| Title | Notes on Averroes’s Political Teaching |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 133–159 |
| Categories | Politics, Transmission |
| Author(s) | Shlomo Pines , Alexander Orwin |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The original Hebrew was published in Iyyun: The Jerusalem Philosophical Quarterly 8 (April 1957): 65–84. A complete English translation follows. No commentary on the Politics can be counted among Averroes's commentaries on Aristotle's works. The Arab philosopher recognized, at a certain point, this deficiency. He thought at first that Aristotle's political teaching was contained at the end of the Nicomachean Ethics, until the existence of this other book become known to him. But here is this problem: the Politics never reached the western regions of Islam. Was it never translated into Arabic in the Middle Ages? There is some evidence for this assumption, although the question still remains open. Having no other option, Averroes composed a commentary or, more correctly, a summary with some additional remarks on Plato's Republic. It appears, as Rosenthal has shown, that Averroes was influenced in his efforts by an abridged paraphrase of that book, a work of Galen that has not come down to us. But he also pursued his commentary in the tradition of Alfarabi, on whom the political books of Plato had a decisive influence. In the text under discussion. Averroes draws from the writings of Alfarabi, and even quotes them on occasion. The Arabic original of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” has not been preserved. A Hebrew translation of it has, however, come down to us, from the pen of Samuel ben Judah of Marseilles, who reviewed his translation and revised it twice between the years 1320 and 1322. So has a Latin translation made in 1539 on the basis of the Hebrew translation. This last translation, the work of Jacob Mantino, a Jewish doctor from Tortosa, was printed in Venice among the writings of Aristotle in 1550. It is, however, a rather free translation that should be trusted only to a very limited degree. Rosenthal has therefore performed a great service in bringing before an audience of those interested in medieval thought one of the most important texts belonging to the field of political philosophy. The agreeable result includes, in addition to the Hebrew text, a translation of that text into English, an introduction, and notes, several of which are of fundamental significance. The Hebrew manuscripts are full of challenges, and it is E. Rosenthal's great achievement to have managed, through many years of diligent work, to overcome most of the difficulties lurking in this text. |
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A complete English translation follows.\r\n\r\nNo commentary on the Politics can be counted among Averroes's commentaries on Aristotle's works. The Arab philosopher recognized, at a certain point, this deficiency. He thought at first that Aristotle's political teaching was contained at the end of the Nicomachean Ethics, until the existence of this other book become known to him. But here is this problem: the Politics never reached the western regions of Islam. Was it never translated into Arabic in the Middle Ages? There is some evidence for this assumption, although the question still remains open.\r\n\r\nHaving no other option, Averroes composed a commentary or, more correctly, a summary with some additional remarks on Plato's Republic. It appears, as Rosenthal has shown, that Averroes was influenced in his efforts by an abridged paraphrase of that book, a work of Galen that has not come down to us. But he also pursued his commentary in the tradition of Alfarabi, on whom the political books of Plato had a decisive influence. In the text under discussion. Averroes draws from the writings of Alfarabi, and even quotes them on occasion.\r\n\r\nThe Arabic original of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic\u201d has not been preserved. A Hebrew translation of it has, however, come down to us, from the pen of Samuel ben Judah of Marseilles, who reviewed his translation and revised it twice between the years 1320 and 1322. So has a Latin translation made in 1539 on the basis of the Hebrew translation. This last translation, the work of Jacob Mantino, a Jewish doctor from Tortosa, was printed in Venice among the writings of Aristotle in 1550. It is, however, a rather free translation that should be trusted only to a very limited degree. Rosenthal has therefore performed a great service in bringing before an audience of those interested in medieval thought one of the most important texts belonging to the field of political philosophy. The agreeable result includes, in addition to the Hebrew text, a translation of that text into English, an introduction, and notes, several of which are of fundamental significance.\r\n\r\nThe Hebrew manuscripts are full of challenges, and it is E. Rosenthal's great achievement to have managed, through many years of diligent work, to overcome most of the difficulties lurking in this text.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.007","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":40,"category_name":"Transmission","link":"bib?categories[]=Transmission"}],"authors":[{"id":840,"full_name":"Shlomo Pines","role":1},{"id":1790,"full_name":" Alexander Orwin","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5352,"section_of":5346,"pages":"133\u2013159","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. 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| Title | The Essential Qualities of the Ruler in Averroes’s Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 212–232 |
