| Title | The Virtue Ethics of Islamic Philosophers: Averroes's View on Harmony of Religion and Philosophy |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2024 |
| Published in | Morality and Revelation in Islamic Thought and beyond: A New Problem of Evil |
| Pages | 113 - 120 |
| Categories | Ethics, Theology |
| Author(s) | Amir Saemi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | An Indecisive Truth: Divine Law and Philosophy in the Decisive Treatise and Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 182–200 |
| Categories | Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Law |
| Author(s) | Karen Taliaferro |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| “Of what use,” Ralph Lerner asks in his introduction to Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” “is this pagan closet philosophy to men who already hold what they believe to be the inestimable gift of a divinely revealed Law, a sharīʿa?” In other words, once one has God's direct revelation concerning how to live, does one need philosophy? The answer to this question matters both for the standing of falsafa (Hellenistic philosophy) in Islamic intellectual history as well as for ongoing disputes in Islamic societies concerning the respective roles of sharīʿa and human wisdom. Does divinely revealed Law, sharīʿa, yield the same knowledge as philosophy, or ḥikma (literally “wisdom”), to use Averroes's terms in the Decisive Treatise? Or is there something necessary in each that the other cannot supply? This question conceals something of a dilemma. If the first formulation is correct, one or the other of sharīʿa or ḥikma would seem to be redundant—a charge Averroes himself addresses in the Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” as I discuss below. If, on the other hand, philosophy is needed in addition to sharīʿa, this can call into question the sufficiency of revelation. This returns us to Lerner's question above, for if the sharīʿa represents the fullness of divine revelation, to claim that it needs the merely human ḥikma may be blasphemous. This essay addresses the relationship between sharīʿa and human wisdom through a reading of Averroes's Decisive Treatise and his Commentary on Plato's “Republic.” I attempt to show that Averroes's firm reliance on teleology in the Commentary complements what would otherwise appear to be the primacy of sharīʿa in the Decisive Treatise. Together, I argue, these two texts paint a clearer picture of the interdependence of ḥikma and sharīʿa than either would alone suggest. Traditional interpretations of the two works suggest dramatically different messages of Averroes concerning the respective standings of sharīʿa and ḥikma. Ralph Lerner and E. I. J. Rosenthal, each a translator of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” (hereafter Commentary), disagreed rather sharply on the status of human wisdom vis-à-vis sharīʿa in Averroes's thought. To Rosenthal, in both the Decisive Treatise and the Commentary, Averroes “establishes in unequivocal terms the supreme authority of the Sharīʿa.” |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5354","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5354,"authors_free":[{"id":6205,"entry_id":5354,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1741,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Karen Taliaferro","free_first_name":"Karen","free_last_name":"Taliaferro","norm_person":{"id":1741,"first_name":"Karen","last_name":"Taliaferro","full_name":"Karen Taliaferro","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1021039934","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Karen Taliaferro"}}],"entry_title":"An Indecisive Truth: Divine Law and Philosophy in the Decisive Treatise and Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"An Indecisive Truth: Divine Law and Philosophy in the Decisive Treatise and Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"\u201cOf what use,\u201d Ralph Lerner asks in his introduction to Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d \u201cis this pagan closet philosophy to men who already hold what they believe to be the inestimable gift of a divinely revealed Law, a shar\u012b\u02bfa?\u201d In other words, once one has God's direct revelation concerning how to live, does one need philosophy? The answer to this question matters both for the standing of falsafa (Hellenistic philosophy) in Islamic intellectual history as well as for ongoing disputes in Islamic societies concerning the respective roles of shar\u012b\u02bfa and human wisdom. Does divinely revealed Law, shar\u012b\u02bfa, yield the same knowledge as philosophy, or \u1e25ikma (literally \u201cwisdom\u201d), to use Averroes's terms in the Decisive Treatise? Or is there something necessary in each that the other cannot supply? This question conceals something of a dilemma. If the first formulation is correct, one or the other of shar\u012b\u02bfa or \u1e25ikma would seem to be redundant\u2014a charge Averroes himself addresses in the Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d as I discuss below. If, on the other hand, philosophy is needed in addition to shar\u012b\u02bfa, this can call into question the sufficiency of revelation. This returns us to Lerner's question above, for if the shar\u012b\u02bfa represents the fullness of divine revelation, to claim that it needs the merely human \u1e25ikma may be blasphemous. This essay addresses the relationship between shar\u012b\u02bfa and human wisdom through a reading of Averroes's Decisive Treatise and his Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic.\u201d I attempt to show that Averroes's firm reliance on teleology in the Commentary complements what would otherwise appear to be the primacy of shar\u012b\u02bfa in the Decisive Treatise. Together, I argue, these two texts paint a clearer picture of the interdependence of \u1e25ikma and shar\u012b\u02bfa than either would alone suggest.\r\n\r\nTraditional interpretations of the two works suggest dramatically different messages of Averroes concerning the respective standings of shar\u012b\u02bfa and \u1e25ikma. Ralph Lerner and E. I. J. Rosenthal, each a translator of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic\u201d (hereafter Commentary), disagreed rather sharply on the status of human wisdom vis-\u00e0-vis shar\u012b\u02bfa in Averroes's thought. To Rosenthal, in both the Decisive Treatise and the Commentary, Averroes \u201cestablishes in unequivocal terms the supreme authority of the Shar\u012b\u02bfa.\u201d","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.009","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"}],"authors":[{"id":1741,"full_name":"Karen Taliaferro","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5354,"section_of":5346,"pages":"182\u2013200","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | The Sharīʿa of the Republic: Islamic Law and Philosophy in Averroes’s Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 160–181 |
