Title | Averroes' Middle Commentary on Book I of the Nicomachean Ethics |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2014 |
Journal | Oriens |
Volume | 42 |
Issue | 1-2 |
Pages | 254-287 |
Categories | Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Commentary |
Author(s) | Steven Harvey , Frédérique Woerther |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
The conventional view of the previous century that Averroes’ middle commentaries (talāḫīṣ) on Aristotle are all of the same form and style is no longer tenable. A full and accurate account of the similarities and differences among Averroes’ talāḫīṣ on Aristotle must consider all of them. Perhaps the least studied and least known of these middle commentaries is the one on the Nicomachean Ethics, a text which is extant today only in a critically edited medieval Hebrew translation and an as yet unedited medieval Latin translation. The two authors of the present article have each studied chapters of this commentary independently of each other and have reached different conclusions concerning its value. In this article they present a careful examination of the first book of Averroes’ commentary via its Hebrew translation and Latin translation (primarily through the two oldest and most reliable manuscripts of it) in comparison with the medieval Arabic translation of the Nicomachean Ethics that was used by Averroes (and in light of Aristotle’s Greek text). This study shows an Averroean middle commentary that is not very original and not particularly helpful, especially, for example, when compared to the quite different middle commentaries on Aristotle’s books on natural science. Indeed, he often seems to do little more than copy—not even paraphrase—the Arabic translation. On the other hand, Averroes does not hesitate to insert words as he copies in order to make the text clearer and easier to understand. Where lengthier explanations are needed, they too are attempted, at times in response to problematic translations in the Arabic text before him. |
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Title | Les translittérations dans la version latine du Commentaire moyen à l’Éthique à Nicomaque d’Averroès |
Type | Article |
Language | French |
Date | 2014 |
Journal | Bulletin de Philosophie médiévale |
Volume | 56 |
Pages | 61–89 |
Categories | Commentary, Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Transmission |
Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
The present discussion derives from a larger research project that concerns the medieval Latin translation of Averroes’ Middle Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics. The translation was carried out by Hermann the German in Toledo in 1240. I am concerned here specifically with nine passages that are distributed over three chapters of the Commentary (II.7; IV.1-3) in which the Latin translation is sprinkled with transliterations based on Greek and Arabic terms. These transliterations, which are not glosses, can be understood on several levels, and these, in turn, raise questions about the boundary between transliteration proper and translation that borrows from the source language a term which is then integrated into the Latin lexicon in the form of a calque or ‘loan translation’. Examining these transliterations makes it possible, first, to show that the translator does not follow a uniform method throughout the text, which could imply the existence of several translators or several collaborators with distinct and exclusive areas of expertise, and second, to advance the hypothesis that a Greek copy of the Nicomachean Ethics was available at the time the translation was being executed in 1240. Finally, the discussion of transliterations makes it possible to confirm certain emendations proposed by Ullman in the Arabic edition of the Nicomachean Ethics published by Akasoy and Fidora, as well as to suggest a primary classification of the surviving manuscripts of the Latin version of the Middle Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics. |
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Title | Le commentaire par Averroès du chapitre 9 du livre X de l'Éthique à Nicomaque. Pédagogie de la contrainte, habitudes et lois |
Type | Article |
Language | French |
Date | 2009 |
Journal | Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph |
Volume | 62 |
Pages | 353–380 |
Categories | Ethics, Commentary |
Author(s) | Maroun Aouad , Frédérique Woerther |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