| Categories | Politics |
| Author(s) | Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Political discourse in the Islamic world has a threefold classical heritage— Islamic, Persian, and Greek, each representing a different genre. These three genres of discourse were first elaborated under the same historical circumstances in the tenth century, often by the same authors. The religious discourse includes the political, since it has a dual function: on the one hand, it aims to safeguard the prophetic tradition; on the other hand, it aims to administer earthly interests. This discourse culminates in the theory of the imamate elaborated by the jurist Al-Māwardī, which we shall address later Of Persian origin, the “mirrors of princes” or royal genre literature portrays the art of ruling and the model of virtue imposed on the prince. It represents a literary genre that predates the emergence of Islam. There are two categories of “mirrors”: those composed through a series of fables, and those organized by ideas and concepts. Those composed of fables, like Kalila and Dimna, tell stories with moral content aimed at teaching moral principles to the ruler; the conceptual “mirrors,” meanwhile, deal with the organization of royal duties, while also conveying political and moral instruction. The influence of Persian and Indian moral thinking in the Islamic tradition precedes the entrance of Greek ethics. Its principal representative is Ibn Muqaffaʿ (ca. 720–ca. 756), a courtier of Persian origin who gained fame as a promoter of the refined culture that developed under the Abbasids. Ibn Muqaffaʿ was known for integrating the literature of Persian and Indian origins into the Arab milieu. His most celebrated work, Kitāb Kalīla wa-Dimna, is an Arabic version of the collection of Indian fables dating back to the Panjatantra and to the Tantrākhyāyka; this was “designed to enrich political talent in the reader, unfolding before his eyes the spectacle of the royal political world, with all its activities, struggles, and evolutions, while at the same time explaining to the reader the interests, passions, and motivations that make each of the players act and the causes and consequences of their behavior.” The transmission of these fables constitutes one of the first monuments of Arabic prose, in which emphasis is given to profane wisdom that teaches political prudence and at the same time celebrates the virtues of friendship. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5356","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5356,"authors_free":[{"id":6207,"entry_id":5356,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1347,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira","free_first_name":"Rosalie Helena","free_last_name":"de Souza Pereira","norm_person":{"id":1347,"first_name":"Rosalie Helena","last_name":"de Souza Pereira","full_name":"Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/121640755","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira"}}],"entry_title":"The Essential Qualities of the Ruler in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Essential Qualities of the Ruler in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"Political discourse in the Islamic world has a threefold classical heritage\u2014 Islamic, Persian, and Greek, each representing a different genre. These three genres of discourse were first elaborated under the same historical circumstances in the tenth century, often by the same authors.\r\n\r\nThe religious discourse includes the political, since it has a dual function: on the one hand, it aims to safeguard the prophetic tradition; on the other hand, it aims to administer earthly interests. This discourse culminates in the theory of the imamate elaborated by the jurist Al-M\u0101ward\u012b, which we shall address later\r\n\r\nOf Persian origin, the \u201cmirrors of princes\u201d or royal genre literature portrays the art of ruling and the model of virtue imposed on the prince. It represents a literary genre that predates the emergence of Islam. There are two categories of \u201cmirrors\u201d: those composed through a series of fables, and those organized by ideas and concepts. Those composed of fables, like Kalila and Dimna, tell stories with moral content aimed at teaching moral principles to the ruler; the conceptual \u201cmirrors,\u201d meanwhile, deal with the organization of royal duties, while also conveying political and moral instruction.\r\n\r\nThe influence of Persian and Indian moral thinking in the Islamic tradition precedes the entrance of Greek ethics. Its principal representative is Ibn Muqaffa\u02bf (ca. 720\u2013ca. 756), a courtier of Persian origin who gained fame as a promoter of the refined culture that developed under the Abbasids. Ibn Muqaffa\u02bf was known for integrating the literature of Persian and Indian origins into the Arab milieu. His most celebrated work, Kit\u0101b Kal\u012bla wa-Dimna, is an Arabic version of the collection of Indian fables dating back to the Panjatantra and to the Tantr\u0101khy\u0101yka; this was \u201cdesigned to enrich political talent in the reader, unfolding before his eyes the spectacle of the royal political world, with all its activities, struggles, and evolutions, while at the same time explaining to the reader the interests, passions, and motivations that make each of the players act and the causes and consequences of their behavior.\u201d The transmission of these fables constitutes one of the first monuments of Arabic prose, in which emphasis is given to profane wisdom that teaches political prudence and at the same time celebrates the virtues of friendship.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.011","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"}],"authors":[{"id":1347,"full_name":"Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5356,"section_of":5346,"pages":"212\u2013232","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Music, Poetry, and Politics in Averroes’s Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 87–110 |
