| Title | Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | Philosophy East and West |
| Volume | 72 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 960-972 |
| Categories | Epistemology, Theology |
| Author(s) | Kirk Lougheed , Joshua Lee Harris |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The distinction between knowledge by demonstration and knowledge by imagination in Averroes offers a helpful explanation as to why epistemic paternalism is permitted in at least some religious cases. In certain religious settings the stakes may be so high that partial knowledge by imagination is indeed better than confusion resulting from a demonstration. While it is true this defense is not purely epistemic, many are in good company as it turns out that almost no cases of epistemic paternalism are purely epistemic. Finally, an upshot of their view is that it nicely explains why their defense of epistemic paternalism might apply to other domains of great importance but not to trivial matters. Much more remains to be said about the permissibility of epistemic paternalism more generally, and about its permissibility in religious cases in particular. |
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| Title | Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies |
| Volume | 78 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 1-6 |
| Categories | Theology, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Aminullah Elhady |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This paper discusses the dialectical thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians on divine metaphysics. The discussion is based on the study of criticisms and dialogues on the theologians’ view on metaphysics. Three important points emerge: firstly, how Ibn Rushd presented the basis of his critical arguments; secondly, the process of Ibn Rushd’s methods of criticism on the theologians’ metaphysical reasons and lastly, the content of Ibn Rushd’s criticisms of the theologians’ metaphysical reason. This paper provides a detailed description of the themes as accurate and comprehensive ways to provide a basis of Ibn Rushd’s criticism. Contribution: This study contributes to encouraging and changing the views of scholars of Islamic theology that Ibn Rushd, apart from being a philosopher, is also a critical thinker in the field of Islamic theology. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5768","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5768,"authors_free":[{"id":6681,"entry_id":5768,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Aminullah Elhady","free_first_name":"Aminullah ","free_last_name":"Elhady","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians"},"abstract":"This paper discusses the dialectical thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians on divine metaphysics. The discussion is based on the study of criticisms and dialogues on the theologians\u2019 view on metaphysics. Three important points emerge: firstly, how Ibn Rushd presented the basis of his critical arguments; secondly, the process of Ibn Rushd\u2019s methods of criticism on the theologians\u2019 metaphysical reasons and lastly, the content of Ibn Rushd\u2019s criticisms of the theologians\u2019 metaphysical reason. This paper provides a detailed description of the themes as accurate and comprehensive ways to provide a basis of Ibn Rushd\u2019s criticism.\r\n\r\nContribution: This study contributes to encouraging and changing the views of scholars of Islamic theology that Ibn Rushd, apart from being a philosopher, is also a critical thinker in the field of Islamic theology.","btype":3,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/hts.v78i4.7531","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5768,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"HTS Teologiese Studies \/ Theological Studies","volume":"78","issue":"4","pages":"1-6"}},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Assentimento religioso e Filosofia no Fasl al-maqal de Averróis |
| Translation | Religious assent and Philosophy in Averroes’ Fasl al-maqal |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | DoisPontos |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 113-132 |
| Categories | Law, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | Arthur Klik |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| O Fasl al-maqal, umas das obras originais de Averróis, se destaca por seu caráter polêmico. Sendo redigida como um pronunciamento jurídico, tem como um de seus objetivos principais analisar o estatuto da filosofia em face da Lei islâmica, ao verificar qual é a atitude que deve ser adotada por todo aquele que travar contato com as obras da antiguidade grega. Em um cenário em que a legitimidade da filosofia se coloca em questão, o diagnóstico e a solução propostos por Averróis se destacam ao apresentar uma interpretação singular da Lei ante a filosofia, concebendo a segunda como um elemento necessário para a saúde da comunidade. Este artigo pretende analisar essa interpretação, na qual três pontos se colocam na consideração da relação entre filosofia e revelação: o (1) asseguramento da possibilidade do assentimento religioso individual e (2) da manutenção do bem-estar geral junto à (3) possibilidade de se afirmar a legitimidade de um intérprete que garanta o assentimento correto aos crentes não filósofos An original work of Averroes, the Fasl al-maqal is remarked by its controversial character. Composed as a juridical statement, one of its main goals is to analyze the role of philosophy