| Categories | Law, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | Rasoul Namazi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes is one of the few Muslim philosophers whose work has had a considerable impact on European thought; the phenomenon of Averroism has been a part of the common European intellectual heritage for several centuries. One of the most enduring and widely held views, or rather myths, about Averroes for centuries has been that he was a fierce enemy of religion. This view was partly rejected by Ernest Renan's classic nineteenth-century study, in which he critiqued what he called “la legende d’Averroes.” Although a spirited follower of the Enlightenment's cult of science and battle against superstition, and despite his admiration for Averroes as a figure who tried to keep the spirit of reason alive during religious ages, Renan remained unconvinced by the charges leveled against the Arab philosopher. He tried to show how much this view of Averroes was a construction of the European mind in its own battles over heterodoxy and free thought. Renan did not, however, settle for a narrative about the intellectual history of European Averroism, but went beyond this, depicting Averroes's rationalism and Islamic beliefs as two separate, independent spheres that tend not to conflict with each other. That is to say, Averroes could have been a good Muslim as well as a good philosopher. The historicist presuppositions of Renan's thought, however—presuppositions according to which every system of thought is a product of its own time—made his perspective on Averroes incoherent and open to future revisions. Leon Gauthier, although critical of Renan, also tried to circumvent the question of the relationship between Islam and philosophy in Averroes's work. He did this by depicting Islam as a religion without substantial doctrinal content, thereby making possible its compatibility with Greek philosophy. Gauthier therefore claimed that Averroes's thought could be seen as “un rationalisme sans reserve [an unqualified rationalism]” without necessarily rendering Averroes an unbeliever. Scholars like A. F. Mehren, Max Horten, and Asìn Palacio avoided such unsatisfactory solutions by wholeheartedly embracing the view that, in the end, Islamic philosophy is more Islamic than philosophic. They argued that the Islamic philosophy of the falāsifa is an outgrowth of Islamic beliefs expressed in the language of Greek philosophy, and fully in the service of Muslim revelation; therefore, according to these scholars, there is no real conflict between Averroes's philosophy and the tenets of Islam. |
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| Title | La dimension éthique et politique de la révélation prophétique chez les falāsifa |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam, Volume 1: The Prophet Between Doctrine, Literature and Arts: Historical Legacies and Their Unfolding |
| Pages | 327–347 |
| Categories | Theology, Epistemology, Cosmology, al-Fārābī, Avicenna |
| Author(s) | Meryem Sebti |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The Greek heritage nourished and deeply influenced a philosophical tradition in Arabic. This Greek heritage was reinterpreted by Muslim philosophers during the period from the ninth to the twelfth century. The approach by the latter, called falāsifa, towards the question of prophecy will have a decisive influence on certain Ashʿarite theologians, and the Avicennian synthesis constitutes a major step in the constitution of an Islamic prophetology, so that one may consider that there is a before and an after Avicenna, with regard to the doctrine of prophecy in the Muslim world. It is not possible to outline the contours of a prophetology that would be common to all falāsifa: Al-Kindī (after 870), Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (864–925), al-Fārābī (d. 950), Avicenna (980–1037), Ibn Bājja (around 1138), Ibn Ṭufayl (1110–1185) and Averroes (1126–1198). Nevertheless, despite their differences and their disagreements, they have tried to rationally report the phenomenon of prophecy, integrating it – for some of them – into a complex emanative cosmology. Finally, and despite their differences, we find in Avicenna and in Averroes the affirmation of the ethical and political function of the prophet. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5403","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5403,"authors_free":[{"id":6264,"entry_id":5403,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Meryem Sebti","free_first_name":"Meryem Sebti","free_last_name":"Meryem Sebti","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"La dimension \u00e9thique et politique de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation proph\u00e9tique chez les fal\u0101sifa","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"La dimension \u00e9thique et politique de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation proph\u00e9tique chez les fal\u0101sifa"},"abstract":"The Greek heritage nourished and deeply influenced a philosophical tradition in Arabic. This Greek heritage was reinterpreted by Muslim philosophers during the period from the ninth to the twelfth century. The approach by the latter, called fal\u0101sifa, towards the question of prophecy will have a decisive influence on certain Ash\u02bfarite theologians, and the Avicennian synthesis constitutes a major step in the constitution of an Islamic prophetology, so that one may consider that there is a before and an after Avicenna, with regard to the doctrine of prophecy in the Muslim world. It is not possible to outline the contours of a prophetology that would be common to all fal\u0101sifa: Al-Kind\u012b (after 870), Ab\u016b Bakr al-R\u0101z\u012b (864\u2013925), al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b (d. 950), Avicenna (980\u20131037), Ibn B\u0101jja (around 1138), Ibn \u1e6cufayl (1110\u20131185) and Averroes (1126\u20131198). Nevertheless, despite their differences and their disagreements, they have tried to rationally report the phenomenon of prophecy, integrating it \u2013 for some of them \u2013 into a complex emanative cosmology. Finally, and despite their differences, we find in Avicenna and in Averroes the affirmation of the ethical and political function of the prophet.