Author 470
Type of Media
Investigating the Influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the Issue of Interpretation of Religious Texts, 2022
By: Abuzar Rajabi, Morsal Azizi
Title Investigating the Influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the Issue of Interpretation of Religious Texts
Type Article
Language Arabic
Date 2022
Journal Comparative Theology
Volume 13
Issue 27
Pages 1-16
Categories al-Ġazālī, Influence, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Abuzar Rajabi , Morsal Azizi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Islamic thinkers do not think alike about understanding similar verses and the issue of the appearance and interiority of verses, and sometimes there are fundamental differences between them. Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd are in favor of using the method of interpretation in understanding similar verses and considering the way of escaping from the challenge and conflict of appearance and the inner self using the approach of interpretation. Ibn Rushd was famous for opposing Al-Ghazali and writing the book Tahaft Al-Tahaft in his critique of Tahaft al-Ghazali philosophers. Despite the criticisms, he is influenced by Al-Ghazali in some cases, and especially in the matter of interpretation. Al-Ghazali has two approaches encountering the problem of interpretation in two intellectual periods, in both of which he has been able to provide a new model by presenting a special approach in interpretation so that others can take a step in this direction and achieve a methodical understanding of religious texts. He has benefited a lot from this research model in understanding Ibn Rushd's text. According to the research findings, Ibn Rushd was influenced by Ghazali both in the nature of interpretation and in the reasoning and necessity of accepting it, as well as in the means of approaching interpretation. In the present descriptive-analytical study, the influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the issue of interpretation has been investigated.Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd are both advocates of using the method of interpretation in understanding the text. Although Ghazali is one of the Ash'arite theologians, in the matter of interpretation in both intellectual periods, he distances himself from thinkers such as Abul Hassan Ash'ari, Baqalani, and Jovini and accepts the methodical interpretation in understanding many verses of the Holy Qur'an. Methodology and adherence to a disciplined mechanism in interpretation are the characteristics of using this method by Al-Ghazali.Ibn Al-Rushd, like Al-Ghazali, does not see a conflict between the outward and inward meaning of the verses of the Holy Qur'an. Interpretation is a method that philosophers have the right to use in understanding the Holy Qur'an. Although this method raised serious objections to Al-Ghazali, it is influenced by Al-Ghazali’s interpretation. Ibn Al-Rushd mentions Al-Ghazali in many cases and considers Ghazali's method in this regard to be correct. He speaks about the nature of interpretation, the necessity of paying attention to it, its types and varieties, the division of the audience of revelation, and the permission and impermissibility of interpretation like Al-Ghazali.

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Keunggulan Metode Demonstratif Terhadap Metode Retorika Dan Dialektika: Menguak Metode Kritik Filsafat Ibn Rusyd, 2022
By: Raha Bistara
Title Keunggulan Metode Demonstratif Terhadap Metode Retorika Dan Dialektika: Menguak Metode Kritik Filsafat Ibn Rusyd
Type Article
Language Indonesian
Date 2022
Journal Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama
Volume 16
Issue 2
Pages 71-92
Categories Logic, Method, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Raha Bistara
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article shows how the demonstrative method (burhani) is more superior to rhetoric (khatabbi) and dialectic method (jaddali), the use of the demonstrative method is based on the utilization of the mind. Ibn Rusyd stated that the demonstrative method is considered the right method for seeking the answers above the questions on the subject of religion and philosophy. However, it is not amazed Ibn Rusyd used a demonstrative method to criticize the Mutakallimun Ash’ariyah and his followers especially Imam Al-Ghazali. Ibn Rusyd also criticized Ibn sina and Zahiriyah group with the method they used. There was confusion for the answer to who they presented regarding religious and philosophical problems. While there were many problems with their views especially in their books. This article used the library research method which uses literature either in the form of books, or notes from previous research reports. While the sources of this research there are two sources as primary source and secondary sources. This result of this research revealed that Ibn Rushd’s philosophy critical method from authentic sources related to the problem. Although, by the use of various sources used, it is hoped there will be a new finding related to demonstrative method initiated by Ibn Rushd in refuting the arguments of rhetorical and dialectical groups which are not deep, explicit, and simple. As well as providing the new formulas that are fresher and more varied concerning the answer about the problems of religion and philosophy.

