El pensamiento religioso de Averroes. La teoría de Dios en el “Tahâfut”, 2017
By: Roger Arnaldez
Title El pensamiento religioso de Averroes. La teoría de Dios en el “Tahâfut”
Type Book Section
Language Spanish
Date 2017
Published in La filosofía en Al Ándalus
Pages 453–464
Categories Theology, al-Ġazālī, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Roger Arnaldez
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd and Natural Law: Mediating Human and Divine Law, 2017
By: Karen Taliaferro
Title Ibn Rushd and Natural Law: Mediating Human and Divine Law
Type Article
Language English
Date 2017
Journal Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies
Volume 28
Issue 1
Pages 1–27
Categories Law, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology, Rhetoric
Author(s) Karen Taliaferro
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article traces a Muslim tradition of natural law in the thought of Ibn Rushd. I argue that this notion of natural law enriches the concept of law and can mediate conflicts of human law and divine law in Islam. I discuss the ontology, then epistemology, of Ibn Rushd’s natural law, then situate the resultant conception of law within Islamic legal and theological contexts.

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The Decisive Treatise: The Connection Between Islamic Religious Law and Philosophy, 2017
By: Averroes, Massimo Campanini (Ed.)
Title The Decisive Treatise: The Connection Between Islamic Religious Law and Philosophy
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 2017
Publication Place Piscataway, NJ
Publisher Gorgias Press
Series Gorgias Islamic Studies
Volume 7
Categories Law, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Averroes , Massimo Campanini
Publisher(s)
Translator(s) Massimo Campanini
The Decisive Treatise is perhaps the most controversial work of Averroes (Ibn Rushd, 1126-1198) and belongs to a trilogy which boldly represent the philosophical contribution to Islamic theology of this famous Andalusian commentator on Aristotle. The Decisive Treatise is a fatwa (a legal opinion) that the judge, Averroes, promulgated for his fellow Malikite jurists in order to demonstrate that the study of philosophy is not only licit from the point of view of religious law, but even mandatory for the skilled people. However, many subjects are dealt with in this comparatively short book: An epistemology aimed to show that philosophical truth and religious truth are not in contradiction; a sociology of knowledge pointing out that humans are classified in three classes (philosophers, theologians, common folk); a Qur’anic hermeneutics suggesting how to approach philosophically the Holy Book in agreement with religious requirements and linguistic rules.

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Philosophy Incarnate. Ibn Rushd’s “Almohadism” and the Problem of God’s Omniscience, 2017
By: Matteo Di Giovanni
Title Philosophy Incarnate. Ibn Rushd’s “Almohadism” and the Problem of God’s Omniscience
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2017
Published in La filosofia medievale tra antichità ed età moderna. Saggi in Memoria di Francesco Del Punta
Pages 139–162
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Matteo Di Giovanni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5193","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5193,"authors_free":[{"id":5983,"entry_id":5193,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":734,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Matteo Di Giovanni","free_first_name":"Matteo","free_last_name":"Di Giovanni","norm_person":{"id":734,"first_name":"Matteo","last_name":"Di Giovanni","full_name":"Matteo di Giovanni","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1130687570","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/9497149368819485980007","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Matteo di Giovanni"}}],"entry_title":"Philosophy Incarnate. Ibn Rushd\u2019s \u201cAlmohadism\u201d and the Problem of God\u2019s Omniscience","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Philosophy Incarnate. Ibn Rushd\u2019s \u201cAlmohadism\u201d and the Problem of God\u2019s Omniscience"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2017","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":734,"full_name":"Matteo di Giovanni","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5193,"section_of":5190,"pages":"139\u2013162","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5190,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"La filosofia medievale tra antichit\u00e0 ed et\u00e0 moderna. Saggi in Memoria di Francesco Del Punta","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2017","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Il volume pubblica le relazioni presentate nella giornata in commemorazione di Francesco Del Punta (1941-2013), organizzata a Firenze dalla Societ\u00e0 Internazionale per lo Studio del Medioevo Latino e dalla Scuola Normale Superiore nel novembre 2014, assieme ai saggi che altri studiosi hanno voluto tributare alla memoria del loro maestro, collega ed amico. L'insieme dei contributi rispecchia la molteplicit\u00e0 degli interessi culturali di Francesco Del Punta, incentrati sulla filosofia del Medio Evo, ma aperti a comprendere anche l'antichit\u00e0 greca e l'et\u00e0 moderna. I saggi interpretano compiutamente i due versanti del compito dello storico della filosofia medievale, cos\u00ec come inteso da Del Punta: la filologia e la critica testuale, da una parte, tese a stabilire testi di sicura affidabilit\u00e0; il commento e l'analisi dottrinale, dall'altra, finalizzati a sondare la profondit\u00e0 di pensiero che le opere contengono. Nella prospettiva interculturale e multilinguistica cara a Del Punta, e da lui promossa con tutte le sue energie di studioso, docente, e diffusore di sapere, i testi analizzati spaziano dal greco, all'arabo e al latino come lingue di comunicazione filosofica e veicoli di scambio di conoscenza in epoca medievale.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5190,"pubplace":"Firenze","publisher":"SISMEL, Edizioni del Galluzzo","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2017]}