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"French","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004466739_014","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":73,"category_name":"Epistemology","link":"bib?categories[]=Epistemology"},{"id":19,"category_name":"Cosmology","link":"bib?categories[]=Cosmology"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5403,"section_of":5402,"pages":"327\u2013347 ","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5402,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam, Volume 1: The Prophet Between Doctrine, Literature and Arts: Historical Legacies and Their Unfolding ","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"The three-volume series titled The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam, is the first attempt to explore the dynamics of the representation of the Prophet Muhammad in the course of Muslim history until the present.\r\nThis first collective volume outlines his figure in the early Islamic tradition, and its later transformations until recent times that were shaped by Prophet-centered piety and politics. A variety of case studies offers a unique overview of the interplay of Sunn\u012b amd Sh\u012b\u02bf\u012b doctrines with literature and arts in the formation of his image. They trace the integrative and conflictual qualities of a \u201cProphetic culture\u201d, in which the Prophet of Islam continues his presence among the Muslim believers. ","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004466739","book":{"id":5402,"pubplace":"Leiden, Boston","publisher":"Brill","series":"Handbook of Oriental studies; Section 1: The Near and Middle East","volume":"159","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6261,"entry_id":5402,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Denis Gril","free_first_name":"Denis","free_last_name":"Gril","norm_person":null},{"id":6262,"entry_id":5402,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Stefan Reichmuth","free_first_name":"Stefan","free_last_name":"Reichmuth","norm_person":null},{"id":6263,"entry_id":5402,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Dilek Sarmis","free_first_name":"Dilek","free_last_name":"Sarmis","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Only Learning That Distances You from Sins Today Saves You from Hellfire Tomorrow”: Boundaries and Horizons of Education in al-Ghazālī and Ibn Rushd |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Published in | Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change |
| Pages | 260–297 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Science, Theology, Logic, Metaphysics, Physics, Ethics |
| Author(s) | Sebastian Günther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5047","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5047,"authors_free":[{"id":5796,"entry_id":5047,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1696,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Sebastian G\u00fcnther","free_first_name":"Sebastian ","free_last_name":"G\u00fcnther","norm_person":{"id":1696,"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"G\u00fcnther","full_name":"Sebastian G\u00fcnther","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/139160531","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Sebastian G\u00fcnther"}}],"entry_title":"Only Learning That Distances You from Sins Today Saves You from Hellfire Tomorrow\u201d: Boundaries and Horizons of Education in al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b and Ibn Rushd","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Only Learning That Distances You from Sins Today Saves You from Hellfire Tomorrow\u201d: Boundaries and Horizons of Education in al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b and Ibn Rushd"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2020","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004413214_014","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":56,"category_name":"Science","link":"bib?categories[]=Science"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":27,"category_name":"Logic","link":"bib?categories[]=Logic"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":37,"category_name":"Physics","link":"bib?categories[]=Physics"},{"id":22,"category_name":"Ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Ethics"}],"authors":[{"id":1696,"full_name":"Sebastian G\u00fcnther","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5047,"section_of":5046,"pages":"260\u2013297","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5046,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2020","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change is a pioneering collection of essays on the historical developments, ideals, and practices of Islamic learning and teaching in the formative and classical periods of Islam (i.e., from the seventh to fifteenth centuries CE). Based on innovative and philologically sound primary source research, and utilizing the most recent methodological tools, this two volume set sheds new light on the challenges and opportunities that arise from a deep engagement with classical Islamic concepts of knowledge, its production and acquisition, and, of course, learning. Learning is especially important because of its relevance to contemporary communities and societies in our increasingly multicultural, \u201cglobal\u201d civilizations, whether Eastern or Western. ","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004413214","book":{"id":5046,"pubplace":"Leiden, Boston ","publisher":"Brill","series":"Islamic History and Civilization","volume":"172","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2020]}
| Title | Putting Criticisms against al-Ghazālī in Perspective: New Materials on the Interface between Law, Rational Theology and Mysticism in Almoravid and Almohad al-Andalus (Ibn Rushd al-Jadd and al-Qurṭubī) |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Published in | Philosophical Theology in Islam |