| Categories | Poetics, Politics, Plato |
| Author(s) | Douglas Kries |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| As our title announces, the current essay will explore three subjects that, in Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” lead from one into another, almost like a short series of stepping-stones. The first part of the essay will consider the treatment of music in the Commentary, arguing that Averroes effectively reduces music to poetry. The second of the stepping-stones will show that the Commentary credits poetry with educating the young especially and in that way transforms poetry into a political art for disciplining and educating citizens. The third will take up the question of the Andalusian's extended criticism of poetry's common practice of offering pleasurable prizes and rewards for virtue and show how the Commentator applies this criticism of poetry to the very author on whom he is commenting. In pursuing all three of these questions, we will focus squarely on Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” attempting to understand that text on its own terms but against its obvious background, the Republic of Plato. Nevertheless, in pursuing the teaching of The Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” we cannot neglect the important research that has been done in recent decades on classical Islamic philosophy's understanding of Aristotle's Organon generally and of the Poetics in particular. We will therefore turn to the reports of other scholars on these aspects of Averroes, at least to the extent that such reports will be helpful in enabling us to understand better the Commentary on Plato's “Republic.” In the Republic, Plato initiates his analysis of the education of the guardians with a discussion of music in the latter portions of book 2; that discussion extends through much of book 3. Averroes's corresponding treatment of the education of the guardians through music is in the “First Treatise” of the Commentary, mostly in a relatively lengthy and isolable section that extends from 29.9 through 36.5. During his treatment of music, Plato divides his subject into three parts: “melody is composed of three things—speech, harmonic mode, and rhythm.” Averroes seems to accept this division, although he inverts the order of the three elements: “A melody occurring in a narrative is composed of three things: rhythm, harmonic mode, and the speech to which the melody is set” (34.30–31). |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5350","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5350,"authors_free":[{"id":6200,"entry_id":5350,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Douglas Kries","free_first_name":"Douglas","free_last_name":"Kries","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Music, Poetry, and Politics in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Music, Poetry, and Politics in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"As our title announces, the current essay will explore three subjects that, in Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d lead from one into another, almost like a short series of stepping-stones. The first part of the essay will consider the treatment of music in the Commentary, arguing that Averroes effectively reduces music to poetry. The second of the stepping-stones will show that the Commentary credits poetry with educating the young especially and in that way transforms poetry into a political art for disciplining and educating citizens. The third will take up the question of the Andalusian's extended criticism of poetry's common practice of offering pleasurable prizes and rewards for virtue and show how the Commentator applies this criticism of poetry to the very author on whom he is commenting. In pursuing all three of these questions, we will focus squarely on Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d attempting to understand that text on its own terms but against its obvious background, the Republic of Plato. Nevertheless, in pursuing the teaching of The Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d we cannot neglect the important research that has been done in recent decades on classical Islamic philosophy's understanding of Aristotle's Organon generally and of the Poetics in particular. We will therefore turn to the reports of other scholars on these aspects of Averroes, at least to the extent that such reports will be helpful in enabling us to understand better the Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic.\u201d\r\n\r\nIn the Republic, Plato initiates his analysis of the education of the guardians with a discussion of music in the latter portions of book 2; that discussion extends through much of book 3. Averroes's corresponding treatment of the education of the guardians through music is in the \u201cFirst Treatise\u201d of the Commentary, mostly in a relatively lengthy and isolable section that extends from 29.9 through 36.5. During his treatment of music, Plato divides his subject into three parts: \u201cmelody is composed of three things\u2014speech, harmonic mode, and rhythm.\u201d Averroes seems to accept this division, although he inverts the order of the three elements: \u201cA melody occurring in a narrative is composed of three things: rhythm, harmonic mode, and the speech to which the melody is set\u201d (34.30\u201331).","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.005","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5350,"section_of":5346,"pages":"87\u2013110","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Averroes between Platonic Philosophy and the Sharīʻa |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought |
| Pages | 46-83 |
| Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Tradition and Reception, Plato, Politics, Modern Readings |
| Author(s) | Rasoul Namazi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Chapter 1 is dedicated to the interpretation of a recently discovered, unpublished typescript by Strauss on Averroes’s commentary on Plato’s Republic. In this transcript, available as Appendix A and composed sometime after 1956, Strauss underscores the conflict between philosophy and Islam in Averroes’s commentary on Plato’s Republic. The transcript consists only of short notes and therefore, to reveal its message, it needs to be interpreted in the context of Strauss’s other writings. Strauss’s interpretation of Averroes is based on the idea that Averroes must have been aware of the incompatibility of Islamic revelation with the best regime of Plato. Unlike other scholars, who are mainly preoccupied with Averroes’s access or lack thereof to a reliable translation of Plato’s Republic, Strauss argues that the deficiencies of Averroes’s commentary do not mean that Averroes did not have access to Plato’s Republic; he claims that such apparent deficiencies might be intentional and significant for understanding Averroes’s views. |
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Unlike other scholars, who are mainly preoccupied with Averroes\u2019s access or lack thereof to a reliable translation of Plato\u2019s Republic, Strauss argues that the deficiencies of Averroes\u2019s commentary do not mean that Averroes did not have access to Plato\u2019s Republic; he claims that such apparent deficiencies might be intentional and significant for understanding Averroes\u2019s views.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781009105118.003","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":35,"category_name":"Modern Readings","link":"bib?categories[]=Modern Readings"}],"authors":[{"id":1792,"full_name":"Rasoul Namazi","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5618,"section_of":5361,"pages":"46-83","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5361,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"In this book, Rasoul Namazi offers the first in-depth study of Leo Strauss' writings on Islamic political thought, a topic that interested Strauss over the course of his career. Namazi's volume focuses on several important studies by Strauss on Islamic thought. He critically analyzes Strauss's notes on Averroes' commentary on Plato's Republic and also proposes an interpretation of Strauss' theologico-political notes on the Arabian Nights. Namazi also interprets Strauss' essay on Alfarabi's enigmatic treatise, The Philosophy of Plato and provides a detailed commentary on his complex essay devoted to Alfarabi's summary of Plato's Laws. Based on previously unpublished material from Strauss' papers, Namazi's volume provides new insights into Strauss' reflections on religion, philosophy, and politics, and their relationship to wisdom, persecution, divine law, and unbelief in the works of key Muslim thinkers. His work presents Strauss as one of the most innovative historians and scholars of Islamic thought of all time.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5361,"pubplace":"Cambridge","publisher":"Cambridge University Press.","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6212,"entry_id":5361,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1792,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Rasoul Namazi","free_first_name":"Rasoul","free_last_name":"Namazi","norm_person":{"id":1792,"first_name":"Rasoul","last_name":"Namazi","full_name":"Rasoul Namazi","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1218634294","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato’s republic: Ibn Rushd’s perspective on the position and potential of women |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Islamology |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 9-23 |
| Categories | Commentary, Plato, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Tineke Melkebeek |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato’s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato’s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd’s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle’s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle’s teacher, i.e. Plato’s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato’s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd’s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature. |
