{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5836","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5836,"authors_free":[{"id":6775,"entry_id":5836,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Amir Saemi","free_first_name":"","free_last_name":"","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Morality and Revelation in Islamic Thought and beyond: A New Problem of Evil","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Morality and Revelation in Islamic Thought and beyond: A New Problem of Evil"},"abstract":"","btype":1,"date":"2024","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":22,"category_name":"Ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Ethics"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":{"id":5836,"pubplace":"Oxford","publisher":"Oxford University Press","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":[2024]}
Title | The Virtue Ethics of Islamic Philosophers: Averroes's View on Harmony of Religion and Philosophy |
Type | Book Section |
Language | English |
Date | 2024 |
Published in | Morality and Revelation in Islamic Thought and beyond: A New Problem of Evil |
Pages | 113 - 120 |
Categories | Ethics, Theology |
Author(s) | Amir Saemi |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought |
Type | Monograph |
Language | English |
Date | 2022 |
Publication Place | Cambridge |
Publisher | Cambridge University Press. |
Categories | Theology, Politics, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Tradition and Reception |
Author(s) | Rasoul Namazi |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
In this book, Rasoul Namazi offers the first in-depth study of Leo Strauss' writings on Islamic political thought, a topic that interested Strauss over the course of his career. Namazi's volume focuses on several important studies by Strauss on Islamic thought. He critically analyzes Strauss's notes on Averroes' commentary on Plato's Republic and also proposes an interpretation of Strauss' theologico-political notes on the Arabian Nights. Namazi also interprets Strauss' essay on Alfarabi's enigmatic treatise, The Philosophy of Plato and provides a detailed commentary on his complex essay devoted to Alfarabi's summary of Plato's Laws. Based on previously unpublished material from Strauss' papers, Namazi's volume provides new insights into Strauss' reflections on religion, philosophy, and politics, and their relationship to wisdom, persecution, divine law, and unbelief in the works of key Muslim thinkers. His work presents Strauss as one of the most innovative historians and scholars of Islamic thought of all time. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5361","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5361,"authors_free":[{"id":6212,"entry_id":5361,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1792,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Rasoul Namazi","free_first_name":"Rasoul","free_last_name":"Namazi","norm_person":{"id":1792,"first_name":"Rasoul","last_name":"Namazi","full_name":"Rasoul Namazi","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1218634294","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Rasoul Namazi"}}],"entry_title":"Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought"},"abstract":"In this book, Rasoul Namazi offers the first in-depth study of Leo Strauss' writings on Islamic political thought, a topic that interested Strauss over the course of his career. Namazi's volume focuses on several important studies by Strauss on Islamic thought. He critically analyzes Strauss's notes on Averroes' commentary on Plato's Republic and also proposes an interpretation of Strauss' theologico-political notes on the Arabian Nights. Namazi also interprets Strauss' essay on Alfarabi's enigmatic treatise, The Philosophy of Plato and provides a detailed commentary on his complex essay devoted to Alfarabi's summary of Plato's Laws. Based on previously unpublished material from Strauss' papers, Namazi's volume provides new insights into Strauss' reflections on religion, philosophy, and politics, and their relationship to wisdom, persecution, divine law, and unbelief in the works of key Muslim thinkers. His work presents Strauss as one of the most innovative historians and scholars of Islamic thought of all time.","btype":1,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":1792,"full_name":"Rasoul Namazi","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":{"id":5361,"pubplace":"Cambridge","publisher":"Cambridge University Press.","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
Title | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
Type | Edited Book |
Language | English |
Date | 2022 |
Publisher | Boydell & Brewer |
Categories | al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Logic, Theology, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
