Redefining the Miraculous: al-Ghazâlî, Ibn Rushd and Said Nursi on Qur’anic Miracle Stories, 2011
By: Isra Yazicioglu
Title Redefining the Miraculous: al-Ghazâlî, Ibn Rushd and Said Nursi on Qur’anic Miracle Stories
Translation إعادة تحديد اﻷمر المعجز: آراء الغزالي وابن رشد وسعيد النورسي في قصص المعجزات
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal Journal of Qur’anic Studies
Volume 13
Issue 2
Pages 86–108
Categories Natural Philosophy, Theology, al-Ġazālī
Author(s) Isra Yazicioglu
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Miracle stories in sacred texts have been a source of both fascination and heated debate across religious traditions. Qur'anic miracle stories are especially interesting because they are part of a discourse that also de-emphasises the miraculous. By looking at how three scholars have engaged with Qur'anic miracle stories, I here investigate how these narratives have been interpreted in diverse and fruitful ways. The first part of the article analyses how two medieval scholars, al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1 111) and Ibn Rushd (d. 595/1198), engaged with the implications of miracle stories. Taking his cue from miracle stories, al-Ghazālī offered a sophisticated critique of natural determinism and suggested that the natural order should be perceived as a constantly renewed divine gift. In contrast, Ibn Rushd dismissed al-Ghazālī's critique as sophistry and maintained that accepting the possibility that the natural order might be suspended was an affront to human knowledge and science. In the second part, I turn to Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1870-1960), whose interpretation offers a crystallisation of al-Ghazālī's insights as well as, surprisingly, an indirect confirmation of Ibn Rushd's concerns about human knowledge and science. Nursi redefines the miraculous in light of miracle stories, and interprets them as reminders of 'everyday miracles' and as encouragements to improve science and technology in God's name. ظلت قصص المعجزات في الكتب الديننة أمراﹰ شائقاﹰ ومدار جدل ساخن في تعاليم اﻷديان المختلفة. وقصص المعجزات في القرآن ذات أهمية ﺧﺎﺻﺔ فهي جزء من خطاب يزيل ـ أيضاﹰ ـ التركيز على المعجز. وبالنظر في كيفية تعامل ﺛﻼﺛﺔ من العلماء مع قصص المعجزات أحاول في هذا المقال أن أتبين كيف تم تفسير هذه القصص بطرق مختلفة ومثمرة معاﹰ. وفي الجزء اﻷول من المقال نحلل كيف تعامل مفكران من الماضي هما الغزالي (ت 1111/505 ﻫ) وابن رشد (ت 1198/59 ﻫ) مع مضامين قصص المعجزات. فبناء على قصص المعجزات عرض الغزالي نقداﹰ حصيفاﹰ للحتمية الطبيعية واقترح أن تنظر ﺇلى الوضع الطبيعي على أنه منحة إلهية تتجدد باستمرار. وفي المقابل رفض ابن رشد نقد الغزالي واعتبره سفسطة وقال أن قبول احتمال تعطيل الوضع الطبيعي يجابه المعرفة اﻹنسانية والعلم. وفي الحزء الثاني من المقال تتناول بديع الزمان سعيد النورسي (1870 - 1960) الذي يمزج في تفسيره بين فراسة العزالي واهتمام ابن رشد بالمعرفة اﻹنسانية والعلم. ويعيد النورسي تحديد المعجز في ضوء قصص المعجزات ويقول إنها تذكرنا " بالمعجزات اليومية " وتشجعنا على التقدم في العلم والتكنولوجيا باسم اللّه .

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Qur'anic miracle stories are especially interesting because they are part of a discourse that also de-emphasises the miraculous. By looking at how three scholars have engaged with Qur'anic miracle stories, I here investigate how these narratives have been interpreted in diverse and fruitful ways. The first part of the article analyses how two medieval scholars, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b (d. 505\/1 111) and Ibn Rushd (d. 595\/1198), engaged with the implications of miracle stories. Taking his cue from miracle stories, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b offered a sophisticated critique of natural determinism and suggested that the natural order should be perceived as a constantly renewed divine gift. In contrast, Ibn Rushd dismissed al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b's critique as sophistry and maintained that accepting the possibility that the natural order might be suspended was an affront to human knowledge and science. In the second part, I turn to Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1870-1960), whose interpretation offers a crystallisation of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b's insights as well as, surprisingly, an indirect confirmation of Ibn Rushd's concerns about human knowledge and science. Nursi redefines the miraculous in light of miracle stories, and interprets them as reminders of 'everyday miracles' and as encouragements to improve science and technology in God's name.\r\n\r\n\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\ufe70 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627\ufe70 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\ufef7\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \ufea7\ufe8e\ufebb\ufe94 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0640 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\ufe70 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \ufe9b\ufefc\ufe9b\ufe94 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\ufe70. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\ufef7\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a 1111\/505 \ufeeb) \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f (\u062a 1198\/59 \ufeeb) \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0627\ufe70 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0627\ufe70 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \ufe87\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\ufef9\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a (1870 - 1960) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\ufef9\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \" \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \" \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647 .","btype":3,"date":"2011","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":38,"category_name":"Natural Philosophy","link":"bib?categories[]=Natural Philosophy"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"}],"authors":[{"id":1754,"full_name":"Isra Yazicioglu","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5381,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Journal of Qur\u2019anic Studies","volume":"13","issue":"2","pages":"86\u2013108"}},"sort":[2011]}