| Pages | 254–297 |
| Categories | Law, Theology |
| Author(s) | Xavier Casassas Canals , Delfina Serrano-Ruano |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5473","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5473,"authors_free":[{"id":6346,"entry_id":5473,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":" Xavier Casassas Canals","free_first_name":" Xavier Casassas ","free_last_name":"Canals","norm_person":null},{"id":6347,"entry_id":5473,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Delfina Serrano-Ruano","free_first_name":"Delfina ","free_last_name":"Serrano-Ruano","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Putting Criticisms against al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b in Perspective: New Materials on the Interface between Law, Rational Theology and Mysticism in Almoravid and Almohad al-Andalus (Ibn Rushd al-Jadd and al-Qur\u1e6dub\u012b)","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Putting Criticisms against al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b in Perspective: New Materials on the Interface between Law, Rational Theology and Mysticism in Almoravid and Almohad al-Andalus (Ibn Rushd al-Jadd and al-Qur\u1e6dub\u012b)"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2020","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004426610_011","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5473,"section_of":5472,"pages":"254\u2013297","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5472,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Philosophical Theology in Islam","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2020","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Philosophical Theology in Islam studies the later history of the Ash\u02bfar\u012b school of theology through in-depth probings of its thought, sources, scholarly networks and contexts. Starting with a review of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b\u2019s role in the emergence of post-Avicennan philosophical theology, the book offers a series of case studies on hitherto unstudied texts by the towering thinker Fakhr al-D\u012bn al-R\u0101z\u012b as well as specific philosophical and theological topics treated in his works. Studies furthermore shed light on the transmission and reception of later Ash\u02bfar\u012b doctrines in periods and regions that have so far received little scholarly attention. This book is the first exploration of the later Ash\u02bfar\u012b tradition across the medieval and early-modern period through a trans-regional perspective.\r\n\r\nContributors: Peter Adamson, Asad Q. Ahmed, Fedor Benevich, Xavier Casassas Canals, Jon Hoover, Bilal Ibrahim, Andreas Lammer, Reza Pourjavady, Harith Ramli, Ulrich Rudolph, Meryem Sebti, Delfina Serrano-Ruano, Ayman Shihadeh, Aaron Spevack, and Jan Thiele.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5472,"pubplace":"Leiden; Boston ","publisher":"Brill","series":"Islamicate Intellectual History","volume":"5","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6344,"entry_id":5472,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Ayman Shihadeh","free_first_name":"Ayman","free_last_name":"Shihadeh","norm_person":null},{"id":6345,"entry_id":5472,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Jan Thiele","free_first_name":"Jan ","free_last_name":"Thiele","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2020]}
| Title | Muhammad b. Ahmad Ibn Rushd (d.595-1198) |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Arguments for God's existence in classical Islamic thought: A Reappraisal of the Discourse |
| Pages | 172-200 |
| Categories | Theology, Metaphysics, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | Hannah C. Erlwein |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5468","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5468,"authors_free":[{"id":6338,"entry_id":5468,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1817,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Hannah C. Erlwein","free_first_name":"Hannah C.","free_last_name":"Erlwein","norm_person":{"id":1817,"first_name":"Hannah C.","last_name":"Erlwein","full_name":"Hannah C. Erlwein","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1191423735","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Hannah C. Erlwein"}}],"entry_title":"Muhammad b. Ahmad Ibn Rushd (d.595-1198)","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Muhammad b. Ahmad Ibn Rushd (d.595-1198)"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2019","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783110619560-010","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"}],"authors":[{"id":1817,"full_name":"Hannah C. Erlwein","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5468,"section_of":5469,"pages":"172-200","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5469,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"Arguments for God's existence in classical Islamic thought: A Reappraisal of the Discourse","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2019","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"The endeavour to prove God\u2019s existence through rational argumentation was an integral part of classical Islamic theology (kal\u0101m) and philosophy (falsafa), thus the frequently articulated assumption in the academic literature. The Islamic discourse in question is then often compared to the discourse on arguments for God\u2019s existence in the western tradition, not only in terms of its objectives but also in terms of the arguments used: Islamic thinkers, too, put forward arguments that have been labelled as cosmological, teleological, and ontological. This book, however, argues that arguments for God\u2019s existence are absent from the theological and philosophical works of the classical Islamic era. This is not to say that the arguments encountered there are flawed arguments for God\u2019s existence. Rather, it means that the arguments under consideration serve a different purpose than to prove that God exists. Through a close reading of the works of several mutakallim\u016bn and fal\u0101sifa from the 3rd\u20127th\/9th\u201213th century, such as al-B\u0101qill\u0101n\u012b and Fakhr al-D\u012bn al-R\u0101z\u012b as well as Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 and Ibn Rushd, this book proffers a re-evaluation of the discourse in question, and it suggests what its participants sought to prove if it is not that God exists.