Author(s) | Alexander Orwin |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5346","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5346,"authors_free":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":1790,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":{"id":1790,"first_name":" Alexander","last_name":" Orwin","full_name":" Alexander Orwin","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/1153328348","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]= Alexander Orwin"}}],"entry_title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary"},"abstract":"","btype":4,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":17,"category_name":"Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a","link":"bib?categories[]=Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a"},{"id":27,"category_name":"Logic","link":"bib?categories[]=Logic"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":1790,"full_name":" Alexander Orwin","role":2}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
Title | Living in Convivencia: Intertwined Communities of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in Al-Andalus during the Caliphate of Córdoba |
Type | Monograph |
Language | English |
Date | 2022 |
Series | Guilford College Thesis Collection |
Categories | Surveys, Politics, Theology |
Author(s) | Jacob Perkins |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.32506338 |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5557","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5557,"authors_free":[{"id":6451,"entry_id":5557,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Jacob Perkins","free_first_name":" Jacob","free_last_name":"Perkins","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Living in Convivencia: Intertwined Communities of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in Al-Andalus during the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Living in Convivencia: Intertwined Communities of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in Al-Andalus during the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba"},"abstract":"","btype":1,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/community.32506338","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":18,"category_name":"Surveys","link":"bib?categories[]=Surveys"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":{"id":5557,"pubplace":"","publisher":"","series":"Guilford College Thesis Collection","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
Title | Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2022 |
Journal | Philosophy East and West |
Volume | 72 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 960-972 |
Categories | Epistemology, Theology |
Author(s) | Kirk Lougheed , Joshua Lee Harris |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
The distinction between knowledge by demonstration and knowledge by imagination in Averroes offers a helpful explanation as to why epistemic paternalism is permitted in at least some religious cases. In certain religious settings the stakes may be so high that partial knowledge by imagination is indeed better than confusion resulting from a demonstration. While it is true this defense is not purely epistemic, many are in good company as it turns out that almost no cases of epistemic paternalism are purely epistemic. Finally, an upshot of their view is that it nicely explains why their defense of epistemic paternalism might apply to other domains of great importance but not to trivial matters. Much more remains to be said about the permissibility of epistemic paternalism more generally, and about its permissibility in religious cases in particular. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5795","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5795,"authors_free":[{"id":6715,"entry_id":5795,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1683,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Kirk Lougheed","free_first_name":"Kirk ","free_last_name":"Lougheed","norm_person":{"id":1683,"first_name":"Kirk","last_name":"Lougheed","full_name":"Kirk Lougheed","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1080701206","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Kirk Lougheed"}},{"id":6716,"entry_id":5795,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":1901,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Joshua Lee Harris","free_first_name":"Joshua Lee ","free_last_name":"Harris","norm_person":{"id":1901,"first_name":"Joshua Lee ","last_name":"Harris","full_name":"Joshua Lee Harris","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1080676589","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Joshua Lee Harris"}}],"entry_title":"Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge"},"abstract":"The distinction between knowledge by demonstration and knowledge by imagination in Averroes offers a helpful explanation as to why epistemic paternalism is permitted in at least some religious cases. In certain religious settings the stakes may be so high that partial knowledge by imagination is indeed better than confusion resulting from a demonstration. While it is true this defense is not purely epistemic, many are in good company as it turns out that almost no cases of epistemic paternalism are purely epistemic. Finally, an upshot of their view is that it nicely explains why their defense of epistemic paternalism might apply to other domains of great importance but not to trivial matters. Much more remains to be said about the permissibility of epistemic paternalism more generally, and about its permissibility in religious cases in particular.","btype":3,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":73,"category_name":"Epistemology","link":"bib?categories[]=Epistemology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1683,"full_name":"Kirk Lougheed","role":1},{"id":1901,"full_name":"Joshua Lee Harris","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5795,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"72","issue":"4","pages":"960-972"}},"sort":[2022]}
