kabul etmek Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher denmesine sebep olurken Tanr\u0131\u2019ya cevher denmesi de \u00e2lemin Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n etkisiyle ancak O\u2019ndan ayr\u0131 ve kopuk olarak mevcut olmas\u0131 fikrini sonu\u00e7 vermektedir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc sud\u00fbr ve yoktan yaratma doktrinlerini reddetmesidir. Yoktan yaratmay\u0131 reddi ise -antik filozoflar\u0131n da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirdi\u011fi \u00fczere- \u201csalt yoklu\u011fun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u015feklindeki genel bir ontolojik ilkeye dayanmaktad\u0131r.\r\n \r\nThis article deals with the relative reasons and consequences of Averroes\u2019 saying God the essence. Thus, based on the example of Averroes, it is desired to show that the philosophers\u2019 conception of God is actually directly related to the subject of metaphysics. The distinctions between potential and actual, being-essence and matter-form, which are thought to have strong forms of explanation, will be applied when needed. According to Averroes, his research of being is basically an investigation of essence. Although the concept of being\/existence does not represent a higher level of being above the substance, it takes place in metaphysics as a higher concept with different meanings. However, according to Ibn Avicenna, the existing meets a higher level of being than the substance, and therefore its inquiry cannot be only the one for substance. Therefore, according to him, the subject of metaphysics is not a substance qua substance. In short, the possible reasons for Averroes to call God essence are as follows: First, God is the most suitable for the definition of essence in all existence. The second is that, keeping other meanings of being in mind, he accepted the concept of \u201cmawj\u016bd\u201d as a mental concept that has no reality in the external world, that is, as a genus, and therefore only recognized the substance as reality. The third is the idea that the celestial bodies move endlessly. The fourth is his view on the relationship between universals and discrete entities and tangible individual essences. Following Aristotle, Averroes thinks that universals and ideas do not contribute to the existence of individual essences. The possible consequences of Averroes\u2019 calling God a substance are as follows: The first is his Hanbal\u012b attitude towards God in his books Fasl al-maq\u0101l and al-Kashf an man\u0101hij al-adilla, which he wrote on the relationship between religion and philosophy. Secondly, what was mentioned above as a cause, is a cyclical thing that can be expressed as a result here. In other words, while accepting the celestial bodies and the universe as eternal, causes God to be called essence, calling God essence results in the idea that the universe exists only apart and disconnected from him under the influence of God. The third is his rejection of the doctrines of creation out of nothing and sud\u016br (emanation). The refusal to create out of nothing is based on a general ontological principle -as the ancient philosophers openly expressed- \u201cabsolute absence cannot be the source of existence\u201d.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"Turkish","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/20.500.11787\/6522","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":19,"category_name":"Cosmology","link":"bib?categories[]=Cosmology"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5582,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Turkish Academic Research Review","volume":"6","issue":"3","pages":"1035-1052"}},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | Tradition und Fortschreibung bei Ibn Rušd. Eine rechtsschulübergreifende Analyse zu Kauf- und Tauschgeschäften im islamischen Recht |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | German |
| Date | 2020 |
| Publication Place | Baden-Baden |
| Publisher | Nomos |
| Series | Theologie, Bildung, Ethik und Recht des Islam |
| Volume | 4 |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Serdar Kurnaz |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This study portrays the unique philosophical approach of Ibn Rušd to systematising Islamic law flexibly in order to solve the problems Muslims experience in daily life. His approach allows for a new perspective in the discourse on how to update Islamic law for contemporary times and how norms are qualified as being Islamic. Taking the prohibition of usury as an example, this study scrutinises Ibn Rušd’s approach and compares it with others from Muslim legal scholarship. For this purpose, the introduction and the chapter on usury in his juristic work Bidāyat al-mujtahid have been translated and commented on, with his approach analysed and the sources that he consulted identified. |
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| Title | The Truth Does Not Contradict the Truth – Or Does It? The Aporias of Cosmology, or Averroes in Doubt |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Zeitschrift für Geschichte der arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften |
| Volume | 22 |
| Pages | 23–66 |
| Categories | Cosmology, Kalām, Science |
| Author(s) | Gerhard Endress |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Eine fiktive Beobachtung eines Merkurdurchgangs durch Averroes – Vorgeschichte und Folgen |
| Type | Article |
| Language | German |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Zeitschrift für Geschichte der arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften |
| Volume | 22 |
| Pages | 67–90 |
| Categories | Cosmology |