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Warrior Women in Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on Plato’s Republic: Mythico-Barbarian Geography in the Case for Female Guardians, an Unsolved Passage, 2022
By: Tineke Melkebeek
Title Warrior Women in Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on Plato’s Republic: Mythico-Barbarian Geography in the Case for Female Guardians, an Unsolved Passage
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal Al Masaq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean
Volume 34
Issue 3
Pages 314-335
Categories Commentary, Plato, Politics
Author(s) Tineke Melkebeek
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In his commentary on Plato’s Republic, Ibn Rushd (Averroes) discusses the case for female guardians. Besides following Socrates’s argument for female warriors, which cites the efficiency of female guard dogs, Ibn Rushd introduces an additional argument: that the female capacity for warfare is evident from the inhabitants of certain regions. Unfortunately, the precise formulation of the regions or groups he intends to mention is obscure in the existing manuscripts. Rosenthal translates “the inhabitants of deserts and frontier villages”, Lerner’s translation says “the inhabitants of deserts and the City of Women”. This article aims to analyse these and other translations of this enigmatic passage, which has not yet been the subject of study. Concerning the second region mentioned, it seems that Ibn Rushd could be indicating Northern Spain, but he might also have been alluding to the legendary places at the coldest margins of the then-known world.

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Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge, 2022
By: Kirk Lougheed, Joshua Lee Harris
Title Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal Philosophy East and West
Volume 72
Issue 4
Pages 960-972
Categories Epistemology, Theology
Author(s) Kirk Lougheed , Joshua Lee Harris
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The distinction between knowledge by demonstration and knowledge by imagination in Averroes offers a helpful explanation as to why epistemic paternalism is permitted in at least some religious cases. In certain religious settings the stakes may be so high that partial knowledge by imagination is indeed better than confusion resulting from a demonstration. While it is true this defense is not purely epistemic, many are in good company as it turns out that almost no cases of epistemic paternalism are purely epistemic. Finally, an upshot of their view is that it nicely explains why their defense of epistemic paternalism might apply to other domains of great importance but not to trivial matters. Much more remains to be said about the permissibility of epistemic paternalism more generally, and about its permissibility in religious cases in particular.

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Does Each of Us Think Our Own Universal? An Averroean Challenge for (Aquinas and) Hervaeus Natalis, 2022
By: Hamid Taieb
Title Does Each of Us Think Our Own Universal? An Averroean Challenge for (Aquinas and) Hervaeus Natalis
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal History of Philosophy Quarterly
Volume 39
Issue 4
Pages 339-354
Categories Metaphysics, Psychology
Author(s) Hamid Taieb
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This paper aims to address a problem faced by any philosopher who treats universals as intentional objects: in defending this thesis, aren't they committed to the view that each of us thinks an individuated universal, since each of us, when thinking of a universal, must have our own intentional object? This problem, which is mentioned by Brentano at the turn of the twentieth century, originated in the Middle Ages in debates initiated by Averroes about the nature of the intellect. It shows up in the later Aquinas, due to his theory of the verbum, which might be interpreted as a sort of intentional object, but it is solved without too much difficulty. It is later found in Hervaeus Natalis, who does accept intentional objects; in contrast to Aquinas, it is not clear that Hervaeus has a good solution to the problem. After first presenting the problem, this paper then turns to its medieval origins by analyzing its occurrence in Aquinas's criticism of Averroes. It then explains why Hervaeus has more difficulties than Aquinas in solving the problem. It concludes with a systematic reflection on the various possible solutions to the problem.