Title | Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2022 |
Journal | HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies |
Volume | 78 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 1-6 |
Categories | Theology, Metaphysics |
Author(s) | Aminullah Elhady |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
This paper discusses the dialectical thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians on divine metaphysics. The discussion is based on the study of criticisms and dialogues on the theologians’ view on metaphysics. Three important points emerge: firstly, how Ibn Rushd presented the basis of his critical arguments; secondly, the process of Ibn Rushd’s methods of criticism on the theologians’ metaphysical reasons and lastly, the content of Ibn Rushd’s criticisms of the theologians’ metaphysical reason. This paper provides a detailed description of the themes as accurate and comprehensive ways to provide a basis of Ibn Rushd’s criticism. Contribution: This study contributes to encouraging and changing the views of scholars of Islamic theology that Ibn Rushd, apart from being a philosopher, is also a critical thinker in the field of Islamic theology. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5768","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5768,"authors_free":[{"id":6681,"entry_id":5768,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Aminullah Elhady","free_first_name":"Aminullah ","free_last_name":"Elhady","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians"},"abstract":"This paper discusses the dialectical thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians on divine metaphysics. The discussion is based on the study of criticisms and dialogues on the theologians\u2019 view on metaphysics. Three important points emerge: firstly, how Ibn Rushd presented the basis of his critical arguments; secondly, the process of Ibn Rushd\u2019s methods of criticism on the theologians\u2019 metaphysical reasons and lastly, the content of Ibn Rushd\u2019s criticisms of the theologians\u2019 metaphysical reason. This paper provides a detailed description of the themes as accurate and comprehensive ways to provide a basis of Ibn Rushd\u2019s criticism.\r\n\r\nContribution: This study contributes to encouraging and changing the views of scholars of Islamic theology that Ibn Rushd, apart from being a philosopher, is also a critical thinker in the field of Islamic theology.","btype":3,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/hts.v78i4.7531","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5768,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"HTS Teologiese Studies \/ Theological Studies","volume":"78","issue":"4","pages":"1-6"}},"sort":[2022]}
Title | An Indecisive Truth: Divine Law and Philosophy in the Decisive Treatise and Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
Type | Book Section |
Language | English |
Date | 2022 |
Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
Pages | 182–200 |
Categories | Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Law |
Author(s) | Karen Taliaferro |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
“Of what use,” Ralph Lerner asks in his introduction to Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” “is this pagan closet philosophy to men who already hold what they believe to be the inestimable gift of a divinely revealed Law, a sharīʿa?” In other words, once one has God's direct revelation concerning how to live, does one need philosophy? The answer to this question matters both for the standing of falsafa (Hellenistic philosophy) in Islamic intellectual history as well as for ongoing disputes in Islamic societies concerning the respective roles of sharīʿa and human wisdom. Does divinely revealed Law, sharīʿa, yield the same knowledge as philosophy, or ḥikma (literally “wisdom”), to use Averroes's terms in the Decisive Treatise? Or is there something necessary in each that the other cannot supply? This question conceals something of a dilemma. If the first formulation is correct, one or the other of sharīʿa or ḥikma would seem to be redundant—a charge Averroes himself addresses in the Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” as I discuss below. If, on the other hand, philosophy is needed in addition to sharīʿa, this can call into question the sufficiency of revelation. This returns us to Lerner's question above, for if the sharīʿa represents the fullness of divine revelation, to claim that it needs the merely human ḥikma may be blasphemous. This essay addresses the relationship between sharīʿa and human wisdom through a reading of Averroes's Decisive Treatise and his Commentary on Plato's “Republic.” I attempt to show that Averroes's firm reliance on teleology in the Commentary complements what would otherwise appear to be the primacy of sharīʿa in the Decisive Treatise. Together, I argue, these two texts paint a clearer picture of the interdependence of ḥikma and sharīʿa than either would alone suggest. Traditional interpretations of the two works suggest dramatically