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783110619560","book":{"id":5469,"pubplace":"Berlin; Boston","publisher":"De Gruyter","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6339,"entry_id":5469,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1817,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Hannah C. Erlwein","free_first_name":"Hannah C.","free_last_name":"Erlwein","norm_person":{"id":1817,"first_name":"Hannah C.","last_name":"Erlwein","full_name":"Hannah C. Erlwein","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1191423735","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | Whose Prime Mover is More (un)Aristotelian, Broadie’s, Berti’s or Averroes’? |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | La philosophie arabe à l’étude. Sens, limites et défis d’une discipline moderne. Studying Arabic Philosophy: Meaning, Limits and Challenges of a Modern Discipline |
| Pages | 345–390 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Metaphysics, Cosmology, Theology, Modern Readings |
| Author(s) | David Twetten |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5077","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5077,"authors_free":[{"id":5838,"entry_id":5077,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":919,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"David Twetten","free_first_name":"David","free_last_name":"Twetten ","norm_person":{"id":919,"first_name":"David B.","last_name":"Twetten","full_name":"David B. Twetten","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/156465876","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/105722162","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=David B. Twetten"}}],"entry_title":"Whose Prime Mover is More (un)Aristotelian, Broadie\u2019s, Berti\u2019s or Averroes\u2019?","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Whose Prime Mover is More (un)Aristotelian, Broadie\u2019s, Berti\u2019s or Averroes\u2019?"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2019","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":19,"category_name":"Cosmology","link":"bib?categories[]=Cosmology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":35,"category_name":"Modern Readings","link":"bib?categories[]=Modern Readings"}],"authors":[{"id":919,"full_name":"David B. Twetten","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5077,"section_of":5070,"pages":"345\u2013390","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5070,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"La philosophie arabe \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude. Sens, limites et d\u00e9fis d\u2019une discipline moderne. Studying Arabic Philosophy: Meaning, Limits and Challenges of a Modern Discipline","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2019","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"What is the current state of the study of Arabic philosophy? This book provides an overview of the situation. The aim is to draw up a first assessment of the research carried out in the field of Arabic philosophy, reconsidering the historiography and the nomenclature, and examining the subjects and objectives, as well as the methods of analysis that have commonly been used. We also present studies - on authors, traditions and concepts - that show how work is progressing, what tensions persist, and what the prospects are.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5070,"pubplace":"Paris","publisher":"Librairie philosophique J. Vrin","series":"Sic et non","volume":"37","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | Dogmatics, Theology, and Philosophy in Averroes |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Interpreting Averroes. Critical Essays |
| Pages | 27–44 |
| Categories | Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | Mokdad Arfa Mensia |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| An analysis of Averroes' treatise Exposition (Kashf) of the Methods Used in Religion, arguing that he adopts a "zahirite" approach in response to Islamic theology: Scripture should be taken at face value by most people, and simply accepted as dogma. Only philosophers are in a position to set constraints for the correct nonliteral interpretation of Scripture. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5114","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5114,"authors_free":[{"id":5889,"entry_id":5114,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1036,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Mokdad Arfa Mensia","free_first_name":"Mokdad ","free_last_name":"Arfa Mensia","norm_person":{"id":1036,"first_name":"Mokdad Arfa","last_name":"Mensia","full_name":"Mokdad Arfa Mensia","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/187255466","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/3380832","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Mokdad Arfa Mensia"}}],"entry_title":"Dogmatics, Theology, and Philosophy in Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Dogmatics, Theology, and Philosophy in Averroes"},"abstract":"An analysis of Averroes' treatise Exposition (Kashf) of the Methods Used in Religion, arguing that he adopts a \"zahirite\" approach in response to Islamic theology: Scripture should be taken at face value by most people, and simply accepted as dogma. Only philosophers are in a position to set constraints for the correct nonliteral interpretation of Scripture.","btype":2,"date":"2019","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781316335543.003","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1036,"full_name":"Mokdad Arfa Mensia","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5114,"section_of":4977,"pages":"27\u201344","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":4977,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"Interpreting Averroes. Critical Essays","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2019","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":4977,"pubplace":"Cambridge","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | Averroes (1179): Massgebliche Abhandlung |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | German |
| Date | 2018 |
| Published in | Religionsphilosophie und Religionskritik. Ein Handbuch |
| Pages | 95–102 |
| Categories | Politics, Theology, Law |