in Islamic Law determining which attitude must be adopted by those aware of the works of Greek antiquity. Facing a problematic scenario in which the legitimacy of philosophy is putted in question, the diagnosis and solution proposed by Averroes emphasizes a unique interpretation of the Law guided by Philosophy devised as a required element to achieve community welfare. This article intends to analyze that interpretation in which three points arise about the relationship between philosophy and revelation: (1) the insurance of the individual possibility of religious assent; (2) the endurance of common welfare, both associated to (3) the possibility of assert the legitimacy of an interpreter able to assure the correct assent to common believers |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5560","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5560,"authors_free":[{"id":6454,"entry_id":5560,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Arthur Klik","free_first_name":"Arthur ","free_last_name":"Klik","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Assentimento religioso e Filosofia no Fasl al-maqal de Averr\u00f3is","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"Religious assent and Philosophy in Averroes\u2019 Fasl al-maqal","main_title":{"title":"Assentimento religioso e Filosofia no Fasl al-maqal de Averr\u00f3is"},"abstract":"O Fasl al-maqal, umas das obras originais de Averr\u00f3is, se destaca por seu car\u00e1ter pol\u00eamico. Sendo redigida como um pronunciamento jur\u00eddico, tem como um de seus objetivos principais analisar o estatuto da filosofia em face da Lei isl\u00e2mica, ao verificar qual \u00e9 a atitude que deve ser adotada por todo aquele que travar contato com as obras da antiguidade grega. Em um cen\u00e1rio em que a legitimidade da filosofia se coloca em quest\u00e3o, o diagn\u00f3stico e a solu\u00e7\u00e3o propostos por Averr\u00f3is se destacam ao apresentar uma interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o singular da Lei ante a filosofia, concebendo a segunda como um elemento necess\u00e1rio para a sa\u00fade da comunidade. Este artigo pretende analisar essa interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o, na qual tr\u00eas pontos se colocam na considera\u00e7\u00e3o da rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre filosofia e revela\u00e7\u00e3o: o (1) \r\nasseguramento da possibilidade do assentimento religioso individual e (2) da manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do bem-estar geral junto \u00e0 (3) possibilidade de se afirmar a legitimidade de um int\u00e9rprete que garanta o assentimento correto aos crentes n\u00e3o fil\u00f3sofos \r\n\r\nAn original work of Averroes, the Fasl al-maqal is remarked by its controversial character. Composed as a juridical statement, one of its main goals is to analyze the role of philosophy in Islamic Law determining which attitude must be adopted by those aware of the works of Greek antiquity. Facing a problematic scenario in which the legitimacy of philosophy is putted in question, the diagnosis and solution proposed by Averroes emphasizes a unique interpretation of the Law guided by Philosophy devised as a required element to achieve community welfare. This article intends to analyze that interpretation in which three points arise about the relationship between philosophy and revelation: (1) the insurance of the individual possibility of religious assent; (2) the endurance of \r\ncommon welfare, both associated to (3) the possibility of assert the legitimacy of an interpreter able to assure the correct assent to common believers","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"Portuguese","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5560,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"DoisPontos","volume":"18","issue":"1","pages":"113-132"}},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | Averroës' Takfir of al-Ghazālī: Ta'wīl and Causal Kufr |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | American journal of Islam and society |
| Volume | 38 |
| Issue | 1/2 |
| Pages | 60-92 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology |
| Author(s) | Saja Parvizian |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Al-Ghazālı̄ famously claims in the Incoherence of the Philosophers that al-Fārābī and Avicenna are unbelievers because they hold philosophical positions that conflict with Islam. What is less well-known, however, is that Averroës claims in the Decisive Treatise that al-Fārābī and Avicenna are not unbelievers; rather, al-Ghazālı̄ is the true unbeliever for writing the Incoherence of the Philosophers. In this paper, my aim is to present a sustained reconstruction of Averroës’ legal and philosophical argument for why al-Ghazālı̄ is an unbeliever. The crux of Averroës’ argument is that al-Ghazālı̄ has expressed false allegorical interpretations of scripture to unqualified persons, which has caused them to fall into unbelief. By being causally responsible for other people’s unbelief, al-Ghazālı̄ is an unbeliever as well. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5566","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5566,"authors_free":[{"id":6460,"entry_id":5566,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Saja Parvizian","free_first_name":"Saja ","free_last_name":"Parvizian","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Averro\u00ebs' Takfir of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b: Ta'w\u012bl and Causal Kufr","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averro\u00ebs' Takfir of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b: Ta'w\u012bl and Causal Kufr"},"abstract":"Al-Ghaza\u0304l\u0131\u0304 famously claims in the Incoherence of the Philosophers that al-Fa\u0304ra\u0304bi\u0304 and Avicenna are unbelievers because they hold philosophical positions that conflict with Islam. What is less well-known, however, is that Averroe\u0308s claims in the Decisive Treatise that al-Fa\u0304ra\u0304bi\u0304 and Avicenna are not unbelievers; rather, al-Ghaza\u0304l\u0131\u0304 is the true unbeliever for writing the Incoherence of the Philosophers. In this paper, my aim is to present a sustained reconstruction of Averroe\u0308s\u2019 legal and philosophical argument for why al-Ghaza\u0304l\u0131\u0304 is an unbeliever. The crux of Averroe\u0308s\u2019 argument is that al-Ghaza\u0304l\u0131\u0304 has expressed false allegorical interpretations of scripture to unqualified persons, which has caused them to fall into unbelief. By being causally responsible for other people\u2019s unbelief, al-Ghaza\u0304l\u0131\u0304 is an unbeliever as well.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35632\/ajis.v38i1-2.735","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5566,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"American journal of Islam and society","volume":"38","issue":"1\/2","pages":"60-92"}},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | The Reasons for and the Consequences of Averroes’ Saying Essence to God Abstract |
| Type | Article |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Turkish Academic Research Review - Türk Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi [TARR] |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Categories | Theology, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Fevzi Yiğit |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article deals with the relative reasons and consequences of Averroes’ saying God the essence. Thus, based on the example of Averroes, it is desired to show that the philosophers’ conception of God is actually directly related to the subject of metaphysics. The distinctions between potential and actual, being-essence and matter-form, which are thought to have strong forms of explanation, will be applied when needed. According to Averroes, his research of being is basically an investigation of essence. Although the concept of being/existence does not represent a higher level of being above the substance, it takes place in metaphysics as a higher concept with different meanings. However, according to Ibn Avicenna, the existing meets a higher level of being than the substance, and therefore its inquiry cannot be only the one for substance. Therefore, according to him, the subject of metaphysics is not a substance qua substance. In short, the possible reasons for Averroes to call God essence are as follows: First, God is the most suitable for the definition of essence in all existence. The second is that, keeping other meanings of being in mind, he accepted the concept of “mawjūd” as a mental concept that has no reality in the external world, that is, as a genus, and therefore only recognized the substance as reality. The third is the idea that the celestial bodies move endlessly. The fourth is his view on the relationship between universals and discrete entities and tangible individual essences. Following Aristotle, Averroes thinks that universals and ideas do not contribute to the existence of individual essences. The possible consequences of Averroes’ calling God a substance are as follows: The first is his Hanbalī attitude towards God in his books Fasl al-maqāl and al-Kashf an manāhij al-adilla, which he wrote on the relationship between religion and philosophy. Secondly, what was mentioned above as a cause, is a cyclical thing that can be expressed as a result here. In other words, while accepting the celestial bodies and the universe as eternal, causes God to be called essence, calling God essence results in the idea that the universe exists only apart and disconnected from him under the influence of God. The third is his rejection of the doctrines of creation out of nothing and sudūr (emanation). The refusal to create out of nothing is based on a general ontological principle -as the ancient philosophers openly expressed- “absolute absence cannot be the source of existence”. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5809","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5809,"authors_free":[{"id":6730,"entry_id":5809,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Fevzi Yi\u011fit","free_first_name":"Fevzi ","free_last_name":"Yi\u011fit","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":" The Reasons for and the Consequences of Averroes\u2019 Saying Essence to God Abstract","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":" The Reasons for and the Consequences of Averroes\u2019 Saying Essence to God Abstract"},"abstract":"This article deals with the relative reasons and consequences of Averroes\u2019 saying God the essence. Thus, based on the example of Averroes, it is desired to show that the philosophers\u2019 conception of God is actually directly related to the subject of metaphysics. The distinctions between potential and actual, being-essence and matter-form, which are thought to have strong forms of explanation, will be applied when needed. According to Averroes, his research of being is basically an investigation of essence. Although the concept of being\/existence does not represent a higher level