different messages of Averroes concerning the respective standings of sharīʿa and ḥikma. Ralph Lerner and E. I. J. Rosenthal, each a translator of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” (hereafter Commentary), disagreed rather sharply on the status of human wisdom vis-à-vis sharīʿa in Averroes's thought. To Rosenthal, in both the Decisive Treatise and the Commentary, Averroes “establishes in unequivocal terms the supreme authority of the Sharīʿa.” |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5354","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5354,"authors_free":[{"id":6205,"entry_id":5354,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1741,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Karen Taliaferro","free_first_name":"Karen","free_last_name":"Taliaferro","norm_person":{"id":1741,"first_name":"Karen","last_name":"Taliaferro","full_name":"Karen Taliaferro","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1021039934","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Karen Taliaferro"}}],"entry_title":"An Indecisive Truth: Divine Law and Philosophy in the Decisive Treatise and Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"An Indecisive Truth: Divine Law and Philosophy in the Decisive Treatise and Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"\u201cOf what use,\u201d Ralph Lerner asks in his introduction to Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d \u201cis this pagan closet philosophy to men who already hold what they believe to be the inestimable gift of a divinely revealed Law, a shar\u012b\u02bfa?\u201d In other words, once one has God's direct revelation concerning how to live, does one need philosophy? The answer to this question matters both for the standing of falsafa (Hellenistic philosophy) in Islamic intellectual history as well as for ongoing disputes in Islamic societies concerning the respective roles of shar\u012b\u02bfa and human wisdom. Does divinely revealed Law, shar\u012b\u02bfa, yield the same knowledge as philosophy, or \u1e25ikma (literally \u201cwisdom\u201d), to use Averroes's terms in the Decisive Treatise? Or is there something necessary in each that the other cannot supply? This question conceals something of a dilemma. If the first formulation is correct, one or the other of shar\u012b\u02bfa or \u1e25ikma would seem to be redundant\u2014a charge Averroes himself addresses in the Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d as I discuss below. If, on the other hand, philosophy is needed in addition to shar\u012b\u02bfa, this can call into question the sufficiency of revelation. This returns us to Lerner's question above, for if the shar\u012b\u02bfa represents the fullness of divine revelation, to claim that it needs the merely human \u1e25ikma may be blasphemous. This essay addresses the relationship between shar\u012b\u02bfa and human wisdom through a reading of Averroes's Decisive Treatise and his Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic.\u201d I attempt to show that Averroes's firm reliance on teleology in the Commentary complements what would otherwise appear to be the primacy of shar\u012b\u02bfa in the Decisive Treatise. Together, I argue, these two texts paint a clearer picture of the interdependence of \u1e25ikma and shar\u012b\u02bfa than either would alone suggest.\r\n\r\nTraditional interpretations of the two works suggest dramatically different messages of Averroes concerning the respective standings of shar\u012b\u02bfa and \u1e25ikma. Ralph Lerner and E. I. J. Rosenthal, each a translator of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic\u201d (hereafter Commentary), disagreed rather sharply on the status of human wisdom vis-\u00e0-vis shar\u012b\u02bfa in Averroes's thought. To Rosenthal, in both the Decisive Treatise and the Commentary, Averroes \u201cestablishes in unequivocal terms the supreme authority of the Shar\u012b\u02bfa.\u201d","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.009","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"}],"authors":[{"id":1741,"full_name":"Karen Taliaferro","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5354,"section_of":5346,"pages":"182\u2013200","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
Title | The Sharīʿa of the Republic: Islamic Law and Philosophy in Averroes’s Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
Type | Book Section |
Language | English |
Date | 2022 |
Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
Pages | 160–181 |
Categories | Law, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
Author(s) | Rasoul Namazi |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