Redefining the Miraculous: al-Ghazâlî, Ibn Rushd and Said Nursi on Qur’anic Miracle Stories, 2011
By: Isra Yazicioglu
Title Redefining the Miraculous: al-Ghazâlî, Ibn Rushd and Said Nursi on Qur’anic Miracle Stories
Translation إعادة تحديد اﻷمر المعجز: آراء الغزالي وابن رشد وسعيد النورسي في قصص المعجزات
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal Journal of Qur’anic Studies
Volume 13
Issue 2
Pages 86–108
Categories Natural Philosophy, Theology, al-Ġazālī
Author(s) Isra Yazicioglu
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Miracle stories in sacred texts have been a source of both fascination and heated debate across religious traditions. Qur'anic miracle stories are especially interesting because they are part of a discourse that also de-emphasises the miraculous. By looking at how three scholars have engaged with Qur'anic miracle stories, I here investigate how these narratives have been interpreted in diverse and fruitful ways. The first part of the article analyses how two medieval scholars, al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1 111) and Ibn Rushd (d. 595/1198), engaged with the implications of miracle stories. Taking his cue from miracle stories, al-Ghazālī offered a sophisticated critique of natural determinism and suggested that the natural order should be perceived as a constantly renewed divine gift. In contrast, Ibn Rushd dismissed al-Ghazālī's critique as sophistry and maintained that accepting the possibility that the natural order might be suspended was an affront to human knowledge and science. In the second part, I turn to Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1870-1960), whose interpretation offers a crystallisation of al-Ghazālī's insights as well as, surprisingly, an indirect confirmation of Ibn Rushd's concerns about human knowledge and science. Nursi redefines the miraculous in light of miracle stories, and interprets them as reminders of 'everyday miracles' and as encouragements to improve science and technology in God's name. ظلت قصص المعجزات في الكتب الديننة أمراﹰ شائقاﹰ ومدار جدل ساخن في تعاليم اﻷديان المختلفة. وقصص المعجزات في القرآن ذات أهمية ﺧﺎﺻﺔ فهي جزء من خطاب يزيل ـ أيضاﹰ ـ التركيز على المعجز. وبالنظر في كيفية تعامل ﺛﻼﺛﺔ من العلماء مع قصص المعجزات أحاول في هذا المقال أن أتبين كيف تم تفسير هذه القصص بطرق مختلفة ومثمرة معاﹰ. وفي الجزء اﻷول من المقال نحلل كيف تعامل مفكران من الماضي هما الغزالي (ت 1111/505 ﻫ) وابن رشد (ت 1198/59 ﻫ) مع مضامين قصص المعجزات. فبناء على قصص المعجزات عرض الغزالي نقداﹰ حصيفاﹰ للحتمية الطبيعية واقترح أن تنظر ﺇلى الوضع الطبيعي على أنه منحة إلهية تتجدد باستمرار. وفي المقابل رفض ابن رشد نقد الغزالي واعتبره سفسطة وقال أن قبول احتمال تعطيل الوضع الطبيعي يجابه المعرفة اﻹنسانية والعلم. وفي الحزء الثاني من المقال تتناول بديع الزمان سعيد النورسي (1870 - 1960) الذي يمزج في تفسيره بين فراسة العزالي واهتمام ابن رشد بالمعرفة اﻹنسانية والعلم. ويعيد النورسي تحديد المعجز في ضوء قصص المعجزات ويقول إنها تذكرنا " بالمعجزات اليومية " وتشجعنا على التقدم في العلم والتكنولوجيا باسم اللّه .

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Qur'anic miracle stories are especially interesting because they are part of a discourse that also de-emphasises the miraculous. By looking at how three scholars have engaged with Qur'anic miracle stories, I here investigate how these narratives have been interpreted in diverse and fruitful ways. The first part of the article analyses how two medieval scholars, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b (d. 505\/1 111) and Ibn Rushd (d. 595\/1198), engaged with the implications of miracle stories. Taking his cue from miracle stories, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b offered a sophisticated critique of natural determinism and suggested that the natural order should be perceived as a constantly renewed divine gift. In contrast, Ibn Rushd dismissed al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b's critique as sophistry and maintained that accepting the possibility that the natural order might be suspended was an affront to human knowledge and science. In the second part, I turn to Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1870-1960), whose interpretation offers a crystallisation of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b's insights as well as, surprisingly, an indirect confirmation of Ibn Rushd's concerns about human knowledge and science. 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