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Lecteurs arabes et latins de Thémistius au Moyen Âge: l’intellect et ses objets, 2022
By: Elisa Coda
Title Lecteurs arabes et latins de Thémistius au Moyen Âge: l’intellect et ses objets
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2022
Journal Revue des Sciences Philosophiques et Théologiques
Volume 106
Issue 1
Pages 3-36
Categories Tradition and Reception, Themistius, Aquinas, Aristotle, De anima, Intellect
Author(s) Elisa Coda
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article examines one of the fundamental theses of Themistius in his paraphrase of Aristotle’s De anima, namely, the relationship between the intellect and its objects, as it appears in the reception of two readers of Themistius in the Middle Ages: Averroes and Thomas Aquinas. The comparison between these two philosophers suggests that the (neo)Platonic heritage present in the Themistian interpretation of the relation between the intellect and its objects was influential to a certain extent, but it produced in the two philosophers different considerations. A third reader, anonymous, is mentioned: a small treatise known as the Anonymous of Basel, written between 1308 and 1323, provides interesting testimony to the respective influence of the Themistian readings of Averroes and Thomas.

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Natural Law and the Law of Moses in Jewish Averroistic Philosophy, 2022
By: Shalom Sadik
Title Natural Law and the Law of Moses in Jewish Averroistic Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal The Journal of religion
Volume 102
Issue 3
Pages 354-375
Categories Jewish Averroism, Tradition and Reception, Natural Philosophy
Author(s) Shalom Sadik
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In order to understand the relationship between philosophy and religion, one of the major questions that must be explored is the relation between natural law and prophetic law. One of the main problems with modern research on this topic in the field of Jewish studies is that debate is relegated to the interpretation of only a few thinkers whose ideas are presumed to represent Judaism. The aim of this article is to begin remedying this issue by analyzing the relation between the Law of Moses and natural law as presented by four Jewish Averroists: Rabbis Isaac Albalag, Isaac Pulgar, Josef Ibn Kaspi, and Levi ben Abraham.

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Averroes and the Legacy of Dialogue, 2022
By: Catarina Belo
Title Averroes and the Legacy of Dialogue
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal Culture and dialogue
Volume 10
Issue 2
Pages 195-201
Categories Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Catarina Belo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Revisiting Averroes' Influence On Western Philosophy, 2022
By: Anthony Raphael Etuk
Title Revisiting Averroes' Influence On Western Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research
Volume 19
Issue 1
Pages 174-194
Categories Averroism, Latin Averroism, Tradition and Reception, Aristotle
Author(s) Anthony Raphael Etuk
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Better known as Averroes, Ibn Rushd remains one of the greatest Islamic philosophical geniuses of all times. The unparalleled inventiveness of his mind and the ―audacity‖ of his methods are evident in many of his innovative philosophical activities, which tremendous stirred the minds of his contemporaries in the Middle Ages. Perhaps only a few would deny the far-reaching impacts of his profound philosophical activities and ideas on Western philosophy. Prominent among these are his unique status as a paramount guide to Aristotle, based on his influential and massive commentaries on Aristotle, and his strong arguments for the compatibility of philosophy with religion. These and more, have since established the depth of his ideas and his lasting relevance in Western philosophy history. This paper undertakes an exposition of his philosophical activities, to identify the impacts of his enduring legacies on Western philosophy. The expository and hermeneutical methods of analysis are adopted.

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Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians, 2022
By: Aminullah Elhady
Title Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies
Volume 78
Issue 4
Pages 1-6
Categories Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Aminullah Elhady
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This paper discusses the dialectical thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians on divine metaphysics. The discussion is based on the study of criticisms and dialogues on the theologians’ view on metaphysics. Three important points emerge: firstly, how Ibn Rushd presented the basis of his critical arguments; secondly, the process of Ibn Rushd’s methods of criticism on the theologians’ metaphysical reasons and lastly, the content of Ibn Rushd’s criticisms of the theologians’ metaphysical reason. This paper provides a detailed description of the themes as accurate and comprehensive ways to provide a basis of Ibn Rushd’s criticism. Contribution: This study contributes to encouraging and changing the views of scholars of Islamic theology that Ibn Rushd, apart from being a philosopher, is also a critical thinker in the field of Islamic theology.