Averroes is one of the few Muslim philosophers whose work has had a considerable impact on European thought; the phenomenon of Averroism has been a part of the common European intellectual heritage for several centuries. One of the most enduring and widely held views, or rather myths, about Averroes for centuries has been that he was a fierce enemy of religion. This view was partly rejected by Ernest Renan's classic nineteenth-century study, in which he critiqued what he called “la legende d’Averroes.” Although a spirited follower of the Enlightenment's cult of science and battle against superstition, and despite his admiration for Averroes as a figure who tried to keep the spirit of reason alive during religious ages, Renan remained unconvinced by the charges leveled against the Arab philosopher. He tried to show how much this view of Averroes was a construction of the European mind in its own battles over heterodoxy and free thought. Renan did not, however, settle for a narrative about the intellectual history of European Averroism, but went beyond this, depicting Averroes's rationalism and Islamic beliefs as two separate, independent spheres that tend not to conflict with each other. That is to say, Averroes could have been a good Muslim as well as a good philosopher. The historicist presuppositions of Renan's thought, however—presuppositions according to which every system of thought is a product of its own time—made his perspective on Averroes incoherent and open to future revisions. Leon Gauthier, although critical of Renan, also tried to circumvent the question of the relationship between Islam and philosophy in Averroes's work. He did this by depicting Islam as a religion without substantial doctrinal content, thereby making possible its compatibility with Greek philosophy. Gauthier therefore claimed that Averroes's thought could be seen as “un rationalisme sans reserve [an unqualified rationalism]” without necessarily rendering Averroes an unbeliever. Scholars like A. F. Mehren, Max Horten, and Asìn Palacio avoided such unsatisfactory solutions by wholeheartedly embracing the view that, in the end, Islamic philosophy is more Islamic than philosophic. They argued that the Islamic philosophy of the falāsifa is an outgrowth of Islamic beliefs expressed in the language of Greek philosophy, and fully in the service of Muslim revelation; therefore, according to these scholars, there is no real conflict between Averroes's philosophy and the tenets of Islam. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5353","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5353,"authors_free":[{"id":6204,"entry_id":5353,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Rasoul Namazi","free_first_name":"Rasoul ","free_last_name":"Namazi","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"The Shar\u012b\u02bfa of the Republic: Islamic Law and Philosophy in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Shar\u012b\u02bfa of the Republic: Islamic Law and Philosophy in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"Averroes is one of the few Muslim philosophers whose work has had a considerable impact on European thought; the phenomenon of Averroism has been a part of the common European intellectual heritage for several centuries. One of the most enduring and widely held views, or rather myths, about Averroes for centuries has been that he was a fierce enemy of religion. This view was partly rejected by Ernest Renan's classic nineteenth-century study, in which he critiqued what he called \u201cla legende d\u2019Averroes.\u201d Although a spirited follower of the Enlightenment's cult of science and battle against superstition, and despite his admiration for Averroes as a figure who tried to keep the spirit of reason alive during religious ages, Renan remained unconvinced by the charges leveled against the Arab philosopher. He tried to show how much this view of Averroes was a construction of the European mind in its own battles over heterodoxy and free thought. Renan did not, however, settle for a narrative about the intellectual history of European Averroism, but went beyond this, depicting Averroes's rationalism and Islamic beliefs as two separate, independent spheres that tend not to conflict with each other. That is to say, Averroes could have been a good Muslim as well as a good philosopher. The historicist presuppositions of Renan's thought, however\u2014presuppositions according to which every system of thought is a product of its own time\u2014made his perspective on Averroes incoherent and open to future revisions. Leon Gauthier, although critical of Renan, also tried to circumvent the question of the relationship between Islam and philosophy in Averroes's work. He did this by depicting Islam as a religion without substantial doctrinal content, thereby making possible its compatibility with Greek philosophy. Gauthier therefore claimed that Averroes's thought could be seen as \u201cun rationalisme sans reserve [an unqualified rationalism]\u201d without necessarily rendering Averroes an unbeliever. Scholars like A. F. Mehren, Max Horten, and As\u00ecn Palacio avoided such unsatisfactory solutions by wholeheartedly embracing the view that, in the end, Islamic philosophy is more Islamic than philosophic. They argued that the Islamic philosophy of the fal\u0101sifa is an outgrowth of Islamic beliefs expressed in the language of Greek philosophy, and fully in the service of Muslim revelation; therefore, according to these scholars, there is no real conflict between Averroes's philosophy and the tenets of Islam.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.008","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5353,"section_of":5346,"pages":"160\u2013181","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
Title | La dimension éthique et politique de la révélation prophétique chez les falāsifa |
Type | Book Section |
Language | French |
Date | 2022 |