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| Title | A Theory of Judgment in Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Arab Studies Quarterly |
| Volume | 43 |
| Issue | No. 3 (Summer 2021) |
| Pages | 268–281 |
| Categories | Linguistics, Politics, Rhetoric, Law, Psychology |
| Author(s) | Rayyan Dabbous |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-Fârâbî, Avicenna and Averroes |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | The Aristotelian Tradition in Syriac |
| Pages | 249–259 |
| Categories | Rhetoric, Politics, al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | John W. Watt |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Given the remarkable fact that Aristotle’s Rhetoric appears to have had little influence outside the area of logic in late antiquity, but was very influential in Islamic political philosophy, the chapter examines whether the Syriac tradition can help to explain this development. The late antique Platonic concept of philosophical rhetoric, Themistius’ political thought, and their echoes in the Rhetoric of Antony of Tagrit are examined, and compared with the ideas expressed in the writings on rhetoric of al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Averroes, and Bar Hebraeus. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5108","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5108,"authors_free":[{"id":5883,"entry_id":5108,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1719,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"John W. Watt","free_first_name":"John W.","free_last_name":"Watt","norm_person":{"id":1719,"first_name":"John W.","last_name":"Watt","full_name":"John W. Watt","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":" https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/131435531","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=John W. Watt"}}],"entry_title":"Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee, Avicenna and Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric and Political Thought in the Christian Orient and in al-F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee, Avicenna and Averroes"},"abstract":"Given the remarkable fact that Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric appears to have had little influence outside the area of logic in late antiquity, but was very influential in Islamic political philosophy, the chapter examines whether the Syriac tradition can help to explain this development. The late antique Platonic concept of philosophical rhetoric, Themistius\u2019 political thought, and their echoes in the Rhetoric of Antony of Tagrit are examined, and compared with the ideas expressed in the writings on rhetoric of al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b, Avicenna, Averroes, and Bar Hebraeus.","btype":2,"date":"2019","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":48,"category_name":"Rhetoric","link":"bib?categories[]=Rhetoric"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"}],"authors":[{"id":1719,"full_name":"John W. Watt","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5108,"section_of":5107,"pages":"249\u2013259","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5107,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"The Aristotelian Tradition in Syriac","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2019","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"This volume presents a panorama of Syriac engagement with Aristotelian philosophy primarily situated in the 6th to the 9th centuries, but also ranging to the 13th. It offers a wide range of articles, opening with surveys on the most important philosophical writers of the period before providing detailed studies of two Syriac prolegomena to Aristotle's Categories and examining the works of Hunayn, the most famous Arabic translator of the 9th century. Watt also examines the relationships between philosophy, rhetoric and political thought in the period, and explores the connection between earlier Syriac tradition and later Arabic philosophy in the thought of the 13th century Syriac polymath Bar Hebraeus.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780429445231","book":{"id":5107,"pubplace":"Abingdon, New York","publisher":"Routledge","series":"Variorum collected studies","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":5882,"entry_id":5107,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"John W. Watt","free_first_name":"John W.","free_last_name":"Watt","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2019]}
| Ibn Rushd’s the Decisive Treatise (1126–98) is widely acknowledged as an important text for understanding his legal ideas, with some scholars describing this text as a legal opinion (fatwa) issued for the Malikite jurists of that period. Contrastingly, I argue that the Decisive Treatise forms part of Ibn Rushd’s broader vision for political reform, and should thus be reconsidered as an important text for understanding his ideas on political authority. Whilst Ibn Rushd persisted in advancing the Almohad policy of reform, by calling on the religious scholars who occupied an important space in Almohad society to relinquish their narrow positions on how to understand and interpret Islamic Law, he went further in devising his own guidelines for reform. This constituted an argument that Greek ideas, and the wisdom of the ancient philosophers, are not only compatible with Islamic principles but also stand to offer much-needed guidance. |