| Author(s) | Mario C. Wintersteiger |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5025","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5025,"authors_free":[{"id":5763,"entry_id":5025,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1687,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Mario C. Wintersteiger","free_first_name":"Mario C.","free_last_name":"Wintersteiger","norm_person":{"id":1687,"first_name":"Mario C. ","last_name":"Wintersteiger ","full_name":"Mario C. Wintersteiger ","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1059300621","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Mario C. Wintersteiger "}}],"entry_title":"Averroes (1179): Massgebliche Abhandlung","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes (1179): Massgebliche Abhandlung"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2018","language":"German","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"}],"authors":[{"id":1687,"full_name":"Mario C. Wintersteiger ","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5025,"section_of":5024,"pages":"95\u2013102","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5024,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"de","title":"Religionsphilosophie und Religionskritik. Ein Handbuch","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2018","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Die Wiederkehr der Religion ist in aller Munde. Darin artikuliert sich auch ein Unbehagen an den Entwicklungen einer Moderne, in der die wissenschaftlich-technische Vernunft an ihre Grenzen zu sto\u00dfen scheint. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es das Ziel des Handbuchs, die gegenw\u00e4rtig viel diskutierten Chancen, aber auch die Gefahren, die mit einer R\u00fcckkehr der Religion verbunden sind, aus der Perspektive der Religionsphilosophie zu reflektieren. Vorgestellt werden 80 Werke aus fast 2500 Jahren westlicher Geistesgeschichte von Platon bis Charles Taylor, die von ausgewiesenen Experten in ihren historischen Kontext gestellt und in ihrer Wirkungsgeschichte analysiert werden. Ein Handbuch f\u00fcr alle, die an Religionsgeschichte, Religionswissenschaft, Theologie und Philosophie interessiert sind.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5024,"pubplace":"Berlin","publisher":"Suhrkamp","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2018]}
| Title | "For Truth Does Not Oppose Truth". The Agreement of Divine Law and Philosophy in Averroës' The Book of the Decisive Treatise (Kitab Fasl al-Maqal) |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2010 |
| Published in | Political Islam from Muhammad to Ahmadinejad. Defenders, Detractors, and Definitions |
| Pages | 225–236 |
| Categories | Theology, Law |
| Author(s) | Terence J. Kleven |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1427","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1427,"authors_free":[{"id":1622,"entry_id":1427,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1332,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Terence J. Kleven","free_first_name":"Terence J.","free_last_name":"Kleven","norm_person":{"id":1332,"first_name":"Terence J.","last_name":"Kleven","full_name":"Terence J. Kleven","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1050705157","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/308213722","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Terence J. Kleven"}}],"entry_title":"\"For Truth Does Not Oppose Truth\". The Agreement of Divine Law and Philosophy in Averro\u00ebs' The Book of the Decisive Treatise (Kitab Fasl al-Maqal)","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"\"For Truth Does Not Oppose Truth\". The Agreement of Divine Law and Philosophy in Averro\u00ebs' The Book of the Decisive Treatise (Kitab Fasl al-Maqal)"},"abstract":null,"btype":2,"date":"2010","language":"English","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"}],"authors":[{"id":1332,"full_name":"Terence J. Kleven","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1427,"section_of":191,"pages":"225\u2013236","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":191,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Political Islam from Muhammad to Ahmadinejad. Defenders, Detractors, and Definitions","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2010","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2010","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":191,"pubplace":"Santa Barbara (CA)","publisher":"Praeger Security International","series":null,"volume":null,"edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["\"For Truth Does Not Oppose Truth\". The Agreement of Divine Law and Philosophy in Averro\u00ebs' The Book of the Decisive Treatise (Kitab Fasl al-Maqal)"]}
| Title | Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen? Zum Umgang des Averroes mit dem Koran und seiner Rezeption im zeitgenössischen islamischen Denken |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | German |
| Date | 2010 |
| Published in | Kritische Religionsgeschichte. Eine Gedenkschrift für Friedrich Niewöhner |
| Pages | 47–83 |
| Categories | Theology |
| Author(s) | Georg Tamer |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | An Indecisive Truth: Divine Law and Philosophy in the Decisive Treatise and Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 182–200 |
| Categories | Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Law |
| Author(s) | Karen Taliaferro |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| “Of what use,” Ralph Lerner asks in his introduction to Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” “is this pagan closet philosophy to men who already hold what they believe to be the inestimable gift of a divinely revealed Law, a sharīʿa?” In other words, once one has God's direct revelation concerning how to live, does one need philosophy? The answer to this question matters both for the standing of falsafa (Hellenistic philosophy) in Islamic intellectual history as well as for ongoing disputes in Islamic societies concerning the respective roles of sharīʿa and human wisdom. Does divinely revealed Law, sharīʿa, yield the same knowledge as philosophy, or ḥikma (literally “wisdom”), to use Averroes's terms in the Decisive Treatise? Or is there something necessary in each that the other cannot supply? This question conceals something of a dilemma. If the first formulation is correct, one or the other of sharīʿa or ḥikma