Published in | The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam, Volume 1: The Prophet Between Doctrine, Literature and Arts: Historical Legacies and Their Unfolding |
Pages | 327–347 |
Categories | Theology, Epistemology, Cosmology, al-Fārābī, Avicenna |
Author(s) | Meryem Sebti |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
The Greek heritage nourished and deeply influenced a philosophical tradition in Arabic. This Greek heritage was reinterpreted by Muslim philosophers during the period from the ninth to the twelfth century. The approach by the latter, called falāsifa, towards the question of prophecy will have a decisive influence on certain Ashʿarite theologians, and the Avicennian synthesis constitutes a major step in the constitution of an Islamic prophetology, so that one may consider that there is a before and an after Avicenna, with regard to the doctrine of prophecy in the Muslim world. It is not possible to outline the contours of a prophetology that would be common to all falāsifa: Al-Kindī (after 870), Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (864–925), al-Fārābī (d. 950), Avicenna (980–1037), Ibn Bājja (around 1138), Ibn Ṭufayl (1110–1185) and Averroes (1126–1198). Nevertheless, despite their differences and their disagreements, they have tried to rationally report the phenomenon of prophecy, integrating it – for some of them – into a complex emanative cosmology. Finally, and despite their differences, we find in Avicenna and in Averroes the affirmation of the ethical and political function of the prophet. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5403","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5403,"authors_free":[{"id":6264,"entry_id":5403,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Meryem Sebti","free_first_name":"Meryem Sebti","free_last_name":"Meryem Sebti","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"La dimension \u00e9thique et politique de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation proph\u00e9tique chez les fal\u0101sifa","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"La dimension \u00e9thique et politique de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation proph\u00e9tique chez les fal\u0101sifa"},"abstract":"The Greek heritage nourished and deeply influenced a philosophical tradition in Arabic. This Greek heritage was reinterpreted by Muslim philosophers during the period from the ninth to the twelfth century. The approach by the latter, called fal\u0101sifa, towards the question of prophecy will have a decisive influence on certain Ash\u02bfarite theologians, and the Avicennian synthesis constitutes a major step in the constitution of an Islamic prophetology, so that one may consider that there is a before and an after Avicenna, with regard to the doctrine of prophecy in the Muslim world. It is not possible to outline the contours of a prophetology that would be common to all fal\u0101sifa: Al-Kind\u012b (after 870), Ab\u016b Bakr al-R\u0101z\u012b (864\u2013925), al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b (d. 950), Avicenna (980\u20131037), Ibn B\u0101jja (around 1138), Ibn \u1e6cufayl (1110\u20131185) and Averroes (1126\u20131198). Nevertheless, despite their differences and their disagreements, they have tried to rationally report the phenomenon of prophecy, integrating it \u2013 for some of them \u2013 into a complex emanative cosmology. Finally, and despite their differences, we find in Avicenna and in Averroes the affirmation of the ethical and political function of the prophet.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"French","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004466739_014","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":73,"category_name":"Epistemology","link":"bib?categories[]=Epistemology"},{"id":19,"category_name":"Cosmology","link":"bib?categories[]=Cosmology"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5403,"section_of":5402,"pages":"327\u2013347 ","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5402,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam, Volume 1: The Prophet Between Doctrine, Literature and Arts: Historical Legacies and Their Unfolding ","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"The three-volume series titled The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam, is the first attempt to explore the dynamics of the representation of the Prophet Muhammad in the course of Muslim history until the present.\r\nThis first collective volume outlines his figure in the early Islamic tradition, and its later transformations until recent times that were shaped by Prophet-centered piety and politics. A variety of case studies offers a unique overview of the interplay of Sunn\u012b amd Sh\u012b\u02bf\u012b doctrines with literature and arts in the formation of his image. They trace the integrative and conflictual qualities of a \u201cProphetic culture\u201d, in which the Prophet of Islam continues his presence among the Muslim believers. 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Title | The Reasons for and the Consequences of Averroes’ Saying Essence to God Abstract |
Type | Article |
Language | undefined |
Date | 2021 |
Journal | Turkish Academic Research Review - Türk Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi [TARR] |
Volume | 6 |
Issue | 3 |
Categories | Theology, Metaphysics |