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| Title | Multitude et bene esse chez Averroès et Dante. Retour sur la Monarchie I,3 |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Dante et l’averroïsme |
| Pages | 357–383 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, De anima, Politics, Aristotle, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Jean-Baptiste Brenet |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://books.openedition.org/lesbelleslettres/472 |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5081","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5081,"authors_free":[{"id":5844,"entry_id":5081,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":622,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","free_first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","free_last_name":"Brenet","norm_person":{"id":622,"first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","last_name":"Brenet","full_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051778867","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/27224973","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Jean-Baptiste Brenet"}}],"entry_title":"Multitude et bene esse chez Averro\u00e8s et Dante. Retour sur la Monarchie I,3","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Multitude et bene esse chez Averro\u00e8s et Dante. Retour sur la Monarchie I,3"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2019","language":"French","online_url":"https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/lesbelleslettres\/472","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"}],"authors":[{"id":622,"full_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5081,"section_of":5080,"pages":"357\u2013383 ","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5080,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"Dante et l\u2019averro\u00efsme","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Dante averro\u00efste ? Le plus grand po\u00e8te du Moyen \u00c2ge fut-il le disciple du plus grand philosophe arabe ? La Divine Com\u00e9die place Averro\u00e8s, l\u2019auteur du \u00ab Grand commentaire \u00bb d\u2019Aristote, en Enfer, et en Paradis son disciple latin Siger de Brabant qui, dans l\u2019actuelle \u00ab rue du Fouarre \u00bb \u00e0 Paris, mettait en syllogismes \u00ab des v\u00e9rit\u00e9s importunes \u00bb. Jugement de Salomon ?\r\n\r\nCe volume collectif traite en d\u00e9tail l\u2019un des chapitres les plus controvers\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire comme de l\u2019historiographie de la philosophie et de la th\u00e9ologie m\u00e9di\u00e9vales. Revisitant les textes philosophiques et po\u00e9tiques de Dante, de la Vita nova au Convivio, au De vulgari eloquentia et \u00e0 la Monarchia, examinant les productions et les th\u00e8ses de ses contemporains, interlocuteurs, amis et adversaires, m\u00e9decins, philosophes et po\u00e8tes, rappelant et discutant les th\u00e8ses de ses lecteurs anciens et modernes, les meilleurs sp\u00e9cialistes des domaines concern\u00e9s, philosophes et italianistes, dressent le bilan de deux si\u00e8cles d\u2019\u00e9tudes sur Dante, mais aussi sur Cavalcanti et sur l\u2019averro\u00efsme latin.\r\n\r\nSuivant trois grands axes, le langage et la pens\u00e9e, les \u00e9motions, la politique, c\u2019est au coeur de l\u2019histoire et de la culture europ\u00e9ennes, \u00e0 Paris, \u00e0 Florence, sur les routes de l\u2019exil, que les contributions ici rassembl\u00e9es plongeront lectrices et lecteurs amoureux de Dante, de l\u2019Italie et de la litt\u00e9rature.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/books.lesbelleslettres.372","book":{"id":5080,"pubplace":"Paris","publisher":"Les Belles Lettres & Coll\u00e8ge de France","series":"Docet omina ","volume":"5","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | Dante et l’averroïsme |
| Type | Edited Book |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2019 |
| Publication Place | Paris |
| Publisher | Les Belles Lettres & Collège de France |
| Series | Docet omina |
| Volume | 5 |
| Categories | Averroism, Politics, Theology, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Alain de Libera , Jean-Baptiste Brenet , Irène Rosier-Catach |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Dante averroïste ? Le plus grand poète du Moyen Âge fut-il le disciple du plus grand philosophe arabe ? La Divine Comédie place Averroès, l’auteur du « Grand commentaire » d’Aristote, en Enfer, et en Paradis son disciple latin Siger de Brabant qui, dans l’actuelle « rue du Fouarre » à Paris, mettait en syllogismes « des vérités importunes ». Jugement de Salomon ? Ce volume collectif traite en détail l’un des chapitres les plus controversés de l’histoire comme de l’historiographie de la philosophie et de la théologie médiévales. Revisitant les textes philosophiques et poétiques de Dante, de la Vita nova au Convivio, au De vulgari eloquentia et à la Monarchia, examinant les productions et les thèses de ses contemporains, interlocuteurs, amis et adversaires, médecins, philosophes et poètes, rappelant et discutant les thèses de ses lecteurs anciens et modernes, les meilleurs spécialistes des domaines concernés, philosophes et italianistes, dressent le bilan de deux siècles d’études sur Dante, mais aussi sur Cavalcanti et sur l’averroïsme latin. Suivant trois grands axes, le langage et la pensée, les émotions, la politique, c’est au coeur de l’histoire et de la culture européennes, à Paris, à Florence, sur les routes de l’exil, que les contributions ici rassemblées plongeront lectrices et lecteurs amoureux de Dante, de l’Italie et de la littérature. |
