{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5290","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5290,"authors_free":[{"id":6109,"entry_id":5290,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Shawn Welnak","free_first_name":"Shawn","free_last_name":"Welnak","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"The Discoverer of Being: Law or Philosophy?","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Discoverer of Being: Law or Philosophy?"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2014","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":65,"category_name":"Ontology","link":"bib?categories[]=Ontology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5290,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Revue acad\u00e9mique Les Cahiers de l\u2019Islam","volume":"1","issue":"","pages":"65\u201388"}},"sort":[2014]}
| Title | La pensée libre d'Averroès |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2013 |
| Journal | Analecta Husserliana |
| Volume | 114 |
| Pages | 371-382 |
| Categories | Law, Theology |
| Author(s) | Angèle Kremer Marietti |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| With “La pensée libre d’Averroès”, I wished to join the important themes of Philosophy and Religion as they are joined in Averroès’ thought, against the most conservative elements within Muslim societies, which disliked what appeared to be non-Muslim influences. Ibn Rushd (Averroès) wanted to encourage the study of philosophy, because he was sensitive to the increasing tensions that led to his banishment. Though written before his exile his DECISIVE TREATISE provides a defence for philosophers charged with unbelief. Therefore I took an interest in four approaches to Ibn Rusch’s free thought. The first one was the distinction and relation between revelation and philosophy. Ibn Rushd’s Decisive Treatise begins with the contention that Law commands the study of philosophy. Ibn Rushd based on some Quranic verses, such as “Reflect, you have a vision” (59.2) and “they give thought to the creation of heaven and earth” (3:191), that command human intellectual reflection upon God and his creation. Such obligation exists in religion, then a person who has the capacity of “natural intelligence” and “religious integrity” must begin to study philosophy. Averroès thought that philosophy could enlighten revelation, when this last might be difficult to be understood for human minds. The second point I treat is Averroès’s thought that written Law (scripture, in e. Qur’an) and spoken law could be complementary each other. The Law speaks of three ways for humans to discover truth and interpret scripture: the demonstrative, the dialectical and the rhetorical. Therefore there are philosophers, theologians and the common masses. Ibn Rushd thought that demonstrative truth cannot conflict with scripture, because God gave various meanings and interpretations. Besides, the early Muslim community affirmed that scripture had both an apparent meaning and an inner meaning. Also, if it occurs that there is no consensus about a particular passage, its meaning is free for interpretation. My third point concerns the precise analysis of what is letter and what is spirit or “sense” -as the contemporary philosophers ans phenomenologues think now- on the real meaning of this letter: the sense or the way that the letter must be understood. Finally may be joined the way of right thinking, or what could be the special form of procedure with its results. In the fourth point, I refer to another treatise, on the doctrine of God known as the EXPOSITION OF THE METHODS OF PROOF CONCERNING THE BELIEFS OF THE COMMUNITY. Ibn Rushd then wanted to examine the religious doctrines that are held by the public and to determine if any of the many doctrines expounded by the different sects were the intention of the “lawgiver”. Meanwhile, he identified sects that have distorted the scriptures and developed innovative doctrines not compatible with Islam. Some arguments are examined: the first is the argument of Providence, in which one can observe that everything in the universe serves the purpose of humanity. The second is the argument of invention of plants and animals. Then he tried to explain the nature and attributes of God. |
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| Title | Averroès à propos de la définition de l'acte légal: le miracle comme levier d'adhésion à la Loi |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2012 |
| Journal | Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph |
| Volume | 64 |
| Pages | 239-259 |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Ziad Bou Akl |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Raison et foi ou raison et Loi. Le philosophe et la cité selon Averroès, d'après al-Fârâbî et Ibn Bajja (Avempace) |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | The Medieval Paradigm. Religious Thought and Philosophy |
| Pages | 381–416 |
| Categories | Law, Ibn Bāǧǧa, al-Fārābī |
| Author(s) | Marc Geoffroy |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | L’universalità della Šarī‘a e le leggi particolari (nómoi) nel pensiero politico di Averroè |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | Société Internationale pour l’Étude de la Philosophie Médiévale (S.I.E.P.M). Universalità della Ragione. Pluralità delle Filosofie nel Medioevo = Universalité de la Raison. Pluralité des Philosophies au Moyen Âge = Universality of Reason. Plurality of Philosophies in the Middle Ages : 12. Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia Medievale : Palermo, 17-22 settembre 2007 |