would seem to be redundant—a charge Averroes himself addresses in the Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” as I discuss below. If, on the other hand, philosophy is needed in addition to sharīʿa, this can call into question the sufficiency of revelation. This returns us to Lerner's question above, for if the sharīʿa represents the fullness of divine revelation, to claim that it needs the merely human ḥikma may be blasphemous. This essay addresses the relationship between sharīʿa and human wisdom through a reading of Averroes's Decisive Treatise and his Commentary on Plato's “Republic.” I attempt to show that Averroes's firm reliance on teleology in the Commentary complements what would otherwise appear to be the primacy of sharīʿa in the Decisive Treatise. Together, I argue, these two texts paint a clearer picture of the interdependence of ḥikma and sharīʿa than either would alone suggest. Traditional interpretations of the two works suggest dramatically different messages of Averroes concerning the respective standings of sharīʿa and ḥikma. Ralph Lerner and E. I. J. Rosenthal, each a translator of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” (hereafter Commentary), disagreed rather sharply on the status of human wisdom vis-à-vis sharīʿa in Averroes's thought. To Rosenthal, in both the Decisive Treatise and the Commentary, Averroes “establishes in unequivocal terms the supreme authority of the Sharīʿa.” |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5354","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5354,"authors_free":[{"id":6205,"entry_id":5354,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1741,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Karen Taliaferro","free_first_name":"Karen","free_last_name":"Taliaferro","norm_person":{"id":1741,"first_name":"Karen","last_name":"Taliaferro","full_name":"Karen Taliaferro","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1021039934","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Karen Taliaferro"}}],"entry_title":"An Indecisive Truth: Divine Law and Philosophy in the Decisive Treatise and Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"An Indecisive Truth: Divine Law and Philosophy in the Decisive Treatise and Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"\u201cOf what use,\u201d Ralph Lerner asks in his introduction to Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d \u201cis this pagan closet philosophy to men who already hold what they believe to be the inestimable gift of a divinely revealed Law, a shar\u012b\u02bfa?\u201d In other words, once one has God's direct revelation concerning how to live, does one need philosophy? The answer to this question matters both for the standing of falsafa (Hellenistic philosophy) in Islamic intellectual history as well as for ongoing disputes in Islamic societies concerning the respective roles of shar\u012b\u02bfa and human wisdom. Does divinely revealed Law, shar\u012b\u02bfa, yield the same knowledge as philosophy, or \u1e25ikma (literally \u201cwisdom\u201d), to use Averroes's terms in the Decisive Treatise? Or is there something necessary in each that the other cannot supply? This question conceals something of a dilemma. If the first formulation is correct, one or the other of shar\u012b\u02bfa or \u1e25ikma would seem to be redundant\u2014a charge Averroes himself addresses in the Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d as I discuss below. If, on the other hand, philosophy is needed in addition to shar\u012b\u02bfa, this can call into question the sufficiency of revelation. This returns us to Lerner's question above, for if the shar\u012b\u02bfa represents the fullness of divine revelation, to claim that it needs the merely human \u1e25ikma may be blasphemous. This essay addresses the relationship between shar\u012b\u02bfa and human wisdom through a reading of Averroes's Decisive Treatise and his Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic.\u201d I attempt to show that Averroes's firm reliance on teleology in the Commentary complements what would otherwise appear to be the primacy of shar\u012b\u02bfa in the Decisive Treatise. Together, I argue, these two texts paint a clearer picture of the interdependence of \u1e25ikma and shar\u012b\u02bfa than either would alone suggest.\r\n\r\nTraditional interpretations of the two works suggest dramatically different messages of Averroes concerning the respective standings of shar\u012b\u02bfa and \u1e25ikma. Ralph Lerner and E. I. J. Rosenthal, each a translator of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic\u201d (hereafter Commentary), disagreed rather sharply on the status of human wisdom vis-\u00e0-vis shar\u012b\u02bfa in Averroes's thought. 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| Title | Aristote et le Coran dans le Kitāb al-Kašfʿan manāhiǧ al-adilla d'Averroès |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2007 |
| Published in | Averroes et les Averroïsmes juif et latin. Actes du Colloque International. Paris, 16–18 juin 2005 |
| Pages | 193–213 |
| Categories | Theology |
| Author(s) | no authors |
| Publisher(s) | no authors |
| Translator(s) | no authors |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1316","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1316,"authors_free":[],"entry_title":"Aristote et le Coran dans le Kit\u0101b al-Ka\u0161f\u02bfan man\u0101hi\u01e7 al-adilla d'Averro\u00e8s","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Aristote et le Coran dans le Kit\u0101b al-Ka\u0161f\u02bfan man\u0101hi\u01e7 al-adilla d'Averro\u00e8s"},"abstract":null,"btype":2,"date":"2007","language":"French","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1316,"section_of":159,"pages":"193\u2013213","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":159,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Averroes et les Averro\u00efsmes juif et latin. Actes du Colloque International. Paris, 16\u201318 juin 2005","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2007","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2007","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":159,"pubplace":"Louvain-la-Neuve","publisher":"Brepols","series":"Textes et \u00e9tudes du moyen \u00e2ge","volume":"40","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Aristote et le Coran dans le Kit\u0101b al-Ka\u0161f\u02bfan man\u0101hi\u01e7 al-adilla d'Averro\u00e8s"]}