Le texte arabe n'étant pas conservé, les notions en question sont étudiées à partir des versions hébraïque et latin, cette dernière datée de 1260 [p. 367, 378, ou «1240», p. 354 et 355], conservée dans treize mss et treize fois éditée entre 1483 et 1575; on y distingue trois rédactions, la première elle-même connaissant deux versions dont la seconde, celle de deux mss et de l'éd. de 1483, procéderait d'une révision sur le texte arabe postérieure à Hermann; la deuxième rédaction a connu une division en chapitres entièrement nouvelle et des améliorations philologiques sans recours à l'arabe; la troisième rédaction, dépendant de la seconde version de la première rédaction, se trouve dans des éditions du XVIe s. On transcrit ici, p. 362–367, corrigé au besoin sur l'éd. de 1483, et l'on traduit en français, p. 368–378, le texte de l'éd. de Venise, Junte, 1562, réimpr. Francfort 1962, remontant elle aussi à la réd. I, version 2, selon J. B. Korolec, «Mittlerer Kommentar von Averroes zur Nikomachischen Ethic des Aristoteles», Mediaevalia philosophica Polonorum 31, 1992, p. 61–118 |
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Title | Les noms propres dans le Commentaire moyen à l’Éthique à Nicomaque d’Averroès. Contribution à une étude sur les traductions latine et hébraïque du Commentaire, |
Type | Article |
Language | French |
Date | 2017 |
Journal | Bulletin de Philosophie Médiévale |
Volume | 59 |
Pages | 3–32 |
Categories | Commentary, Nicomachean ethics |
Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
Les présentes remarques se proposent d’observer la façon dont les noms propres ont été traités par Averroès dans son Commentaire moyen à l’Éthique à Nicomaque (= CmEN), rédigé à partir de la traduction arabe du traité aristotélicien (ENar), dont une seule copie unique existe aujourd’hui, conservée dans la bibliothèque Quaraouiyine de Fès. Perdu dans sa version originale arabe, ce Commentaire n’existe – à l’exception d’une trentaine de petits fragments – que dans sa traduction latine, réalisée en 1240 par Hermann l’Allemand, et dans sa traduction hébraïque, achevée par Samuel de Marseille en 1340. Analyser l’attitude d’Averroès devant les noms propres de ENar, qui pour la plupart ont été translittérés par le traducteur arabe, entraîne par voie de conséquence un examen de la façon dont Hermann et Samuel ont à leur tour réagi face à des noms propres (quand ils ont été conservés par Averroès dans son Commentaire), dont ils ne connaissaient pas nécessairement les référents puisqu’ils appartiennent à une aire culturelle différente de la leur. |
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Title | Les translittérations dans la version latine du Commentaire moyen à l’Éthique à Nicomaque d’Averroès |
Type | Article |
Language | French |
Date | 2014 |
Journal | Bulletin de Philosophie médiévale |
Volume | 56 |
Pages | 61–89 |
Categories | Commentary, Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Transmission |
Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
The present discussion derives from a larger research project that concerns the medieval Latin translation of Averroes’ Middle Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics. The translation was carried out by Hermann the German in Toledo in 1240. I am concerned here specifically with nine passages that are distributed over three chapters of the Commentary (II.7; IV.1-3) in which the Latin translation is sprinkled with transliterations based on Greek and Arabic terms. These transliterations, which are not glosses, can be understood on several levels, and these, in turn, raise questions about the boundary between transliteration proper and translation that borrows from the source language a term which is then integrated into the Latin lexicon in the form of a calque or ‘loan translation’. Examining these transliterations makes it possible, first, to show that the translator does not follow a uniform method throughout the text, which could imply the existence of several translators or several collaborators with distinct and exclusive areas of expertise, and second, to advance the hypothesis that a Greek copy of the Nicomachean Ethics was available at the time the translation was being executed in 1240. Finally, the discussion of transliterations makes it possible to confirm certain emendations proposed by Ullman in the Arabic edition of the Nicomachean Ethics published by Akasoy and Fidora, as well as to suggest a primary classification of the surviving manuscripts of the Latin version of the Middle Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics. |
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Title | ‘...donc le bonheur ne réside pas dans le jeu’: Quelques brèves remarques sur le Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à l’Éthique à Nicomaque, X, 6 |
Type | Book Section |
Language | French |
Date | 2021 |
Published in | The Pursuit of Happiness in Medieval Jewish and Islamic Thought. Studies Dedicated to Steven Harvey |
Pages | 215–226 |
Categories | Commentary, Ethics, Aristotle |
Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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