Author(s) | Fevzi Yiğit |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
This article deals with the relative reasons and consequences of Averroes’ saying God the essence. Thus, based on the example of Averroes, it is desired to show that the philosophers’ conception of God is actually directly related to the subject of metaphysics. The distinctions between potential and actual, being-essence and matter-form, which are thought to have strong forms of explanation, will be applied when needed. According to Averroes, his research of being is basically an investigation of essence. Although the concept of being/existence does not represent a higher level of being above the substance, it takes place in metaphysics as a higher concept with different meanings. However, according to Ibn Avicenna, the existing meets a higher level of being than the substance, and therefore its inquiry cannot be only the one for substance. Therefore, according to him, the subject of metaphysics is not a substance qua substance. In short, the possible reasons for Averroes to call God essence are as follows: First, God is the most suitable for the definition of essence in all existence. The second is that, keeping other meanings of being in mind, he accepted the concept of “mawjūd” as a mental concept that has no reality in the external world, that is, as a genus, and therefore only recognized the substance as reality. The third is the idea that the celestial bodies move endlessly. The fourth is his view on the relationship between universals and discrete entities and tangible individual essences. Following Aristotle, Averroes thinks that universals and ideas do not contribute to the existence of individual essences. The possible consequences of Averroes’ calling God a substance are as follows: The first is his Hanbalī attitude towards God in his books Fasl al-maqāl and al-Kashf an manāhij al-adilla, which he wrote on the relationship between religion and philosophy. Secondly, what was mentioned above as a cause, is a cyclical thing that can be expressed as a result here. In other words, while accepting the celestial bodies and the universe as eternal, causes God to be called essence, calling God essence results in the idea that the universe exists only apart and disconnected from him under the influence of God. The third is his rejection of the doctrines of creation out of nothing and sudūr (emanation). The refusal to create out of nothing is based on a general ontological principle -as the ancient philosophers openly expressed- “absolute absence cannot be the source of existence”. |
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Title | "For Truth Does Not Oppose Truth". The Agreement of Divine Law and Philosophy in Averroës' The Book of the Decisive Treatise (Kitab Fasl al-Maqal) |
Type | Book Section |
Language | English |
Date | 2010 |
Published in | Political Islam from Muhammad to Ahmadinejad. Defenders, Detractors, and Definitions |
Pages | 225–236 |
Categories | Theology, Law |
Author(s) | Terence J. Kleven |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | 'Truth Does not Contradict Truth'. Averroes and the Unity of Truth |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2000 |
Journal | Topoi |
Volume | 19 |
Pages | 3–16 |
Categories | Theology |
Author(s) | Richard C. Taylor |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century |
Type | Article |
Language | Persian |
Date | 2015 |
Journal | Comparative Theology |
Volume | 5 |
Issue | 12 |
Pages | 69-84 |
Categories | Epistemology, Averroism, Theology, Metaphysics |
Author(s) | Ali Ghorbani , Fath ali Akbari |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Faṣl al-maqāl, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy. |
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Title | A Muslim Perspective on Philosophy and Religion: The ‘Decisive Treatise’ of Averroes |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2007 |
Journal | Peripatetikos |
Volume | 6 |
Pages | 1-25 |
Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Law, Theology |
Author(s) | Thérèse Bonin |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | Al-Farabi and Ibn Rushd on the Correlation between Philosophy and Religion |
Type | Article |
Language | English |
Date | 2007 |
Journal | Comparative Islamic Studies |
Volume | 3 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 247–253 |
Categories | al-Fārābī, Theology |
Author(s) | Ainur D. Kurmanalieva |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | Al-Ġazali i Ibn Rušd. Mišljenje u svjetlosti vjere i razuma |
Translation | Algazel and Averroes. Their thought in the light of faith and reason |
Type | Monograph |
Language | undefined |
Date | 1991 |
Publication Place | Zagreb |
Publisher | Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo |
Series | Biblioteka Filozofska istraživanja |
Volume | 38 |
Categories | Theology, al-Ġazālī |
Author(s) | Daniel Bučan , Daniel Bučan |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen? Zum Umgang des Averroes mit dem Koran und seiner Rezeption im zeitgenössischen islamischen Denken |
Type | Book Section |
Language | German |
Date | 2010 |
Published in | Kritische Religionsgeschichte. Eine Gedenkschrift für Friedrich Niewöhner |
Pages | 47–83 |
Categories | Theology |