| Author(s) | Carl Ehrig-Eggert |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Wonder in Aristotelian Arabic Poetics |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Published in | Arabic Poetics: Aesthetic Experience in Classical Arabic Literature |
| Pages | 75–134 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Poetics |
| Author(s) | Lara Harb |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Chapter 2 demonstrates that a similar shift took place in the reception of Aristotle’s Poetics in Arabic. Arabic philosophy was faced with the problem of making sense of the poetic as a type of syllogism, since it inherited a classification of Aristotle’s treatise as part of his books on logic (the Organon). While initial attempts in late antiquity distinguished the poetic from other types of syllogism based on its falsehood, Arabic philosophy, especially with Avicenna (d. 1037), decoupled the poetic from truth and falsehood and distinguished the kind of conclusion that one attains through the poetic syllogism as “make-believe” (takhyīl). This new solution shifted the assessment of the poetic from a statement’s truth and falsehood to its ability to conjure a make-believe image. This process was also expected to allow for an experience of discovery and wonder in the listener according to the philosophers. While Aristotle discussed wonder as resulting from manipulations of a tragic plot, Arabic philosophy developed a theory of wonder resulting from the verbal arts, especially simile and metaphor. The chapter follows the development of these ideas in the works of Averroes (d. 1198), al-Qarṭājannī (d. 1285), and al-Sijilmāsi (d. c. 1330). |
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| Title | Arabic Poetics: Aesthetic Experience in Classical Arabic Literature |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Publication Place | Cambridge |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| Series | Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization |
| Categories | Poetics |
| Author(s) | Lara Harb |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| What makes language beautiful? Arabic Poetics offers an answer to what this pertinent question looked like at the height of the Islamic civilization. In this novel argument, Lara Harb suggests that literary quality depended on the ability of linguistic expression to produce an experience of discovery and wonder in the listener. Analyzing theories of how rhetorical figures, simile, metaphor, and sentence construction are able to achieve this effect of wonder, Harb shows how this aesthetic theory, first articulated at the turn of the eleventh century CE, represented a major paradigm shift from earlier Arabic criticism which based its judgement on criteria of truthfulness and naturalness. In doing so, this study poses a major challenge to the misconception in modern scholarship that Arabic criticism was 'traditionalist' or 'static', exposing an elegant widespread conceptual framework of literary beauty in the post-eleventh-century Islamicate world which is central to poetic criticism, the interpretation of Aristotle's Poetics in Arabic philosophy and the rationale underlying discussions about the inimitability of the Quran. |
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| Title | Dignity and the Foundation of Human Rights: Toward an Averroist Genealogy |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Politics and Religion |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 304–332 |
| Categories | Averroism |
| Author(s) | Miguel Vatter |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The aim of this article is to give a new reconstruction of the conception of human dignity as a pre-associative yet legal status. Such a legal conception of human dignity carries a universal legal obligation to respect the “innate” right to independence and enables us to move beyond the impasse between moral and political views of human rights. The argument has a normative and a genealogical component. The normative component shows why a legal conception of human rights is grounded on the Kantian idea of an innate legal right to independence, as well as showing that Kant adopted a legal status concept of human dignity. The genealogical component shows that the conception of human dignity as legal status undergoes a transvaluation from its ancient aristocratic to its modern democratic meaning in Dante's political thought, which is itself rooted in the western reception of Arabic philosophy, in particular political Averroism. By contrast to the Christian elaboration of dignity, the Averroist genealogy of dignity better describes the modern pursuit of an ideal of worldly happiness essentially linked with the collective attainment of public happiness through the unrestricted public use of reason facilitated by republican constitutions crowned by human rights. |
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| Title | ابن رشد المتعدد |
| Transcription | Ibn Rušd al-mutaʿddid |
| Translation | Ibn Rušd, der Vielseitige |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | Arabic |
| Date | 2020 |
| Publication Place | Irbid |
| Publisher | ʿalam al-kuttub al-ḥadīṯ |
| Categories | Surveys |
| Author(s) | Maḥmud Benhamānī |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | İbn Rüşd'de Bilimsel Kanıtlama Yöntemi |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Turkish |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences |
| Volume | 23 |
| Pages | 27-86 |