The philosophers strike back: Averroes and islamic philosophy after al-Ghazali, 2017
By: Anthony Robert Booth
Title The philosophers strike back: Averroes and islamic philosophy after al-Ghazali
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2017
Published in Analytic Islamic philosophy
Pages 143-169
Categories al-Ġazālī, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Anthony Robert Booth
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes (d. 1198), The Decisive Treatise, 2016
By: Catarina Belo
Title Averroes (d. 1198), The Decisive Treatise
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2016
Published in The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy
Pages 278–295
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology, Politics, Law
Author(s) Catarina Belo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In his Decisive Treatise, Andalusian philosopher Averroes (1126–1198) analyzes the relation between philosophy and religion from an Islamic legal perspective. He emphasizes the obligation upon some Muslims to study philosophy and how philosophy can be considered one of the Islamic sciences. He mentions the significance of a nonliteral reading of the Qur’ān and defends the compatibility between Aristotelian philosophy and Islamic religion.

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The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy, 2016
By: Khaled El-Rouayheb (Ed.), Sabine Schmidtke (Ed.)
Title The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy
Type Edited Book
Language English
Date 2016
Publication Place New York, NY
Publisher Oxford University Press
Series Oxford handbooks
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Metaphysics, Law, Logic
Author(s) Khaled El-Rouayheb , Sabine Schmidtke
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The study of Islamic philosophy has recently entered a new and exciting phase. Both the received canon of Islamic philosophers and the grand narrative of the course of Islamic philosophy are in the process of being radically questioned and revised. The bulk of twentieth-century Western scholarship on Arabic or Islamic philosophy focused on the period from the ninth century to the twelfth. It is a measure of the transformation that is currently underway in the field that the present Handbook gives roughly equal weight to every century from the ninth to the twentieth. The Handbook differs from previous overviews in another significant way: It is work-centered rather than person- or theme-centered. This format is intended to give readers a better sense of what a work in Islamic philosophy looks like, and of the issues, concepts, and arguments that are at play in works belonging to various periods and subfields within Islamic philosophy.

