{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1741","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1741,"authors_free":[{"id":2008,"entry_id":1741,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":815,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Amos Bertolacci","free_first_name":"Amos","free_last_name":"Bertolacci","norm_person":{"id":815,"first_name":"Amos","last_name":"Bertolacci","full_name":"Amos Bertolacci","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/156504006","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/61846437","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Amos Bertolacci"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes against Avicenna on Human Spontaneous Generation: The Starting-Point of a Lasting Debate","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes against Avicenna on Human Spontaneous Generation: The Starting-Point of a Lasting Debate"},"abstract":"The first criticism of Avicenna in Averroes\u2019s Long Commentary on Metaphysica (II, 993a30-995a20) regards Avicenna\u2019s doctrine of the asexual (so-called \u2018spontaneous\u2019) generation of human beings. This criticism is interesting in two main regards. When considered in the general historical context of the confrontation between advocates and opponents of spontaneous generation, the specific debate between Averroes and Avicenna on this issue can be said to have had a long-lasting impact on Latin philosophy up until the Renaissance. Doctrinally, the criticism in question can be taken as a paradigm of Averroes\u2019s more general anti-Avicennian polemic and of the ideological reasons of his dissent towards his illustrious predecessor. In fact, the criticism in questions displays three leitmotivs of Averroes\u2019s dissent towards Avicenna: the harsh tone and the ad personam character of the attack, stressing an error unworthy of Avicenna\u2019s alleged fame in philosophy; the insistence on Avicenna\u2019s agreement and consonance with contemporary thinkers, a fact that in Averroes\u2019s eyes evidences the profound gap separating Avicenna from the ancient masters, depositaries of authentic philosophy; the reproach addressed to Avicenna of being too conversant with, and receptive of, Islamic theology, thus disregarding the requirements of true philosophy. The article shows that in each of these three respects Averroes in fact presents Avicenna\u2019s position in a biased way: indeed Avicenna does not uphold the specific version of human spontaneous generation that Averroes ascribes to him; his doctrine of human spontaneous generation is deeply rooted in ancient philosophy; and his account of this doctrine evidences clear non-religious (and therefore non-theological) traits.","btype":2,"date":"2013","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5240-5_2","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[{"id":815,"full_name":"Amos Bertolacci","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1741,"section_of":241,"pages":"37\u201354","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":241,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2013","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2013","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":241,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Springer","series":"International Archives of the History of Ideas","volume":"211","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2013]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1745","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1745,"authors_free":[{"id":2012,"entry_id":1745,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1482,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Nicholas Holland","free_first_name":"Nicholas","free_last_name":"Holland","norm_person":{"id":1482,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Holland","full_name":"Nicholas Holland","short_ident":"NicHol","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Nicholas Holland"}}],"entry_title":"The Transmutations of a Young Averroist: Agostino Nifo\u2019s Commentary on the Destructio Destructionum of Averroes and the Nature of Celestial Influences","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Transmutations of a Young Averroist: Agostino Nifo\u2019s Commentary on the Destructio Destructionum of Averroes and the Nature of Celestial Influences"},"abstract":"This chapter examines Agostino Nifo\u2019s analysis of the nature of celestial influence on the sublunary world in his commentary on Averroes\u2019s Destructio destructionum (Tah\u0101fut al-Tah\u0101fut). First it explores how Nifo derives from sources contained in Averroes\u2019s work and through the mediation of Albertus Magnus and other Latin philosophers, the idea that the heavenly bodies may cause \u2018spiritual\u2019 or \u2018intentional\u2019 as well as physical or corporeal change in the sublunary world. In his commentary (1497) on the fourteenth dispute of the Destructio, Nifo brings this dualist model of celestial influence together with material drawn from Neoplatonic, Hermetic and astrological sources in order to explain the principles of prophecy, alchemy, demonology and magnetism. Where Averroes had associated celestial influence with a form of unintentional causality, Nifo\u2019s account suggests that celestial bodies follow patterns of intentional activity. In this way, celestial bodies are seen as a cause of change in the sublunary world, in general, and on man, in particular. The closing section contrasts Nifo\u2019s method of synthesising conflicting philosophical positions and his defense of astrology with the work of his contemporary and sometime associate Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.","btype":2,"date":"2013","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5240-5_6","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":59,"category_name":"Agostino Nifo","link":"bib?categories[]=Agostino Nifo"},{"id":19,"category_name":"Cosmology","link":"bib?categories[]=Cosmology"}],"authors":[{"id":1482,"full_name":"Nicholas Holland","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1745,"section_of":241,"pages":"99\u2013124","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":241,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2013","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2013","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":241,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Springer","series":"International Archives of the History of Ideas","volume":"211","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2013]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1742","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1742,"authors_free":[{"id":2009,"entry_id":1742,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":709,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Charles Burnett","free_first_name":"Charles","free_last_name":"Burnett","norm_person":{"id":709,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Burnett","full_name":"Charles Burnett","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/137454031","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/79051939","db_url":"https:\/\/www.deutsche-biographie.de\/pnd137454031.html","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Charles Burnett"}}],"entry_title":"Revisiting the 1552\u20131550 and 1562 Aristotle-Averroes Edition","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Revisiting the 1552\u20131550 and 1562 Aristotle-Averroes Edition"},"abstract":"This article analyses the changes that were made between the well-known edition of all the works of Aristotle with the commentaries of Averroes published by Giunta brothers in Venice in 1550 (with a prefatory volume dated 