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| Title | Averroes between Platonic Philosophy and the Sharīʻa |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought |
| Pages | 46-83 |
| Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Tradition and Reception, Plato, Politics, Modern Readings |
| Author(s) | Rasoul Namazi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Chapter 1 is dedicated to the interpretation of a recently discovered, unpublished typescript by Strauss on Averroes’s commentary on Plato’s Republic. In this transcript, available as Appendix A and composed sometime after 1956, Strauss underscores the conflict between philosophy and Islam in Averroes’s commentary on Plato’s Republic. The transcript consists only of short notes and therefore, to reveal its message, it needs to be interpreted in the context of Strauss’s other writings. Strauss’s interpretation of Averroes is based on the idea that Averroes must have been aware of the incompatibility of Islamic revelation with the best regime of Plato. Unlike other scholars, who are mainly preoccupied with Averroes’s access or lack thereof to a reliable translation of Plato’s Republic, Strauss argues that the deficiencies of Averroes’s commentary do not mean that Averroes did not have access to Plato’s Republic; he claims that such apparent deficiencies might be intentional and significant for understanding Averroes’s views. |
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Unlike other scholars, who are mainly preoccupied with Averroes\u2019s access or lack thereof to a reliable translation of Plato\u2019s Republic, Strauss argues that the deficiencies of Averroes\u2019s commentary do not mean that Averroes did not have access to Plato\u2019s Republic; he claims that such apparent deficiencies might be intentional and significant for understanding Averroes\u2019s views.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781009105118.003","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":35,"category_name":"Modern Readings","link":"bib?categories[]=Modern Readings"}],"authors":[{"id":1792,"full_name":"Rasoul Namazi","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5618,"section_of":5361,"pages":"46-83","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5361,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"In this book, Rasoul Namazi offers the first in-depth study of Leo Strauss' writings on Islamic political thought, a topic that interested Strauss over the course of his career. 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| Title | Averroes on Law and Political Well-Being |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2007 |
| Published in | Averroes et les Averroïsmes juif et latin. Actes du Colloque International. Paris, 16–18 juin 2005 |
| Pages | 183–192 |
| Categories | Politics |
| Author(s) | Charles E. Butterworth |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes' Understanding of the Philosopher's Role in Society |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2008 |
| Published in | Islamic Thought in the Middle Ages. Studies in Text, Transmission and Translation, in Honour of Hans Daiber |
| Pages | 113–122 |
| Categories | Politics |
| Author(s) | Alfred L. Ivry |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Quaestio |
| Volume | 15 |
| Pages | 287–296 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Poetics, Commentary, Logic, Politics |
| Author(s) | Francesca Forte |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The theme of the pleasure of knowledge is central in Averroes’ aesthetical reflection of Aristotle’s Poetics, regardless whether we side with the logical or with the moral interpretation. The first one stresses the continuity between Averroes and previous commentators in his attempt to reconstruct the Poetics as an integral part of the Logic itself, whereby poetic discourse is conceived as a form of reasoning based on syllogisms. According to the latter perspective, however, pleasure is central in that poetry is a tool towards the pursuit of happiness: in this perspective it is necessary to bear in mind some common themes present in other works by Averroes (particularly in the commentaries on the Aristotelian Organon – and especially the commentary on the Rhetoric –, in the commentaries on Plato’s Republic, and, last but not least, in the Decisive Treatise). The pleasure of contemplative knowledge must go hand in hand with the pursuit of communal happiness and therefore with the good and proper order of community and society. Poetry represents a central tool towards this aim in that it expresses moral truths which cannot not be communicated (to everybody) by means of logic and philosophy alone. |
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| Title | Averroes’ Commentary on Plato’s Republic |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Published in | Political Philosophy and Philosophy of History: Proceedings of the Colloquium dedicated to Muhsin Mahdi |
| Pages | 27–42 |
| Categories | Commentary, Plato, Politics |
| Author(s) | Muhsin Mahdi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes’ Goals in the Paraphrase (Middle Commentary) of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Interpreting Averroes. Critical Essays |