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La découverte des méthodes démonstratives des dogmes religieux et l’exposé des ambiguïtés déviatrices et des innovations déroutantes resultant de l’interprétation de ces dogmes (Kitâb al-Kashf ‘an manâhij al-adilla fî ‘aqâ’id al-milla wa ta’rîf mâ waqa’a fîhâ bi-hasb al-ta’wîl min al-shubuh al-muzîgha wa-l-bida’ al-muzilla), 2016
By: Abdelmajid El Ghannouchi, Mokdad Arfa-Mensia (Ed.)
Title La découverte des méthodes démonstratives des dogmes religieux et l’exposé des ambiguïtés déviatrices et des innovations déroutantes resultant de l’interprétation de ces dogmes (Kitâb al-Kashf ‘an manâhij al-adilla fî ‘aqâ’id al-milla wa ta’rîf mâ waqa’a fîhâ bi-hasb al-ta’wîl min al-shubuh al-muzîgha wa-l-bida’ al-muzilla)
Type Monograph
Language French
Date 2016
Publication Place Tunis
Publisher Académie Tunisienne des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts Beït al-Hikma
Categories Surveys, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Abdelmajid El Ghannouchi , Mokdad Arfa-Mensia
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Falsafa et interpretation coranique: l’exemple de la vie future chez Avicenne et Averroès, 2015
By: Jean-Baptiste Brenet
Title Falsafa et interpretation coranique: l’exemple de la vie future chez Avicenne et Averroès
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 2015
Published in Compréhension et interpretation
Pages 123–141
Categories Avicenna, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Jean-Baptiste Brenet
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Islam and Rationality: The Impact of al-Ghazâlî. Papers Collected on His 900th Anniversary Vol. 1, 2015
By: Georges Tamer (Ed.)
Title Islam and Rationality: The Impact of al-Ghazâlî. Papers Collected on His 900th Anniversary Vol. 1
Type Edited Book
Language English
Date 2015
Publication Place Leiden, Boston
Publisher Brill
Series Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies
Volume 94
Categories al-Ġazālī, Theology, Tradition and Reception, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Georges Tamer
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This volume offers an account of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111) as a rational theologian who created a symbiosis of philosophy and theology and infused rationality into Sufism. The majority of the papers herein deal with important topics of al-Ghazālī’s work, which demonstrate his rational treatment of the Qurʾān and major subjects of Islamic theology and everyday life of Muslims. Some other contributions address al-Ghazālī’s sources and how his intellectual endeavors were later received by scholars who had the same concern of reconciling religion and rationality within Islam, Christianity and Judaism. With contributions by Binyamin Abrahamov, Hans Daiber, Ken Garden, Avner Giladi, Scott Girdner, Frank Griffel, Steven Harvey, Alfred Ivry, Jules Janssens, Taneli Kukkonen, Luis Xavier López-Farjeat, Wilferd Madelung, Yahya M. Michot, Yasien Mohamed, Eric Ormsby, M. Sait Özervarlı, and Hidemi Takahashi.

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Ibn Rushd and his Criticism for Esh’arism, 2010
By: Orhan Atalay
Title Ibn Rushd and his Criticism for Esh’arism
Type Article
Language English
Date 2010
Journal Journal of Islamic Research
Volume 3
Issue 2
Pages 82-97
Categories al-Ġazālī, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Orhan Atalay
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd and the Kalām, 2011
By: Binyamin Abrahamov