of being above the substance, it takes place in metaphysics as a higher concept with different meanings. However, according to Ibn Avicenna, the existing meets a higher level of being than the substance, and therefore its inquiry cannot be only the one for substance. Therefore, according to him, the subject of metaphysics is not a substance qua substance. In short, the possible reasons for Averroes to call God essence are as follows: First, God is the most suitable for the definition of essence in all existence. The second is that, keeping other meanings of being in mind, he accepted the concept of \u201cmawj\u016bd\u201d as a mental concept that has no reality in the external world, that is, as a genus, and therefore only recognized the substance as reality. The third is the idea that the celestial bodies move endlessly. The fourth is his view on the relationship between universals and discrete entities and tangible individual essences. Following Aristotle, Averroes thinks that universals and ideas do not contribute to the existence of individual essences. The possible consequences of Averroes\u2019 calling God a substance are as follows: The first is his Hanbal\u012b attitude towards God in his books Fasl al-maq\u0101l and al-Kashf an man\u0101hij al-adilla, which he wrote on the relationship between religion and philosophy. Secondly, what was mentioned above as a cause, is a cyclical thing that can be expressed as a result here. In other words, while accepting the celestial bodies and the universe as eternal, causes God to be called essence, calling God essence results in the idea that the universe exists only apart and disconnected from him under the influence of God. The third is his rejection of the doctrines of creation out of nothing and sud\u016br (emanation). The refusal to create out of nothing is based on a general ontological principle -as the ancient philosophers openly expressed- \u201cabsolute absence cannot be the source of existence\u201d.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":null,"online_url":"","doi_url":"10.30622\/tarr.982738","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5809,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":" Turkish Academic Research Review - T\u00fcrk Akademik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Dergisi [TARR]","volume":"6","issue":"3","pages":""}},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | Puissance et acte chez Averroès: entre ontologie et théologie |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Chora |
| Volume | 18–19 |
| Pages | 407–430 |
| Categories | Ontology, Theology |
| Author(s) | Cristina Cerami |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The present paper aims at presenting Averroes’ doctrine of act and potency in the framework of his general conception of metaphysics as a science. By tracing the origins of his doctrine back to Alexander of Aphrodisias, it shows that Averroes conceives act and potency as concomitant attributes of being qua being and as terms πρὸς ἕν and ἀφ’ ἑνός. According to this reading, the study of these two notions, considered as such, constitutes an essential step in Averroes’ metaphysical project, whose ultimate goal is to account for the essence of the first of all forms: God. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"4997","_score":null,"_source":{"id":4997,"authors_free":[{"id":5732,"entry_id":4997,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1285,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Cristina Cerami","free_first_name":"Cristina","free_last_name":"Cerami","norm_person":{"id":1285,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Cerami","full_name":"Cristina Cerami","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/139713840","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/317111513","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Cristina Cerami"}}],"entry_title":"Puissance et acte chez Averro\u00e8s: entre ontologie et th\u00e9ologie","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Puissance et acte chez Averro\u00e8s: entre ontologie et th\u00e9ologie"},"abstract":"The present paper aims at presenting Averroes\u2019 doctrine of act and potency in the framework of his general conception of metaphysics as a science. By tracing the origins of his doctrine back to Alexander of Aphrodisias, it shows that Averroes conceives act and potency as concomitant attributes of being qua being and as terms \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f15\u03bd and \u1f00\u03c6\u2019 \u1f11\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2. According to this reading, the study of these two notions, considered as such, constitutes an essential step in Averroes\u2019 metaphysical project, whose ultimate goal is to account for the essence of the first of all forms: God.","btype":3,"date":"2020","language":"French","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5840\/chora2020\/202118\/1918","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":65,"category_name":"Ontology","link":"bib?categories[]=Ontology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1285,"full_name":"Cristina Cerami","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":4997,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Chora","volume":"18\u201319","issue":"","pages":"407\u2013430"}},"sort":[2020]}
| Title | Atributos divinos y el problema de la unicidad en Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Praxis Filosófica |
| Volume | 50 |
| Pages | 65-88 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, Theology |