| Categories | Logic, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Haci Kaya |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes wrote small, medium, and magnum commentaries on the Posterior Analytics, which is translated and commented many times until the 12th century, and also originated in original studies. Averroes has established the demonstration once again with his medium and magnum commentaries that are named Talkhis al-Burhan and Sharh al-Burhan/Tafsir al-Burhan, which have been largely successful in reflecting the authenticity of the Posterior Analytics, by placing the demonstration at the center of both his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy. The demonstration, in five arts which are an art encompassing human knowledge types and a method of obtaining these types of knowledge, refers to a method of scientific demonstration that builds the theoretical framework of definitive scientific knowledge. This scientific demonstrative method, which Averroes put at the center of his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy, corresponds to a scientific method that can be called “the inductive-deductive method” based on induction. |
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| Title | Averroes como muftí |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2003 |
| Journal | Revista española de filosofía medieval. Miscellanea Mediaevalia en honor de Joaquin Lomba Fuentes |
| Volume | 10 |
| Pages | 119–126 |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Juan Martos Quesada |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This paper is about the activity of Averroes as mufti, the role of this occupation in the legal word in al-Andalus; also, about the confusión between Averroes and his grandfather in the donation offetuas and, finally, the legal features of Averroes. |
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| Title | Averroes como muftí |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2011 |
| Published in | La lumière de l'intellect. La pensée scientifique et philosophique d'Averroès dans son temps. Actes du IVe colloque international de la SIHSPAI (Société internationale d'histoire des sciences et de la philosophie arabes et islamiques). Cordoue, 9–12 décembre 1998 |
| Pages | 445–455 |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Juan Martos Quesada |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes ex Averroe: Uncovering Ṭodros Ṭodrosi’s Method of Commenting on the Commentator |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 7-78 |
| Categories | Commentary, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Steven Harvey , Oded Horezky |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Our paper studies one of the most interesting manuscripts of medieval Jewish philosophy, a unicum that is housed in the British Library, Heb MS Add 27559. This fascinating manuscript, in part a version of a work compiled by Ṭodros Ṭodrosi, in Trinquetaille in the 1330s, is a Hebrew anthology of logical and scientific texts, written by Greek and Arabic philosophers, some of which are translated into Hebrew for the first time by Ṭodros. The paper sheds new light on this manuscript through an examination of the section on natural science that Ṭodros devoted to the study and explanation of Aristotle’s Physics and which comprises more than a third of the entire manuscript. We uncover Ṭodros’s aims and methodology in this section on physics (and, to some extent, in other sections as well), and sketch a clear picture of the ways in which Ṭodros intended to assist his contemporary readers in the study of natural science. The paper contributes to our knowledge of the fundamental status of Averroes’s middle commentaries on the Corpus Aristotelicum among medieval Jewish scholars, as well as to our growing awareness and appreciation of the achievements of a remarkable, young, fourteenth-century Provençal scholar, Ṭodros Ṭodrosi. It concludes with three appendices, two of which compare Ṭodros’s text with parallel passages in the Hebrew translations of Averroes’s commentaries, and a third which provides a detailed description of the British Library manuscript. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5576","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5576,"authors_free":[{"id":6470,"entry_id":5576,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":642,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Steven Harvey","free_first_name":"Steven ","free_last_name":"Harvey","norm_person":{"id":642,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Harvey","full_name":"Steven Harvey","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051482674","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/97890242","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Steven Harvey"}},{"id":6471,"entry_id":5576,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Oded Horezky","free_first_name":"Oded ","free_last_name":"Horezky","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Averroes ex Averroe: Uncovering \u1e6codros \u1e6codrosi\u2019s Method of Commenting on the Commentator","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes ex Averroe: Uncovering \u1e6codros \u1e6codrosi\u2019s Method of Commenting on the Commentator"},"abstract":"Our paper studies one of the most interesting manuscripts of medieval Jewish philosophy, a unicum that is housed in the British Library, Heb MS Add 27559. This fascinating \r\nmanuscript, in part a version of a work compiled by \u1e6codros \u1e6codrosi, in Trinquetaille in the 1330s, is a Hebrew anthology of logical and scientific texts, written by Greek and Arabic \r\nphilosophers, some of which are translated into Hebrew for the first time by \u1e6codros. The paper sheds new light on this manuscript through an examination of the section on natural science that \u1e6codros devoted to the study and explanation of Aristotle\u2019s Physics and which comprises more than a third of the entire manuscript. We uncover \u1e6codros\u2019s aims and methodology in this section on physics (and, to some extent, in other sections as well), and sketch a clear picture of the ways in which \u1e6codros intended to assist his contemporary readers in the study of natural science. The paper contributes to our knowledge of the fundamental status of Averroes\u2019s middle commentaries on the Corpus Aristotelicum\r\namong medieval Jewish scholars, as well as to our growing awareness and appreciation of the achievements of a remarkable, young, fourteenth-century Proven\u00e7al scholar, \u1e6codros \u1e6codrosi. It concludes with three appendices, two of which compare \u1e6codros\u2019s \r\ntext with parallel passages in the Hebrew translations of Averroes\u2019s commentaries, and a third which provides a detailed description of the British Library manuscript.