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Ibn Rushd et la double vérité. La séparation du discours religieux du discours philosophique et l'établissement du rapport entre les deux, 2001
By: Abdelmajid El-Ghannouchi, Abdelmajid El-Ghannouchi
Title Ibn Rushd et la double vérité. La séparation du discours religieux du discours philosophique et l'établissement du rapport entre les deux
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 2001
Published in Actualité d'Averroès. Colloque du huitième centenaire. Carthage, 16–21 février 1998
Pages 107–112
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Abdelmajid El-Ghannouchi , Abdelmajid El-Ghannouchi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd on reconciliation: between philosophy and religion, 2006
By: Khawaja Muhammad Saeed
Title Ibn Rushd on reconciliation: between philosophy and religion
Type Article
Language English
Date 2006
Journal Aligarh journal of Islamic philosophy
Volume 12
Pages 13-30
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology
Author(s) Khawaja Muhammad Saeed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd, "The incoherence of the incoherence", 2005
By: Muhammad Ali Khalidi
Title Ibn Rushd, "The incoherence of the incoherence"
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2005
Published in Medieval Islamic philosophical writings
Pages XXXIV-XL, 155-180
Categories al-Ġazālī, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Muhammad Ali Khalidi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5554","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5554,"authors_free":[{"id":6448,"entry_id":5554,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":888,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Muhammad Ali Khalidi","free_first_name":"Muhammad Ali","free_last_name":"Khalidi","norm_person":{"id":888,"first_name":"Muhammad Ali","last_name":"Khalidi","full_name":"Muhammad Ali Khalidi","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1072486083","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/14904121","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Muhammad Ali Khalidi"}}],"entry_title":"Ibn Rushd, \"The incoherence of the incoherence\"","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Ibn Rushd, \"The incoherence of the incoherence\""},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2005","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511811050.009","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":888,"full_name":"Muhammad Ali Khalidi","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5554,"section_of":5553,"pages":"XXXIV-XL, 155-180","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5553,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Medieval Islamic philosophical writings","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2005","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Philosophy in the Islamic world emerged in the ninth century and continued to flourish into the fourteenth century. It was strongly influenced by Greek thought, but Islamic philosophers also developed an original philosophical culture of their own, which had a considerable impact on the subsequent course of Western philosophy. This volume offers new translations of philosophical writings by Farabi, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ghazali, Ibn Tufayl, and Ibn Rushd (Averroes). All of the texts presented here were very influential and invite comparison with later works in the Western tradition. They focus on metaphysics and epistemology but also contribute to broader debates concerning the conception of God, the nature of religion, the place of humanity in the universe, and the limits of human reason. A historical and philosophical introduction sets the writings in context and traces their preoccupations and their achievement.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511811050","book":{"id":5553,"pubplace":"Cambridge ","publisher":"Cambridge University Press ","series":"Cambridge texts in the history of philosophy","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6447,"entry_id":5553,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":888,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Muhammad Ali Khalidi","free_first_name":"Muhammad Ali","free_last_name":"Khalidi","norm_person":{"id":888,"first_name":"Muhammad Ali","last_name":"Khalidi","full_name":"Muhammad Ali Khalidi","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1072486083","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/14904121","db_url":"","from_claudius":1}}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Ibn Rushd, \"The incoherence of the incoherence\""]}

Ibn Taymiyya on Ibn Rushd in the Darʾtaʿa rudal-ʿaql wa-l-naql (with Special Attention to His Quotations of Ibn Rushd’s Tahafut al-tahafut), 2023
By: Jules Janssens
Title Ibn Taymiyya on Ibn Rushd in the Darʾtaʿa rudal-ʿaql wa-l-naql (with Special Attention to His Quotations of Ibn Rushd’s Tahafut al-tahafut)
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2023
Published in Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy: Explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin Traditions
Pages 147-178
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Tradition and Reception, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Jules Janssens
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The contributions connect thinkers from antiquity through the Middle Ages and include philosophers from the three major monotheistic faiths\u2014Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.\r\n\r\nBy emphasizing premodern philosophy\u2019s shared textual roots in antiquity, particularly the writings of Plato and Aristotle, the volume highlights points of cross-pollination between different schools, cultures, and moments in premodern thought. Approaching the complex history of the premodern world in an accessible way, the editors organize the volume so as to underscore the difficulties the premodern period poses for scholars, while accentuating the fascinating interplay between the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin philosophical traditions. The contributors cover many topics ranging from the aims of Aristotle\u2019s cosmos, the adoption of Aristotle\u2019s Organon by al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b, and the origins of the Plotiniana Arabica to the role of Ibn Gabirol\u2019s Fons vitae in the Latin West, the ways in which Islamic philosophy shaped thirteenth-century Latin conceptions of light, Roger Bacon\u2019s adaptation of Avicenna for use in his moral philosophy, and beyond. The volume\u2019s focus on \"source-based contextualism\" demonstrates an appreciation for the rich diversity of thought found in the premodern period, while revealing methodological challenges raised by the historical study of premodern philosophy.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5606,"pubplace":"New York","publisher":"Routledge ","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6507,"entry_id":5606,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1684,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Katja Krause","free_first_name":"Katja ","free_last_name":"Krause","norm_person":{"id":1684,"first_name":"Katja","last_name":"Krause","full_name":"Katja Krause","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1077759428","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}},{"id":6508,"entry_id":5606,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1727,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Luis Xavier L\u00f3pez-Farjeat","free_first_name":"Luis Xavier","free_last_name":" L\u00f3pez-Farjeat","norm_person":{"id":1727,"first_name":"Luis Xavier","last_name":"L\u00f3pez-Farjeat","full_name":"Luis Xavier L\u00f3pez-Farjeat","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/103191773X","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Ibn Taymiyya on Ibn Rushd in the Dar\u02beta\u02bfa rudal-\u02bfaql wa-l-naql (with Special Attention to His Quotations of Ibn Rushd\u2019s Tahafut al-tahafut)"]}