| Title | Avempace et Averroes: de la re-fondation de le science du gouvernement a la critique politique de la theologie |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2009 |
| Published in | Islam et politique àl'âge classique |
| Pages | 230 - 263 |
| Categories | Politics, Theology |
| Author(s) | Makram Abbes |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5828","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5828,"authors_free":[{"id":6766,"entry_id":5828,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Makram Abbes","free_first_name":"","free_last_name":"","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Avempace et Averroes: de la re-fondation de le science du gouvernement a la critique politique de la theologie","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Avempace et Averroes: de la re-fondation de le science du gouvernement a la critique politique de la theologie"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2009","language":"French","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5828,"section_of":5829,"pages":"230 - 263","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5829,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"fr","title":"Islam et politique \u00e0l'\u00e2ge classique","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2009","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5829,"pubplace":"Paris","publisher":"Presses Universitaires de France","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6767,"entry_id":5829,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Makram Abbes","free_first_name":"","free_last_name":"","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1}}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Avempace et Averroes: de la re-fondation de le science du gouvernement a la critique politique de la theologie"]}
| Title | Averroes (1179): Massgebliche Abhandlung |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | German |
| Date | 2018 |
| Published in | Religionsphilosophie und Religionskritik. Ein Handbuch |
| Pages | 95–102 |
| Categories | Politics, Theology, Law |
| Author(s) | Mario C. Wintersteiger |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5025","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5025,"authors_free":[{"id":5763,"entry_id":5025,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1687,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Mario C. Wintersteiger","free_first_name":"Mario C.","free_last_name":"Wintersteiger","norm_person":{"id":1687,"first_name":"Mario C. ","last_name":"Wintersteiger ","full_name":"Mario C. Wintersteiger ","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1059300621","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Mario C. Wintersteiger "}}],"entry_title":"Averroes (1179): Massgebliche Abhandlung","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes (1179): Massgebliche Abhandlung"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2018","language":"German","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"}],"authors":[{"id":1687,"full_name":"Mario C. Wintersteiger ","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5025,"section_of":5024,"pages":"95\u2013102","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5024,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"de","title":"Religionsphilosophie und Religionskritik. Ein Handbuch","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2018","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Die Wiederkehr der Religion ist in aller Munde. Darin artikuliert sich auch ein Unbehagen an den Entwicklungen einer Moderne, in der die wissenschaftlich-technische Vernunft an ihre Grenzen zu sto\u00dfen scheint. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es das Ziel des Handbuchs, die gegenw\u00e4rtig viel diskutierten Chancen, aber auch die Gefahren, die mit einer R\u00fcckkehr der Religion verbunden sind, aus der Perspektive der Religionsphilosophie zu reflektieren. Vorgestellt werden 80 Werke aus fast 2500 Jahren westlicher Geistesgeschichte von Platon bis Charles Taylor, die von ausgewiesenen Experten in ihren historischen Kontext gestellt und in ihrer Wirkungsgeschichte analysiert werden. Ein Handbuch f\u00fcr alle, die an Religionsgeschichte, Religionswissenschaft, Theologie und Philosophie interessiert sind.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5024,"pubplace":"Berlin","publisher":"Suhrkamp","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Averroes (1179): Massgebliche Abhandlung"]}
| Title | Averroes (d. 1198), The Decisive Treatise |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2016 |
| Published in | The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy |
| Pages | 278–295 |
| Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology, Politics, Law |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In his Decisive Treatise, Andalusian philosopher Averroes (1126–1198) analyzes the relation between philosophy and religion from an Islamic legal perspective. He emphasizes the obligation upon some Muslims to study philosophy and how philosophy can be considered one of the Islamic sciences. He mentions the significance of a nonliteral reading of the Qur’ān and defends the compatibility between Aristotelian philosophy and Islamic religion. |
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| Title | Averroes and Aquinas: Some Reflections on the Study and Role of Philosophy and Religion in the Middle Ages |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | Existence, Cause, Essence. Essays in Islamic Philosophy and Theology |
| Pages | 75–85 |
| Categories | Thomas, Theology |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes and Maimonides in Defense of Philosophizing |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2005 |
| Published in | The Trias of Maimonides. Jewish, Arabic and Ancient Culture of Knowledge |
| Pages | ?-? |
| Categories | Theology |
| Author(s) | Ralph Lerner |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes and Roger Bacon on the Harmony of Religion and Philosophy |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 1987 |
| Published in | A Straight Path. Studies in Medieval Philosophy and Culture. Essays in Honor of Arthur Hyman |
| Pages | 98–112 |
| Categories | Theology |
| Author(s) | Jeremiah Hackett |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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