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":642,"full_name":"Steven Harvey","role":1},{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5576,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism","volume":"21","issue":"1","pages":"7-78"}},"sort":["Averroes ex Averroe: Uncovering \u1e6codros \u1e6codrosi\u2019s Method of Commenting on the Commentator"]}
| Title | Averroes im Werk des Magisters Ferrandus de Hispania |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | German |
| Date | 2002 |
| Published in | Averroes (1126–1198) oder der Triumph des Rationalismus. Internationales Symposium anlässlich des 800. Todestages des islamischen Philosophen. Heidelberg, 7.-11. Oktober 1998 |
| Pages | 297–306 |
| Categories | Averroism |
| Author(s) | Albert Zimmermann |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes in Henry Bate's Metaphysics |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2001 |
| Journal | Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale |
| Volume | 12 |
| Pages | 523–547 |
| Categories | Averroism |
| Author(s) | Guy Guldentops |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"311","_score":null,"_source":{"id":311,"authors_free":[{"id":449,"entry_id":311,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":641,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Guy Guldentops","free_first_name":"Guy","free_last_name":"Guldentops","norm_person":{"id":641,"first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Guldentops","full_name":"Guy Guldentops","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1031934898","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/44458688","db_url":"https:\/\/www.deutsche-biographie.de\/pnd1031934898.html","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Guy Guldentops"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes in Henry Bate's Metaphysics","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Averroes in Henry Bate's Metaphysics"},"abstract":null,"btype":3,"date":"2001","language":"English","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"}],"authors":[{"id":641,"full_name":"Guy Guldentops","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":311,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale","volume":"12","issue":null,"pages":"523\u2013547"}},"sort":["Averroes in Henry Bate's Metaphysics"]}
| Title | Averroes latinus / Averroes arabus |
| Type | Article |
| Language | German |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Studia Leibnitiana |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 220–232 |
| Categories | Averroism, Latin Averroism, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Franz Schupp |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5162","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5162,"authors_free":[{"id":5945,"entry_id":5162,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1466,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Franz Schupp","free_first_name":"Franz","free_last_name":"Schupp","norm_person":{"id":1466,"first_name":"Franz","last_name":"Schupp","full_name":"Franz Schupp","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/124630774","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/64020587","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Franz Schupp"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes latinus \/ Averroes arabus","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes latinus \/ Averroes arabus"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2015","language":"German","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":7,"category_name":"Latin Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Latin Averroism"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":1466,"full_name":"Franz Schupp","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5162,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Studia Leibnitiana","volume":"47","issue":"2","pages":"220\u2013232"}},"sort":["Averroes latinus \/ Averroes arabus"]}
| Title | Averroes on Aristotle. Uses and Abuses of the Classics |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2004 |
| Published in | Western Interpretations of Greek Philosophy |
| Pages | 125–136 |
| Categories | Influence, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | Alfred L. Ivry |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"454","_score":null,"_source":{"id":454,"authors_free":[{"id":597,"entry_id":454,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":653,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Alfred L. Ivry","free_first_name":"Alfred L.","free_last_name":"Ivry","norm_person":{"id":653,"first_name":"Alfred L.","last_name":"Ivry","full_name":"Alfred L. Ivry","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/172513073","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/117886983","db_url":"https:\/\/www.deutsche-biographie.de\/pnd172513073.html","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Alfred L. Ivry"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes on Aristotle. Uses and Abuses of the Classics","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Averroes on Aristotle. Uses and Abuses of the Classics"},"abstract":null,"btype":2,"date":"2004","language":"English","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"}],"authors":[{"id":653,"full_name":"Alfred L. Ivry","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":454,"section_of":42,"pages":"125\u2013136","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":42,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Western Interpretations of Greek Philosophy","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2004","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2004","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":42,"pubplace":"Aldershot","publisher":"Ashgate Publishing","series":null,"volume":null,"edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Averroes on Aristotle. Uses and Abuses of the Classics"]}