Ibn Taymiyya’s Use of Ibn Rushd to Refute the Incorporealism of Fakhr al-Dîn al-Râzî, 2018
By: Jon Hoover
Title Ibn Taymiyya’s Use of Ibn Rushd to Refute the Incorporealism of Fakhr al-Dîn al-Râzî
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2018
Published in Islamic Philosophy from the 12th to the 14th Century
Pages 469–492
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Jon Hoover
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Il Kitāb al-kašf ʿan manāhiǧ di Averroè nella traduzione ebraico-latina di Abraham de Balmes, 2002
By: Silvia Di Donato
Title Il Kitāb al-kašf ʿan manāhiǧ di Averroè nella traduzione ebraico-latina di Abraham de Balmes
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2002
Journal Annali di Ca' Foscari
Volume 41
Issue 3
Pages 5–36
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Silvia Di Donato
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Il problema dell’origine del mondo in Maimonide e in Averroè, 2014
By: Carmela Baffioni
Title Il problema dell’origine del mondo in Maimonide e in Averroè
Type Book Section
Language Italian
Date 2014
Published in Storia e pensiero reigioso nel Vicino Oriente
Pages 111–139
Categories Maimonides, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Carmela Baffioni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Investigating the Influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the Issue of Interpretation of Religious Texts, 2022
By: Abuzar Rajabi, Morsal Azizi
Title Investigating the Influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the Issue of Interpretation of Religious Texts
Type Article
Language Arabic
Date 2022
Journal Comparative Theology
Volume 13
Issue 27
Pages 1-16
Categories al-Ġazālī, Influence, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Abuzar Rajabi , Morsal Azizi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Islamic thinkers do not think alike about understanding similar verses and the issue of the appearance and interiority of verses, and sometimes there are fundamental differences between them. Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd are in favor of using the method of interpretation in understanding similar verses and considering the way of escaping from the challenge and conflict of appearance and the inner self using the approach of interpretation. Ibn Rushd was famous for opposing Al-Ghazali and writing the book Tahaft Al-Tahaft in his critique of Tahaft al-Ghazali philosophers. Despite the criticisms, he is influenced by Al-Ghazali in some cases, and especially in the matter of interpretation. Al-Ghazali has two approaches encountering the problem of interpretation in two intellectual periods, in both of which he has been able to provide a new model by presenting a special approach in interpretation so that others can take a step in this direction and achieve a methodical understanding of religious texts. He has benefited a lot from this research model in understanding Ibn Rushd's text. According to the research findings, Ibn Rushd was influenced by Ghazali both in the nature of interpretation and in the reasoning and necessity of accepting it, as well as in the means of approaching interpretation. In the present descriptive-analytical study, the influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the issue of interpretation has been investigated.Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd are both advocates of using the method of interpretation in understanding the text. Although Ghazali is one of the Ash'arite theologians, in the matter of interpretation in both intellectual periods, he distances himself from thinkers such as Abul Hassan Ash'ari, Baqalani, and Jovini and accepts the methodical interpretation in understanding many verses of the Holy Qur'an. Methodology and adherence to a disciplined mechanism in interpretation are the characteristics of using this method by Al-Ghazali.Ibn Al-Rushd, like Al-Ghazali, does not see a conflict between the outward and inward meaning of the verses of the Holy Qur'an. Interpretation is a method that philosophers have the right to use in understanding the Holy Qur'an. Although this method raised serious objections to Al-Ghazali, it is influenced by Al-Ghazali’s interpretation. Ibn Al-Rushd mentions Al-Ghazali in many cases and considers Ghazali's method in this regard to be correct. He speaks about the nature of interpretation, the necessity of paying attention to it, its types and varieties, the division of the audience of revelation, and the permission and impermissibility of interpretation like Al-Ghazali.

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