| Pages | 49–54 |
| Categories | Law, Politics |
| Author(s) | Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Legal doctrine and practice under the Almohads |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | The Almohad Revolution. Politics and Religion in the Islamic West during the Twelfth-Thirteenth Centuries |
| Pages | Section VIII |
| Categories | Law, Politics |
| Author(s) | Maribel Fierro |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) | Jeremy Rogers |
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| Title | The Legal Policies of the Almohad Caliphs and Ibn Rushd's Bidâyat al-Mujtahid |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | The Almohad Revolution: Politics and Religion in the Islamic West during the Twelfth-Thirteenth Centuries |
| Pages | 226–248 |
| Republication of | The Legal Policies of the Almohad Caliphs and Ibn Rushd's Bidâyat al-Mujtahid |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Maribel Fierro |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | L'usage des enseignements de la philosophie dans le premier ouvrage juridique d'Ibn Rušd. L'Abrégé du Mustaṣfā d'al-Ġazālī |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2011 |
| Published in | La lumière de l'intellect. La pensée scientifique et philosophique d'Averroès dans son temps. Actes du IVe colloque international de la SIHSPAI (Société internationale d'histoire des sciences et de la philosophie arabes et islamiques). Cordoue, 9–12 décembre 1998 |
| Pages | 471–480 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Law |
| Author(s) | Abdelali Elamrani-Jamal |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Ibn Rushd et le ẓāhirisme pratique |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2011 |
| Published in | La lumière de l'intellect. La pensée scientifique et philosophique d'Averroès dans son temps. Actes du IVe colloque international de la SIHSPAI (Société internationale d'histoire des sciences et de la philosophie arabes et islamiques). Cordoue, 9–12 décembre 1998 |
| Pages | 457–470 |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Mokdad Arfa Mensia |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes como muftí |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2011 |
| Published in | La lumière de l'intellect. La pensée scientifique et philosophique d'Averroès dans son temps. Actes du IVe colloque international de la SIHSPAI (Société internationale d'histoire des sciences et de la philosophie arabes et islamiques). Cordoue, 9–12 décembre 1998 |
| Pages | 445–455 |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Juan Martos Quesada |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | La Bidāya ou contribution de la pensée d'Ibn Rushd à l'évolution de la logique juridique et du droit comparé |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2001 |
| Published in | Actualité d'Averroès. Colloque du huitième centenaire. Carthage, 16–21 février 1998 |
| Pages | 169–173 |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Othman Ben Fadhl |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | La pensée libre d'Averroès |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2013 |
| Journal | Analecta Husserliana |
| Volume | 114 |
| Pages | 371-382 |
| Categories | Law, Theology |
| Author(s) | Angèle Kremer Marietti |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| With “La pensée libre d’Averroès”, I wished to join the important themes of Philosophy and Religion as they are joined in Averroès’ thought, against the most conservative elements within Muslim societies, which disliked what appeared to be non-Muslim influences. Ibn Rushd (Averroès) wanted to encourage the study of philosophy, because he was sensitive to the increasing tensions that led to his banishment. Though written before his exile his DECISIVE TREATISE provides a defence for philosophers charged with unbelief. Therefore I took an interest in four approaches to Ibn Rusch’s free thought. The first one was the distinction and relation between revelation and philosophy. Ibn Rushd’s Decisive Treatise begins with the contention that Law commands the study of philosophy. Ibn Rushd based on some Quranic verses, such as “Reflect, you have a vision” (59.2) and “they give thought to the creation of heaven and earth” (3:191), that command human intellectual reflection upon God and his creation. Such obligation exists in religion, then a person who has the capacity of “natural intelligence” and “religious integrity” must begin to study philosophy. Averroès thought that philosophy could enlighten revelation, when this last might be difficult to be understood for human minds. The second point I treat is Averroès’s thought that written Law (scripture, in e. Qur’an) and spoken law could be complementary each other. The Law speaks of three ways for humans to discover truth and interpret scripture: the demonstrative, the dialectical and the rhetorical. Therefore there are philosophers, theologians and the common masses. Ibn Rushd thought that demonstrative truth cannot conflict with scripture, because God gave various meanings and interpretations. Besides, the early Muslim