| Author(s) | Joen Laureth Delgado Gómez , Diego Giovanni Castellanos |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| El artículo aborda la discusión acerca de la unicidad divina y la existencia de atributos, tanto en la filosofía como en la teología islámica medieval, haciendo énfasis en la obra de Averroes. Se analiza cómo en el pensamiento Islámico, al tiempo que se afirma el dogma de la unicidad divina se sostiene la existencia de atributos reales, apuntando directamente a conceptos dialecticos como unidad y multiplicidad, identidad y diferencia, o igualdad y alteridad. Así mismo, partiendo del análisis de su obra, se busca mostrar la manera en la que el pensador cordobés legitimó el uso de la razón filosófica como camino optimo y recomendado para el abordaje de las verdades religiosas. Se considera que Averroes avanzó en una doctrina teológico-filosófica particular diferente del asharismo que se estaba imponiendo en la época, resistiéndose a Al Ghazali, y reivindicando el valor la perspectiva peripatética para enriquecer el debate en el Islam. |
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| Title | Averroes and Maimonides on Equivocal Terms in the Qur’ân and the Torah |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | The Muslim World |
| Volume | 109 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 615–626 |
| Categories | Maimonides, Theology |
| Author(s) | Terence J. Kleven |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This essay is a brief exploration of the Scriptural exegesis of the most noteworthy sons of Cordoba, Averroes or Ibn Rushd (1126-1198) and Moses Maimonides or Rambam (1135-1204). We will examine the manner of their exegesis of the Scriptural texts, the Qur'an and the Torah, of their respective religious communities. Although Averroes is nine years older than Maimonides, they are near contemporaries. We do not know whether in their youths these Cordobans ever met; they will emerge as two of the most renowned scholars and judges of their communities. |
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| Title | Ibn Rushd and Aquinas on God’s Causal Omniscience |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | The Muslim World |
| Volume | 109 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 595–614 |
| Categories | Thomas, Metaphysics, Aristotle, Commentary, Theology |
| Author(s) | Stephen Ogden |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Philosophy and the Metaphorical Interpretation of Religious Texts in Averroes, Maimonides, and Aquinas |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | The Muslim World |
| Volume | 109 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 627–647 |
| Categories | Maimonides, Thomas, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | Francisco J. Romero Carrasquillo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | The Reasons for and the Consequences of Averroes’ Saying Essence to God Abstract |
| Type | Article |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Turkish Academic Research Review - Türk Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi [TARR] |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Categories | Theology, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Fevzi Yiğit |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article deals with the relative reasons and consequences of Averroes’ saying God the essence. Thus, based on the example of Averroes, it is desired to show that the philosophers’ conception of God is actually directly related to the subject of metaphysics. The distinctions between potential and actual, being-essence and matter-form, which are thought to have strong forms of explanation, will be applied when needed. According to Averroes, his research of being is basically an investigation of essence. Although the concept of being/existence does not represent a higher level of being above the substance, it takes place in metaphysics as a higher concept with different meanings. However, according to Ibn Avicenna, the existing meets a higher level of being than the substance, and therefore its inquiry cannot be only the one for substance. Therefore, according to him, the subject of metaphysics is not a substance qua substance. In short, the possible reasons for Averroes to call God essence are as follows: First, God is the most suitable for the definition of essence in all existence. The second is that, keeping other meanings of being in mind, he accepted the concept of “mawjūd” as a mental concept that has no reality in the external world, that is, as a genus, and therefore only recognized the substance as reality. The third is the idea that the celestial bodies move endlessly. The fourth is his view on the relationship between universals and discrete entities and tangible individual essences. Following Aristotle, Averroes thinks that universals and ideas do not contribute to the existence of individual essences. The possible consequences of Averroes’ calling God a substance are as follows: The first is his Hanbalī attitude towards God in his books Fasl al-maqāl and al-Kashf an manāhij al-adilla, which he wrote on the relationship between religion and philosophy. Secondly, what was mentioned above as a cause, is a cyclical thing that can be expressed as a result here. In other words, while accepting the celestial bodies and the universe as eternal, causes God to be called essence, calling God essence results in the idea that the universe exists only apart and disconnected from him under the influence of God. The third is his rejection of the doctrines of creation out of nothing and sudūr (emanation). The refusal to create out of nothing is based on a general ontological principle -as the ancient philosophers openly expressed- “absolute absence cannot be the source of existence”. |