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A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century, 2015
By: Ali Ghorbani, Fath ali Akbari
Title A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century
Type Article
Language Persian
Date 2015
Journal Comparative Theology
Volume 5
Issue 12
Pages 69-84
Categories Epistemology, Averroism, Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Ali Ghorbani , Fath ali Akbari
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Faṣl al-maqāl, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy.

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A Comparison Between Khumainī's Government of the Jurist and The Commentary on Plato's Republic of Ibn Rushd, 1996
By: Vanessa Martin
Title A Comparison Between Khumainī's Government of the Jurist and The Commentary on Plato's Republic of Ibn Rushd
Type Article
Language English
Date 1996
Journal Journal of Islamic Studies
Volume 7
Issue 1
Pages 16–31
Categories Politics
Author(s) Vanessa Martin
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A Further Word regarding Arabic Influences on Borges, 1969
By: Erika Spivakovsky
Title A Further Word regarding Arabic Influences on Borges
Type Article
Language English
Date 1969
Journal Hispania
Volume 52
Issue 3
Pages 417-419
Categories Influence
Author(s) Erika Spivakovsky
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A Hidden Source? Considerations on Averroes’ Recourse to Avicenna’s Madkhal of the Shifâ’ in the Middle Commentary on Porphyry’s Isagoge, 2018
By: Silvia Di Vincenzo
Title A Hidden Source? Considerations on Averroes’ Recourse to Avicenna’s Madkhal of the Shifâ’ in the Middle Commentary on Porphyry’s Isagoge
Type Article
Language English
Date 2018
Journal Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 29
Pages 125–136
Categories Avicenna, Commentary
Author(s) Silvia Di Vincenzo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A Muslim Perspective on Philosophy and Religion: The ‘Decisive Treatise’ of Averroes, 2007
By: Thérèse Bonin
Title A Muslim Perspective on Philosophy and Religion: The ‘Decisive Treatise’ of Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2007
Journal Peripatetikos
Volume 6
Pages 1-25
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Law, Theology
Author(s) Thérèse Bonin
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A New Manuscript Source for Pomponazzi's Theory of the Soul from his Paduan Period, 1951
By: Paul Oskar Kristeller
Title A New Manuscript Source for Pomponazzi's Theory of the Soul from his Paduan Period
Type Article
Language English
Date 1951
Journal Revue Internationale de Philosophie
Volume 5
Issue 16 (2)
Pages 144-157
Categories Tradition and Reception, Averroism, Latin Averroism, Aristotle
Author(s) Paul Oskar Kristeller
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A Theory of Judgment in Averroes, 2021
By: Rayyan Dabbous
Title A Theory of Judgment in Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2021
Journal Arab Studies Quarterly
Volume 43
Issue No. 3 (Summer 2021)
Pages 268–281
Categories Linguistics, Politics, Rhetoric, Law, Psychology
Author(s) Rayyan Dabbous
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A critical edition of Averroes' De Caelo et Mundo, 1960
By: Averroes, Francis J. Carmody (Ed.)
Title A critical edition of Averroes' De Caelo et Mundo
Type Article
Language English
Date 1960
Journal The American Philosophy Society. Year Book
Pages 515-516
Categories Cosmology
Author(s) Averroes , Francis J. Carmody
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A essência da matéria prima em Averróis Latino (con una referência a Henrique de Gand), 1996
By: Mário A. Santiago de Carvalho
Title A essência da matéria prima em Averróis Latino (con una referência a Henrique de Gand)
Type Article
Language Portuguese
Date 1996
Journal Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia
Volume 52
Issue 1/4
Pages 197–221
Categories Metaphysics, Latin Averroism
Author(s) Mário A. Santiago de Carvalho
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A propos de fondamental et de l'essentiel dans le commentaire d'Averroès sur la Métaphysique d'Aristote, 1995
By: Laurence Bauloye
Title A propos de fondamental et de l'essentiel dans le commentaire d'Averroès sur la Métaphysique d'Aristote
Type Article
Language French
Date 1995
Journal Revue de philosophie ancienne
Volume 13
Pages 225–238
Categories Metaphysics, Aristotle
Author(s) Laurence Bauloye
Publisher(s)
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