| Pages | 218–236 |
| Categories | Commentary, Nicomachean ethics, Politics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| A study of Averroes' paraphrase commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics, which is preserved only in Hebrew and Latin. Averroes here explores the relationship between ethics and political philosophy and identifies a theoretical strand within ethics, in order to show that practical philosophy is a proper science. |
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| Title | Averroist by Contagion? Marsilius of Padua on civilis scientia |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2023 |
| Published in | Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy: Explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin Traditions |
| Pages | 436-449 |
| Categories | Averroism, Latin Averroism, Politics |
| Author(s) | Joerg Alejandro Tellkamp |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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Marsilius of Padua on civilis scientia"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2023","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003309895-23","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":7,"category_name":"Latin Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Latin Averroism"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"}],"authors":[{"id":1591,"full_name":"J\u00f6rg Alejandro Tellkamp","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5613,"section_of":5606,"pages":"436-449","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5606,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy: Explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin Traditions","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2023","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"This volume brings together contributions from distinguished scholars in the history of philosophy, focusing on points of interaction between discrete historical contexts, religions, and cultures found within the premodern period. The contributions connect thinkers from antiquity through the Middle Ages and include philosophers from the three major monotheistic faiths\u2014Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.\r\n\r\nBy emphasizing premodern philosophy\u2019s shared textual roots in antiquity, particularly the writings of Plato and Aristotle, the volume highlights points of cross-pollination between different schools, cultures, and moments in premodern thought. Approaching the complex history of the premodern world in an accessible way, the editors organize the volume so as to underscore the difficulties the premodern period poses for scholars, while accentuating the fascinating interplay between the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin philosophical traditions. The contributors cover many topics ranging from the aims of Aristotle\u2019s cosmos, the adoption of Aristotle\u2019s Organon by al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b, and the origins of the Plotiniana Arabica to the role of Ibn Gabirol\u2019s Fons vitae in the Latin West, the ways in which Islamic philosophy shaped thirteenth-century Latin conceptions of light, Roger Bacon\u2019s adaptation of Avicenna for use in his moral philosophy, and beyond. The volume\u2019s focus on \"source-based contextualism\" demonstrates an appreciation for the rich diversity of thought found in the premodern period, while revealing methodological challenges raised by the historical study of premodern philosophy.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5606,"pubplace":"New York","publisher":"Routledge ","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6507,"entry_id":5606,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1684,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Katja Krause","free_first_name":"Katja ","free_last_name":"Krause","norm_person":{"id":1684,"first_name":"Katja","last_name":"Krause","full_name":"Katja Krause","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1077759428","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}},{"id":6508,"entry_id":5606,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1727,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Luis Xavier L\u00f3pez-Farjeat","free_first_name":"Luis Xavier","free_last_name":" L\u00f3pez-Farjeat","norm_person":{"id":1727,"first_name":"Luis Xavier","last_name":"L\u00f3pez-Farjeat","full_name":"Luis Xavier L\u00f3pez-Farjeat","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/103191773X","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Averroist by Contagion? Marsilius of Padua on civilis scientia"]}
| Title | Averroè lettore di Aristotele. Un problema politico? |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2004 |
| Published in | Averroes and the Aristotelian Heritage |
| Pages | 35–47 |
| Categories | Influence, Politics |
| Author(s) | Massimo Campanini |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averróis e a República de Platão |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Date | 2007 |
| Journal | VeritasA Filosofia árabe e judaica e o ocidente medieval |
| Volume | 52 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 104–116 |
| Categories | Plato, Politics |
| Author(s) | Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira , Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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