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| Title | 'Truth Does not Contradict Truth'. Averroes and the Unity of Truth |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2000 |
| Journal | Topoi |
| Volume | 19 |
| Pages | 3–16 |
| Categories | Theology |
| Author(s) | Richard C. Taylor |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Persian |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Comparative Theology |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue | 12 |
| Pages | 69-84 |
| Categories | Epistemology, Averroism, Theology, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Ali Ghorbani , Fath ali Akbari |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Faṣl al-maqāl, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy. |
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| Title | A Muslim Perspective on Philosophy and Religion: The ‘Decisive Treatise’ of Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2007 |
| Journal | Peripatetikos |
| Volume | 6 |
| Pages | 1-25 |
| Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Law, Theology |
| Author(s) | Thérèse Bonin |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5337","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5337,"authors_free":[{"id":6183,"entry_id":5337,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":1785,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Bonin","free_first_name":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se ","free_last_name":"Bonin","norm_person":{"id":1785,"first_name":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","last_name":"Bonin","full_name":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Bonin","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1197840044","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Bonin"}}],"entry_title":"A Muslim Perspective on Philosophy and Religion: The \u2018Decisive Treatise\u2019 of Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"A Muslim Perspective on Philosophy and Religion: The \u2018Decisive Treatise\u2019 of Averroes"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2007","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1785,"full_name":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Bonin","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5337,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Peripatetikos","volume":"6 ","issue":"","pages":"1-25"}},"sort":["A Muslim Perspective on Philosophy and Religion: The \u2018Decisive Treatise\u2019 of Averroes"]}
| Title | Al-Farabi and Ibn Rushd on the Correlation between Philosophy and Religion |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2007 |
| Journal | Comparative Islamic Studies |
| Volume | 3 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 247–253 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Theology |
| Author(s) | Ainur D. Kurmanalieva |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Aquinas, Ghazali, and Averroes on the Age of the Universe. Response to Massey |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2008 |
| Journal | Divinatio |
| Volume | 28 |
| Pages | 171–194 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Thomas, Theology, Cosmology |
| Author(s) | Chryssi Sidiropoulou |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5376","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5376,"authors_free":[{"id":6228,"entry_id":5376,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1323,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Chryssi Sidiropoulou","free_first_name":"Chryssi","free_last_name":"Sidiropoulou","norm_person":{"id":1323,"first_name":"Chryssi","last_name":"Sidiropoulou","full_name":"Chryssi Sidiropoulou","short_ident":"ChrSid","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Chryssi Sidiropoulou"}}],"entry_title":"Aquinas, Ghazali, and Averroes on the Age of the Universe. Response to Massey","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Aquinas, Ghazali, and Averroes on the Age of the Universe. Response to Massey"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2008","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":51,"category_name":"Thomas","link":"bib?categories[]=Thomas"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":19,"category_name":"Cosmology","link":"bib?categories[]=Cosmology"}],"authors":[{"id":1323,"full_name":"Chryssi Sidiropoulou","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5376,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Divinatio","volume":"28 ","issue":"","pages":"171\u2013194"}},"sort":["Aquinas, Ghazali, and Averroes on the Age of the Universe. Response to Massey"]}
| Title | Arnau de Vilanova. els limits de la raó teològica. Arnau en oposició a Averroes, Maimònides y Tomàs de Aquino |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 1989 |
| Journal | Estudi general |
| Volume | 9 |
| Pages | 31–60 |
| Categories | Theology |