| Title | Averroes on Divine Causation |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Interpreting Averroes. Critical Essays |
| Pages | 198–217 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, Physics |
| Author(s) | Peter Adamson |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes seeks to ground philosophical theology in Aristotelian premises, by reconciling the treatment of God in metaphysics as a pure intellect with the portrayal of God in Aristotle's Physics as a cause of heavenly motion. Averroes’ solution to this problem appeals to the central Aristotelian distinction between four kinds of cause, namely formal, final, efficient, and material. In physics He is approached as an efficient cause of motion, while in metaphysics He appears as an efficient, formal, and final cause of being and unity. |
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| Title | Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 113–132 |
| Categories | Law, al-Fārābī, Influence |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In this chapter, I will focus on Averroes's position on family and property in his Commentary on Plato's “Republic.” I will lay out his views on the role of parents in the education of children, and the place of women and children within the family and in society. I will examine Averroes's stance on private and collective property, as well as his questions pertaining to the transmission of property. Averroes's primary goal in this commentary is arguably to elucidate Plato's analysis of the structure of the ideal political state, given that, by his own admission, he could not find an Arabic translation of Aristotle's Politics. A distinction can in principle be made between Plato's views as expounded by Averroes, and the latter's own views on a given subject. Averroes’ positions can be discerned in the way he introduces personal comments and references to contemporary al-Andalus. In order to discern Averroes's positions and to discover whether he concurs with Plato on issues such as the question of education and the status of women and property, comparisons will be drawn with his main legal work, Bidāyat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihāyat al-Muqtaṣid, so as to uncover his position on such legal matters as family law and property law. It seems that Averroes would have preferred to write a commentary on Aristotle's Politics, since Aristotle's views are closer to his own. In spite of the fact that he is writing on a philosopher with whom he has fewer affinities, he succeeds in presenting many of his own views in this commentary on Plato. This is perhaps owing to the fact that Averroes often quotes Alfarabi, who greatly admired Plato's philosophy and held it to be in harmony with Aristotle’s. Thus Alfarabi, who is a great source of inspiration for Averroes, constitutes in this instance a strong link between Averroes and Plato. Averroes draws on Plato and appears to agree with him in many respects. Writing on Plato's work also allows him to expound some of his own views on issues such as virtue, education, the political state, and religion. In the Commentary on Plato's “Republic” there are echoes of works by Alfarabi, in particular The Attainment of Happiness. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5351","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5351,"authors_free":[{"id":6201,"entry_id":5351,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"In this chapter, I will focus on Averroes's position on family and property in his Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic.\u201d I will lay out his views on the role of parents in the education of children, and the place of women and children within the family and in society. I will examine Averroes's stance on private and collective property, as well as his questions pertaining to the transmission of property.\r\n\r\nAverroes's primary goal in this commentary is arguably to elucidate Plato's analysis of the structure of the ideal political state, given that, by his own admission, he could not find an Arabic translation of Aristotle's Politics. A distinction can in principle be made between Plato's views as expounded by Averroes, and the latter's own views on a given subject. Averroes\u2019 positions can be discerned in the way he introduces personal comments and references to contemporary al-Andalus. In order to discern Averroes's positions and to discover whether he concurs with Plato on issues such as the question of education and the status of women and property, comparisons will be drawn with his main legal work, Bid\u0101yat al-Mujtahid wa-Nih\u0101yat al-Muqta\u1e63id, so as to uncover his position on such legal matters as family law and property law.