community affirmed that scripture had both an apparent meaning and an inner meaning. Also, if it occurs that there is no consensus about a particular passage, its meaning is free for interpretation. My third point concerns the precise analysis of what is letter and what is spirit or “sense” -as the contemporary philosophers ans phenomenologues think now- on the real meaning of this letter: the sense or the way that the letter must be understood. Finally may be joined the way of right thinking, or what could be the special form of procedure with its results. In the fourth point, I refer to another treatise, on the doctrine of God known as the EXPOSITION OF THE METHODS OF PROOF CONCERNING THE BELIEFS OF THE COMMUNITY. Ibn Rushd then wanted to examine the religious doctrines that are held by the public and to determine if any of the many doctrines expounded by the different sects were the intention of the “lawgiver”. Meanwhile, he identified sects that have distorted the scriptures and developed innovative doctrines not compatible with Islam. Some arguments are examined: the first is the argument of Providence, in which one can observe that everything in the universe serves the purpose of humanity. The second is the argument of invention of plants and animals. Then he tried to explain the nature and attributes of God. |
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| Title | La philosophie comme pratique: erreur et droit à l’erreur dans la pensée d’Averroès |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Les Études Philosophiques |
| Volume | 117 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 269–282 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Law |
| Author(s) | Ziad Bou Akl |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Responding to the accusations of the Ašʿarite theologian al-Ġazālī, in his Decisive Treatise Averroes champions the practice of philosophy, using legal and scriptural arguments. In this article, I wish to place these arguments within the context of legal theory, a discipline to which Averroes devoted one of his earliest treatises, the Abridgment of al-Mustaṣfā . A comparison of these two texts allows us to identify the origin of some arguments of the Decisive Treatise, concerning the taxonomy of errors and the social organization of knowledge. My aim is to set Averroes’ reflection within a continuity of the Islamic meta-legal tradition that provided him with the necessary tools for his conceptualization of the philosopher’s place within society. |
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| Title | La place d'Averroès juriste dans l'histoire du Malikisme et de l'Espagne musulmane |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 1978 |
| Published in | Multiple Averroès. Actes du Colloque International organisé à l'occasion du 850 anniversaire de la naissance d'averroès, Paris 20–23 septembre 1976 |
| Pages | 33–41 |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Abdel Magid Turki |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Le Livre du discours décisif |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 1996 |
| Publication Place | Paris |
| Publisher | Flammarion |
| Categories | Theology, Law, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | Averroes , |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) | Marc Geoffroy |
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| Title | Le cercle continu d'Ibn Rushd. De la jurisprudence de l'élite à la logique des Lumières |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2001 |
| Published in | Actualité d'Averroès. Colloque du huitième centenaire. Carthage, 16–21 février 1998 |
| Pages | 233–237 |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Ahmad Dahbour |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Legal doctrine and practice under the Almohads |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | The Almohad Revolution. Politics and Religion in the Islamic West during the Twelfth-Thirteenth Centuries |
| Pages | Section VIII |
| Categories | Law, Politics |
| Author(s) | Maribel Fierro |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) | Jeremy Rogers |
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| Title | Les cadis en Occident musulman medieval entre l’exercice de la judicature et la diversité des fonctions. Actes du deuxième colloque international, les 28-29 octobre 2015 |
| Type | Edited Book |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2017 |
| Publication Place | Tunis |
| Publisher | Université Ez-zitouna |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Najmeddine Hantati |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Les lois religieuses (al-sharāʾiʿ) dans l'économie du savoir selon Ibn Rušd |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2008 |
| Journal | Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph |
| Volume | 61 |
| Pages | 581–587 |
| Categories | Law |
| Author(s) | Abdelali Elamrani-Jamal |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | L’Abrégé de la Quintessence de la théorie légale |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2011 |
| Publication Place | Paris |
| Publisher | albustane |
| Categories | Law, al-Ġazālī, Transmission |
| Author(s) | Averroes , |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) | Aida Farhat |
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