| Author(s) | F. J. Fortuny |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"912","_score":null,"_source":{"id":912,"authors_free":[{"id":1080,"entry_id":912,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":902,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"F. J. Fortuny","free_first_name":"F. J.","free_last_name":"Fortuny","norm_person":{"id":902,"first_name":"Francesc J.","last_name":"Fortuny","full_name":"Francesc J. Fortuny","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/71478635","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Francesc J. Fortuny"}}],"entry_title":"Arnau de Vilanova. els limits de la ra\u00f3 teol\u00f2gica. Arnau en oposici\u00f3 a Averroes, Maim\u00f2nides y Tom\u00e0s de Aquino","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Arnau de Vilanova. els limits de la ra\u00f3 teol\u00f2gica. Arnau en oposici\u00f3 a Averroes, Maim\u00f2nides y Tom\u00e0s de Aquino"},"abstract":null,"btype":3,"date":"1989","language":"French","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":902,"full_name":"Francesc J. Fortuny","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":912,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Estudi general","volume":"9","issue":null,"pages":"31\u201360"}},"sort":["Arnau de Vilanova. els limits de la ra\u00f3 teol\u00f2gica. Arnau en oposici\u00f3 a Averroes, Maim\u00f2nides y Tom\u00e0s de Aquino"]}
| Title | Assentimento religioso e Filosofia no Fasl al-maqal de Averróis |
| Translation | Religious assent and Philosophy in Averroes’ Fasl al-maqal |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | DoisPontos |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 113-132 |
| Categories | Law, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | Arthur Klik |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| O Fasl al-maqal, umas das obras originais de Averróis, se destaca por seu caráter polêmico. Sendo redigida como um pronunciamento jurídico, tem como um de seus objetivos principais analisar o estatuto da filosofia em face da Lei islâmica, ao verificar qual é a atitude que deve ser adotada por todo aquele que travar contato com as obras da antiguidade grega. Em um cenário em que a legitimidade da filosofia se coloca em questão, o diagnóstico e a solução propostos por Averróis se destacam ao apresentar uma interpretação singular da Lei ante a filosofia, concebendo a segunda como um elemento necessário para a saúde da comunidade. Este artigo pretende analisar essa interpretação, na qual três pontos se colocam na consideração da relação entre filosofia e revelação: o (1) asseguramento da possibilidade do assentimento religioso individual e (2) da manutenção do bem-estar geral junto à (3) possibilidade de se afirmar a legitimidade de um intérprete que garanta o assentimento correto aos crentes não filósofos An original work of Averroes, the Fasl al-maqal is remarked by its controversial character. Composed as a juridical statement, one of its main goals is to analyze the role of philosophy in Islamic Law determining which attitude must be adopted by those aware of the works of Greek antiquity. Facing a problematic scenario in which the legitimacy of philosophy is putted in question, the diagnosis and solution proposed by Averroes emphasizes a unique interpretation of the Law guided by Philosophy devised as a required element to achieve community welfare. This article intends to analyze that interpretation in which three points arise about the relationship between philosophy and revelation: (1) the insurance of the individual possibility of religious assent; (2) the endurance of common welfare, both associated to (3) the possibility of assert the legitimacy of an interpreter able to assure the correct assent to common believers |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5560","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5560,"authors_free":[{"id":6454,"entry_id":5560,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Arthur Klik","free_first_name":"Arthur ","free_last_name":"Klik","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Assentimento religioso e Filosofia no Fasl al-maqal de Averr\u00f3is","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"Religious assent and Philosophy in Averroes\u2019 Fasl al-maqal","main_title":{"title":"Assentimento religioso e Filosofia no Fasl al-maqal de Averr\u00f3is"},"abstract":"O Fasl al-maqal, umas das obras originais de Averr\u00f3is, se destaca por seu car\u00e1ter pol\u00eamico. Sendo redigida como um pronunciamento jur\u00eddico, tem como um de seus objetivos principais analisar o estatuto da filosofia em face da Lei isl\u00e2mica, ao verificar qual \u00e9 a atitude que deve ser adotada por todo aquele que travar contato com as obras da antiguidade grega. Em um cen\u00e1rio em que a legitimidade da filosofia se coloca em quest\u00e3o, o diagn\u00f3stico e a solu\u00e7\u00e3o propostos por Averr\u00f3is se destacam ao apresentar uma interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o singular da Lei ante a filosofia, concebendo a segunda como um elemento necess\u00e1rio para a sa\u00fade da comunidade. Este artigo pretende analisar essa interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o, na qual tr\u00eas pontos se colocam na considera\u00e7\u00e3o da rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre filosofia e revela\u00e7\u00e3o: o (1) \r\nasseguramento da possibilidade do assentimento religioso individual e (2) da manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do bem-estar geral junto \u00e0 (3) possibilidade de se afirmar a legitimidade de um int\u00e9rprete que garanta o assentimento correto aos crentes n\u00e3o fil\u00f3sofos \r\n\r\nAn original work of Averroes, the Fasl al-maqal is remarked by its controversial character. Composed as a juridical statement, one of its main goals is to analyze the role of philosophy in Islamic