{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5381","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5381,"authors_free":[{"id":6233,"entry_id":5381,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1754,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Isra Yazicioglu","free_first_name":"Isra","free_last_name":"Yazicioglu","norm_person":{"id":1754,"first_name":"Isra","last_name":"Yazicioglu","full_name":"Isra Yazicioglu","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1050937392","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Isra Yazicioglu"}}],"entry_title":"Redefining the Miraculous: al-Ghaz\u00e2l\u00ee, Ibn Rushd and Said Nursi on Qur\u2019anic Miracle Stories","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\ufef7\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a","main_title":{"title":"Redefining the Miraculous: al-Ghaz\u00e2l\u00ee, Ibn Rushd and Said Nursi on Qur\u2019anic Miracle Stories"},"abstract":"Miracle stories in sacred texts have been a source of both fascination and heated debate across religious traditions. Qur'anic miracle stories are especially interesting because they are part of a discourse that also de-emphasises the miraculous. By looking at how three scholars have engaged with Qur'anic miracle stories, I here investigate how these narratives have been interpreted in diverse and fruitful ways. The first part of the article analyses how two medieval scholars, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b (d. 505\/1 111) and Ibn Rushd (d. 595\/1198), engaged with the implications of miracle stories. Taking his cue from miracle stories, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b offered a sophisticated critique of natural determinism and suggested that the natural order should be perceived as a constantly renewed divine gift. In contrast, Ibn Rushd dismissed al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b's critique as sophistry and maintained that accepting the possibility that the natural order might be suspended was an affront to human knowledge and science. In the second part, I turn to Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1870-1960), whose interpretation offers a crystallisation of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b's insights as well as, surprisingly, an indirect confirmation of Ibn Rushd's concerns about human knowledge and science. Nursi redefines the miraculous in light of miracle stories, and interprets them as reminders of 'everyday miracles' and as encouragements to improve science and technology in God's name.\r\n\r\n\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\ufe70 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627\ufe70 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\ufef7\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \ufea7\ufe8e\ufebb\ufe94 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0640 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\ufe70 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \ufe9b\ufefc\ufe9b\ufe94 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\ufe70. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\ufef7\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a 1111\/505 \ufeeb) \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f (\u062a 1198\/59 \ufeeb) \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0627\ufe70 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0627\ufe70 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \ufe87\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\ufef9\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a (1870 - 1960) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\ufef9\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \" \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \" \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647 .","btype":3,"date":"2011","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":38,"category_name":"Natural Philosophy","link":"bib?categories[]=Natural Philosophy"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"}],"authors":[{"id":1754,"full_name":"Isra Yazicioglu","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5381,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Journal of Qur\u2019anic Studies","volume":"13","issue":"2","pages":"86\u2013108"}},"sort":["Redefining the Miraculous: al-Ghaz\u00e2l\u00ee, Ibn Rushd and Said Nursi on Qur\u2019anic Miracle Stories"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5378","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5378,"authors_free":[{"id":6230,"entry_id":5378,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Fehrullah Terkan","free_first_name":"Fehrullah","free_last_name":"Terkan","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Revisiting the Conflict between Religion and Philosophy in Islam: al- Ghaz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019s Diagnosis of Onto-Theology","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Revisiting the Conflict between Religion and Philosophy in Islam: al- Ghaz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019s Diagnosis of Onto-Theology"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2008","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":65,"category_name":"Ontology","link":"bib?categories[]=Ontology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5378,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Journal of Islamic Research","volume":"1","issue":"2","pages":"5\u201322"}},"sort":["Revisiting the Conflict between Religion and Philosophy in Islam: al- Ghaz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019s Diagnosis of Onto-Theology"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5682","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5682,"authors_free":[{"id":6586,"entry_id":5682,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"William H. D. Neill","free_first_name":"William H. D. ","free_last_name":"Neill","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Some Attacks on Causality prior to Hume","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Some Attacks on Causality prior to Hume"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1966","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41963479","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5682,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Vivarium","volume":"4","issue":"","pages":"58-65"}},"sort":["Some Attacks on Causality prior to Hume"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5372","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5372,"authors_free":[{"id":6224,"entry_id":5372,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Mesut Okumus","free_first_name":"Mesut","free_last_name":"Okumus","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"The Influence of al-Ghazzali on the Hermeneutics of Ibn Rushd","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Influence of al-Ghazzali on the Hermeneutics of Ibn Rushd"},"abstract":"This article is intended to illustrate that the hermeneutics of al-Ghazzali influenced Ibn Rushd in a certain degree. One can come across a number of contexts in the works of Ibn Rushd such as Tahafut al-tahafut, Fasl al-maqal and al-Kashf,in which he criticizes al-Ghazzali in relation to the interpretation of religious texts. However, one can notice that Ibn Rushd is deeply influenced by the views of al-Ghazzali on the matter of hermeneutics, especially concerning the definition of interpretation, the categorization of the ambiguous wordings in the religious texts as well as the classification of the groups of people authorized to fulfill the task of interpretation. In fact, Ibn Rushd\u2019s threefold graduation of people as the masses, thetheologians, and the demonstrative people was masterminded and introduced by al-Ghazzali. In addition, it is from al-Ghazzali and from his interpretation of the125th verse of Surat al-Nahl that Ibn Rushd borrowed the suggestion that as regards the interpretation of religious texts, each of these three groups should adopt one of the three methods described as rhetorical, dialectical, and demonstrative. Another important context where Ibn Rushd is clearly under the influence of al-Ghazzali is the issue how the lawful method of interpretation is to be applied to the religious texts. Regarding this issue, he took up al-Ghazzali\u2019s fivefold categorization of\u201cbeing\u201d as essential existence, sensual existence, imaginative existence, mental existence and analogical existence, suggesting to interpret the religious texts on the basis of this categorization.","btype":3,"date":"2011","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ISLAM.2011.023","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5372,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Der Islam","volume":"86","issue":"2","pages":"286\u2013311"}},"sort":["The Influence of al-Ghazzali on the Hermeneutics of Ibn Rushd"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5493","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5493,"authors_free":[{"id":6368,"entry_id":5493,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1551,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Nicholas Rescher","free_first_name":"Nicholas","free_last_name":"Rescher","norm_person":{"id":1551,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Rescher","full_name":"Nicholas Rescher","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118599836","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/108297377","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Nicholas Rescher"}}],"entry_title":"Three commentaries of Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Three commentaries of Averroes"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1959","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20123714","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":38,"category_name":"Natural Philosophy","link":"bib?categories[]=Natural Philosophy"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1551,"full_name":"Nicholas Rescher","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5493,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"The Review of Metaphysics","volume":"12","issue":"3","pages":"440-448"}},"sort":["Three commentaries of Averroes"]}