\r\n\r\nIt seems that Averroes would have preferred to write a commentary on Aristotle's Politics, since Aristotle's views are closer to his own. In spite of the fact that he is writing on a philosopher with whom he has fewer affinities, he succeeds in presenting many of his own views in this commentary on Plato. This is perhaps owing to the fact that Averroes often quotes Alfarabi, who greatly admired Plato's philosophy and held it to be in harmony with Aristotle\u2019s. Thus Alfarabi, who is a great source of inspiration for Averroes, constitutes in this instance a strong link between Averroes and Plato. Averroes draws on Plato and appears to agree with him in many respects. Writing on Plato's work also allows him to expound some of his own views on issues such as virtue, education, the political state, and religion. In the Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic\u201d there are echoes of works by Alfarabi, in particular The Attainment of Happiness.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.006","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5351,"section_of":5346,"pages":"113\u2013132","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"]}
| Title | Averroes on God's Knowledge of Particulars |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2006 |
| Journal | Journal of Islamic Studies |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 177–199 |
| Categories | Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article discusses a central issue in the debate between philosophy and theology in the Islamic Middle Ages. In his attempt to show that Greek philosophy was contrary to Islam, theologian al-Ghazzālī charged Muslim philosophers with unbelief (kufr) on three counts: the eternity of the world, bodily resurrection and God's knowledge of particulars. The latter was particularly significant within an Islamic context. If God does not know particulars, how can He know for instance individual prophets or pass judgement on Doomsday? The main target of al-Ghazālī's criticism was Avicenna and his contention that God knows particulars in a universal way. In the Aristotelian epistemological model followed by Avicenna the subject and object of knowledge become one in the epistemological process. Since God is immutable He cannot know particulars in time, therefore He must know individuals insofar as they are universal.In his response to al-Ghazzālī, Averroes' main contribution is his rejection of Avicenna's formulation that God knows particulars in a universal way. Averroes criticizes this view because it does away with the distinction between divine and human knowledge. While in humans the process of knowing entails abstraction of universals from individual substances, God's knowledge cannot be characterized as universal or particular. It is neither particular—because it does not involve sense experience—nor universal—because it is not abstracted from individuals.Consequently, Averroes presents the essence of God's knowledge as at bottom unknowable to the human mind. This position may resemble al-Ghazzālī's overall negative stance concerning our understanding of this issue but in actuality it is radically different. By way of stating what it is not, and by clearly showing the differences between divine and human knowledge, Averroes provides a clearer grasp of what divine knowledge must be like. |
| Online Access | ttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26199485 |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1342","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1342,"authors_free":[{"id":1530,"entry_id":1342,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes on God's Knowledge of Particulars","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes on God's Knowledge of Particulars"},"abstract":"This article discusses a central issue in the debate between philosophy and theology in the Islamic Middle Ages. In his attempt to show that Greek philosophy was contrary to Islam, theologian al-Ghazz\u0101l\u012b charged Muslim philosophers with unbelief (kufr) on three counts: the eternity of the world, bodily resurrection and God's knowledge of particulars. The latter was particularly significant within an Islamic context. If God does not know particulars, how can He know for instance individual prophets or pass judgement on Doomsday? The main target of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b's criticism was Avicenna and his contention that God knows particulars in a universal way. In the Aristotelian epistemological model followed by Avicenna the subject and object of knowledge become one in the epistemological process. Since God is immutable He cannot know particulars in time, therefore He must know individuals insofar as they are universal.In his response to al-Ghazz\u0101l\u012b, Averroes' main contribution is his rejection of Avicenna's formulation that God knows particulars in a universal way. Averroes criticizes this view because it does away with the distinction between divine and human knowledge. While in humans the process of knowing entails abstraction of universals from individual substances, God's knowledge cannot be characterized as universal or particular. It is neither particular\u2014because it does not involve sense experience\u2014nor universal\u2014because it is not abstracted from individuals.Consequently, Averroes presents the essence of God's knowledge as at bottom unknowable to the human mind. This position may resemble al-Ghazz\u0101l\u012b's overall negative stance concerning our understanding of this issue but in actuality it is radically different. By way of stating what it is not, and by clearly showing the differences between divine and human knowledge, Averroes provides a clearer grasp of what divine knowledge must be like. ","btype":3,"date":"2006","language":"English","online_url":"ttps:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26199485","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":1342,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"17","issue":"2","pages":"177\u2013199"}},"sort":["Averroes on God's Knowledge of Particulars"]}