1552), and an edition of 1562 from the same publishing house. It shows how the differences reflect the changes of interest in the time, especially in the University of Padua.","btype":2,"date":"2013","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5240-5_3","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":40,"category_name":"Transmission","link":"bib?categories[]=Transmission"}],"authors":[{"id":709,"full_name":"Charles Burnett","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1742,"section_of":241,"pages":"55\u201364","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":241,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2013","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2013","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":241,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Springer","series":"International Archives of the History of Ideas","volume":"211","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2013]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1751","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1751,"authors_free":[{"id":2018,"entry_id":1751,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":684,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Gregorio Piaia","free_first_name":"Gregorio","free_last_name":"Piaia","norm_person":{"id":684,"first_name":"Gregorio","last_name":"Piaia","full_name":"Gregorio Piaia","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1141240149","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/2485674","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Gregorio Piaia"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes and Arabic Philosophy in the Modern Historia Philosophica: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes and Arabic Philosophy in the Modern Historia Philosophica: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries"},"abstract":"Averroes\u2019s role as Aristotle\u2019s commentator par excellence guaranteed him widespread and certain fame up to the first decades of the seventeenth century; but the crisis of Peripateticism and the establishment of the new philosophy and new science also find an echo in the image of Averreoes and, more generally, in that of Arabic philosophy and science. Here we find Averroes taking on the role of a symbol of perverse intellectual activity (Malebranche), an unscrupulous thinker as regards religion, or even, at times, of an unbeliever (Bayle, Hume). The aim of this chapter is to illustrate the place given to Averroes and to Islamic thought in the historiography of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, when historia philosophica established itself as a literary genre in its own right. The inquiry starts with Georg Horn\u2019s Historia philosophica (1655), in which \u2018Arabic philosophy\u2019 is said to begin with the Biblical figure of Job and where the presentation of Averroes is particularly brief compared with the lengthy biographical treatment meted out to Avicenna. In effect, it is only with Johann Heinrich Hottinger\u2019s publication (1664) of the De scriptoribus Arabicis by Johannes Leo Africanus (\u1e24asan ibn Mu\u1e25ammad al-Wazz\u0101n) that European intellectuals became aware of some of the details of Averroes\u2019s life. Our inquiry moves on to look at such writers as Johannes Gerhard Vossius, Daniel Georg Morhof, Ren\u00e9 Rapin, Pierre de Villemandy, Laurent Bordelon, Dupont-Bertris, and Georg Volckmar Hartmann, and ends with a critical examination of Andr\u00e9-Fran\u00e7ois Boureau-Deslandes Histoire critique de la philosophie (1737). Boureau-Deslandes does not limit himself to quoting information and anecdotes, but in line with his \u2018critical\u2019 approach, also expresses some judgements on the historical, religious, and cultural context of science in Islam. The attitude of these writers towards \u2018Arabic\u2019 thought is ambivalent: their recognition of the cultural and philosophical splendour of the caliphate of Baghdad is in practice frequently accompanied by a criticism of the Arabic philosophers\u2019 excessive subtlety. In the case of Averroes their negative judgement also springs from the fact that he had no knowledge of Greek, which prevented him from reaching an adequate understanding of Aristotelian doctrine. We must note however \u2013 in the work of Dupont Bertris (1726), for example \u2013 attempts to bring Averroes to the fore as a rationalist philosopher, indifferent to all positive religion, all the while defending him from accusation of impiety. These are the first signs of a historiographical trend which\u2013 thanks above all to Renan\u2019s famous th\u00e8se \u2013 was later to lead to a philosophical reappraisal of Averroes, no longer viewed merely as the \u2018commentator\u2019 of Aristotle.","btype":2,"date":"2013","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5240-5_12","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":684,"full_name":"Gregorio Piaia","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1751,"section_of":241,"pages":"237\u2013254","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":241,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2013","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2013","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":241,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Springer","series":"International Archives of the History of Ideas","volume":"211","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2013]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1743","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1743,"authors_free":[{"id":2010,"entry_id":1743,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1480,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Craig Martin","free_first_name":"Craig","free_last_name":"Martin","norm_person":{"id":1480,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"Martin","full_name":"Craig Martin","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/143043714","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/106785793","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Craig Martin"}}],"entry_title":"Humanism and the Assessment of Averroes in the Renaissance","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Humanism and the Assessment of Averroes in the Renaissance"},"abstract":"Despite Renaissance humanists\u2019 polemics against Averroes, interest in his writings grew during the sixteenth century. This interest was related to humanism. As Aristotelians became increasingly aware of the Greek commentators on Aristotle, many saw Averroes as an heir to the ancient tradition. Thus they believed that by reading his works they could gain access to a purer form of Aristotelianism. As a result, a number of scholars wrote commentaries on Averroes\u2019s natural philosophical works, and the Commentator became a subject for both philosophical and philological commentary.","btype":2,"date":"2013","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5240-5_4","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":1,"category_name":"Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Averroism"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":1480,"full_name":"Craig Martin","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1743,"section_of":241,"pages":"65\u201380","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":241,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2013","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2013","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":241,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Springer","series":"International Archives of the History of Ideas","volume":"211","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2013]}