Author(s) | Georg Tamer |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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Title | An Indecisive Truth: Divine Law and Philosophy in the Decisive Treatise and Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
Type | Book Section |
Language | English |
Date | 2022 |
Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
Pages | 182–200 |
Categories | Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Law |
Author(s) | Karen Taliaferro |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
“Of what use,” Ralph Lerner asks in his introduction to Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” “is this pagan closet philosophy to men who already hold what they believe to be the inestimable gift of a divinely revealed Law, a sharīʿa?” In other words, once one has God's direct revelation concerning how to live, does one need philosophy? The answer to this question matters both for the standing of falsafa (Hellenistic philosophy) in Islamic intellectual history as well as for ongoing disputes in Islamic societies concerning the respective roles of sharīʿa and human wisdom. Does divinely revealed Law, sharīʿa, yield the same knowledge as philosophy, or ḥikma (literally “wisdom”), to use Averroes's terms in the Decisive Treatise? Or is there something necessary in each that the other cannot supply? This question conceals something of a dilemma. If the first formulation is correct, one or the other of sharīʿa or ḥikma would seem to be redundant—a charge Averroes himself addresses in the Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” as I discuss below. If, on the other hand, philosophy is needed in addition to sharīʿa, this can call into question the sufficiency of revelation. This returns us to Lerner's question above, for if the sharīʿa represents the fullness of divine revelation, to claim that it needs the merely human ḥikma may be blasphemous. This essay addresses the relationship between sharīʿa and human wisdom through a reading of Averroes's Decisive Treatise and his Commentary on Plato's “Republic.” I attempt to show that Averroes's firm reliance on teleology in the Commentary complements what would otherwise appear to be the primacy of sharīʿa in the Decisive Treatise. Together, I argue, these two texts paint a clearer picture of the interdependence of ḥikma and sharīʿa than either would alone suggest. Traditional interpretations of the two works suggest dramatically different messages of Averroes concerning the respective standings of sharīʿa and ḥikma. Ralph Lerner and E. I. J. Rosenthal, each a translator of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” (hereafter Commentary), disagreed rather sharply on the status of human wisdom vis-à-vis sharīʿa in Averroes's thought. To Rosenthal, in both the Decisive Treatise and the Commentary, Averroes “establishes in unequivocal terms the supreme authority of the Sharīʿa.” |
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The answer to this question matters both for the standing of falsafa (Hellenistic philosophy) in Islamic intellectual history as well as for ongoing disputes in Islamic societies concerning the respective roles of shar\u012b\u02bfa and human wisdom. Does divinely revealed Law, shar\u012b\u02bfa, yield the same knowledge as philosophy, or \u1e25ikma (literally \u201cwisdom\u201d), to use Averroes's terms in the Decisive Treatise? Or is there something necessary in each that the other cannot supply? This question conceals something of a dilemma. If the first formulation is correct, one or the other of shar\u012b\u02bfa or \u1e25ikma would seem to be redundant\u2014a charge Averroes himself addresses in the Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d as I discuss below. If, on the other hand, philosophy is needed in addition to shar\u012b\u02bfa, this can call into question the sufficiency of revelation. This returns us to Lerner's question above, for if the shar\u012b\u02bfa represents the fullness of divine revelation, to claim that it needs the merely human \u1e25ikma may be blasphemous. This essay addresses the relationship between shar\u012b\u02bfa and human wisdom through a reading of Averroes's Decisive Treatise and his Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic.\u201d I attempt to show that Averroes's firm reliance on teleology in the Commentary complements what would otherwise appear to be the primacy of shar\u012b\u02bfa in the Decisive Treatise. Together, I argue, these two texts paint a clearer picture of the interdependence of \u1e25ikma and shar\u012b\u02bfa than either would alone suggest.\r\n\r\nTraditional interpretations of the two works suggest dramatically different messages of Averroes concerning the respective standings of shar\u012b\u02bfa and \u1e25ikma. Ralph Lerner and E. I. J. Rosenthal, each a translator of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic\u201d (hereafter Commentary), disagreed rather sharply on the status of human wisdom vis-\u00e0-vis shar\u012b\u02bfa in Averroes's thought. 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Title | An Introduction to Medieval Islamic Philosophy |
Type | Monograph |
Language | English |
Date | 1985 |
Publication Place | Cambridge |
Publisher | Cambridge University Press |
Categories | Theology, Surveys |
Author(s) | Oliver Leaman |
Publisher(s) | |
Translator(s) |
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