Law determining which attitude must be adopted by those aware of the works of Greek antiquity. Facing a problematic scenario in which the legitimacy of philosophy is putted in question, the diagnosis and solution proposed by Averroes emphasizes a unique interpretation of the Law guided by Philosophy devised as a required element to achieve community welfare. This article intends to analyze that interpretation in which three points arise about the relationship between philosophy and revelation: (1) the insurance of the individual possibility of religious assent; (2) the endurance of \r\ncommon welfare, both associated to (3) the possibility of assert the legitimacy of an interpreter able to assure the correct assent to common believers","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"Portuguese","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5560,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"DoisPontos","volume":"18","issue":"1","pages":"113-132"}},"sort":["Assentimento religioso e Filosofia no Fasl al-maqal de Averr\u00f3is"]}
| Title | Atributos divinos y el problema de la unicidad en Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Praxis Filosófica |
| Volume | 50 |
| Pages | 65-88 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, Theology |
| Author(s) | Joen Laureth Delgado Gómez , Diego Giovanni Castellanos |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| El artículo aborda la discusión acerca de la unicidad divina y la existencia de atributos, tanto en la filosofía como en la teología islámica medieval, haciendo énfasis en la obra de Averroes. Se analiza cómo en el pensamiento Islámico, al tiempo que se afirma el dogma de la unicidad divina se sostiene la existencia de atributos reales, apuntando directamente a conceptos dialecticos como unidad y multiplicidad, identidad y diferencia, o igualdad y alteridad. Así mismo, partiendo del análisis de su obra, se busca mostrar la manera en la que el pensador cordobés legitimó el uso de la razón filosófica como camino optimo y recomendado para el abordaje de las verdades religiosas. Se considera que Averroes avanzó en una doctrina teológico-filosófica particular diferente del asharismo que se estaba imponiendo en la época, resistiéndose a Al Ghazali, y reivindicando el valor la perspectiva peripatética para enriquecer el debate en el Islam. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5577","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5577,"authors_free":[{"id":6472,"entry_id":5577,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Joen Laureth Delgado G\u00f3mez","free_first_name":"Joen Laureth Delgado ","free_last_name":" G\u00f3mez","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}},{"id":6473,"entry_id":5577,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Diego Giovanni Castellanos","free_first_name":"Diego Giovanni ","free_last_name":"Castellanos","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Atributos divinos y el problema de la unicidad en Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Atributos divinos y el problema de la unicidad en Averroes"},"abstract":"El art\u00edculo aborda la discusi\u00f3n acerca de la unicidad divina y la existencia de atributos, tanto en la filosof\u00eda como en la teolog\u00eda isl\u00e1mica medieval, haciendo \u00e9nfasis en la obra de Averroes. Se analiza c\u00f3mo en el pensamiento Isl\u00e1mico, al tiempo que se afirma el dogma de la unicidad divina se sostiene la existencia de atributos reales, apuntando directamente a conceptos dialecticos como unidad y multiplicidad, identidad y diferencia, o igualdad y alteridad. As\u00ed mismo, partiendo del an\u00e1lisis de su obra, se busca mostrar la manera en la que el pensador cordob\u00e9s legitim\u00f3 el uso de la raz\u00f3n filos\u00f3fica como camino optimo y recomendado para el abordaje de las verdades religiosas. Se considera que Averroes avanz\u00f3 en una doctrina teol\u00f3gico-filos\u00f3fica particular diferente del asharismo que se estaba imponiendo en la \u00e9poca, resisti\u00e9ndose a Al Ghazali, y reivindicando el valor la perspectiva peripat\u00e9tica para enriquecer el debate en el Islam. ","btype":3,"date":"2020","language":"Spanish","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25100\/pfilosofica.v0i50.8838","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1},{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5577,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Praxis Filos\u00f3fica","volume":"50","issue":"","pages":"65-88"}},"sort":["Atributos divinos y el problema de la unicidad en Averroes"]}
| Title | Averroes and Maimonides on Equivocal Terms in the Qur’ân and the Torah |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | The Muslim World |
| Volume | 109 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 615–626 |
| Categories | Maimonides, Theology |
| Author(s) | Terence J. Kleven |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This essay is a brief exploration of the Scriptural exegesis of the most noteworthy sons of Cordoba, Averroes or Ibn Rushd (1126-1198) and Moses Maimonides or Rambam (1135-1204). We will examine the manner of their exegesis of the Scriptural texts, the Qur'an and the Torah, of their respective religious communities. Although Averroes is nine years older than Maimonides, they are near contemporaries. We do not know whether in their youths these Cordobans ever met; they will emerge as two of the most renowned scholars and judges of their communities. |
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