Author 153
Category
Mélange, minima naturalia et croissance animale dans le Commentaire moyen d’Averroès au De generatione et corruptione, I, 5, 2012
By: Cristina Cerami
Title Mélange, minima naturalia et croissance animale dans le Commentaire moyen d’Averroès au De generatione et corruptione, I, 5
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 2012
Published in La nature et le vide dans la physique médiévale: études dédiées à Edward Grant
Pages 137–164
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Natural Philosophy
Author(s) Cristina Cerami
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Long Commentary on Aristotle’s De anima, 2012
By: Averroes, Y. Eshots (Ed.),
Title Long Commentary on Aristotle’s De anima
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2012
Journal Ishraq. Islamic Philosophy Yearbook
Volume 3
Pages 380–407
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, De anima
Author(s) Averroes , Y. Eshots ,
Publisher(s)
Translator(s) N. V. Efremova

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Translating Catharsis: Aristotle and Averroës, the Scholastics and the Basochiens, 2012
By: Noah D. Guynn
Title Translating Catharsis: Aristotle and Averroës, the Scholastics and the Basochiens
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2012
Published in Rethinking Medieval Translation: Ethics, Politics, Theory
Pages 84–106
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Transmission, Poetics
Author(s) Noah D. Guynn
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This essay investigates translation, aesthetics and performance in the long Middle Ages, with particular emphasis on the transmission of Aristotle and the politics of festive drama: plays staged in public spaces for heterogeneous audiences during religious holidays. My main interest is κάθαρσις (katharsis), an abstruse term from the Poetics and Politics that gets translated and deployed in diverse, often incompatible ways by premodern and modern scholars and that has been used, both implicitly and explicitly, to account for the dynamics of performance and ritual in medieval festive settings. Though the Politics was widely available in Latin translation from 1260 on, its references to catharsis pertain mostly to musical aesthetics, and medieval intellectuals do not seem to have drawn from it a theory of theatrical reception. As for the Poetics, it was known almost exclusively through Averroës's Middle Commentary (1175), which Hermannus Alemannus translated into Latin in 1256. Having no understanding of Greek tragedy as theatre, Averroës, in keeping with previous Arabic readings of Aristotle, reorients the Poetics away from aesthetics towards logic. That tradition renders mimesis as the use of imaginative representations to move audiences unable to grasp more conclusive forms of reasoning to embrace the good.

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My main interest is \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (katharsis), an abstruse term from the Poetics and Politics that gets translated and deployed in diverse, often incompatible ways by premodern and modern scholars and that has been used, both implicitly and explicitly, to account for the dynamics of performance and ritual in medieval festive settings. Though the Politics was widely available in Latin translation from 1260 on, its references to catharsis pertain mostly to musical aesthetics, and medieval intellectuals do not seem to have drawn from it a theory of theatrical reception. As for the Poetics, it was known almost exclusively through Averro\u00ebs's Middle Commentary (1175), which Hermannus Alemannus translated into Latin in 1256. Having no understanding of Greek tragedy as theatre, Averro\u00ebs, in keeping with previous Arabic readings of Aristotle, reorients the Poetics away from aesthetics towards logic. That tradition renders mimesis as the use of imaginative representations to move audiences unable to grasp more conclusive forms of reasoning to embrace the good.","btype":2,"date":"2012","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":40,"category_name":"Transmission","link":"bib?categories[]=Transmission"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5369,"section_of":5368,"pages":"84\u2013106","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5368,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Rethinking Medieval Translation: Ethics, Politics, Theory","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2012","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"\u2018Engaging and informative to read, challenging in its assertions, and provocative in the best way, inviting the reader to sift, correlate and reflect on the broader applicability of points made in reference to a specific text or exchange.\u2019 Professor Carolyne P. Collette, Mount Holyoke College. Medieval notions of \u2018translatio\u2019 raise issues that have since been debated in contemporary translation studies concerning the translator's role as interpreter or author; the ability of translation to reinforce or unsettle linguistic or political dominance; and translation's capacity for establishing cultural contact, or participating in cultural appropriation or effacement. This collection puts these ethical and political issues centre stage, asking whether questions currently being posed by theorists of translation need rethinking or revising when brought into dialogue with medieval examples. Contributors explore translation - as a practice, a necessity, an impossibility and a multi-media form - through multiple perspectives on language, theory, dissemination and cultural transmission. Exploring texts, authors, languages and genres not often brought together in a single volume, individual essays focus on topics such as the politics of multilingualism, the role of translation in conflict situations, the translator's invisibility, hospitality, untranslatability and the limits of translation as a category. Emma Campbell is Associate Professor in French at the University of Warwick; Robert Mills is Lecturer in History of Art at University College London. Contributors: William Burgwinkle, Ardis Butterfield, Emma Campbell, Marilynn Desmond, Simon Gaunt, Jane Gilbert, Miranda Griffin, Noah D. Guynn, Catherine L\u00e9glu, Robert Mills, Zrinka Stahuljak, Luke Sunderland","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5368,"pubplace":"","publisher":"Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6219,"entry_id":5368,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Emma Campbell","free_first_name":"Emma","free_last_name":"Campbell","norm_person":null},{"id":6220,"entry_id":5368,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Robert Mills","free_first_name":"Robert","free_last_name":"Mills","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2012]}

Averróis: a arte de governar. Uma leitura aristotelizante da República, 2012
By: Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira
Title Averróis: a arte de governar. Uma leitura aristotelizante da República
Type Monograph
Language Portuguese
Date 2012
Publication Place São Paulo
Publisher Perspectiva
Categories Politics, Aristotle, Plato
Author(s) Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Questions of Methodology in Aristotle’s Zoology: A Medieval Perspective, 2012
By: Ahuva Gaziel
Title Questions of Methodology in Aristotle’s Zoology: A Medieval Perspective
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal Journal of the History of Biology
Volume 45
Issue 2
Pages 329–352
Categories Aristotle, Tradition and Reception, Commentary, Gersonides
Author(s) Ahuva Gaziel
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
During the Middle Ages Aristotle’s treatises were accessible to intellectuals via translations and commentaries. Among his works on natural philosophy, the zoological books received relatively little scholarly attention, though several medieval commentators carefully studied Aristotle’s investigations of the animal kingdom. Averroes completed in 1169 a commentary on an Arabic translation of Aristotle’s Parts of Animals and Generation of Animals. In 1323 Gersonides completed his supercommentary on a Hebrew translation of Averroes’ commentary. This article examines how these two medieval commentators interpret the first book of Aristotle’s Parts of Animals, at the center of which stand methodological questions regarding the study of animals. Aristotle’s discussion of classification is presented by Averroes and Gersonides in light of an epistemological debate concerning the requisite method for scientific inquiries and discoveries. Sense perception is contrasted with rational reasoning, and ultimately a combined method is proposed, sense perception maintaining supremacy. These commentators outline a clear link between the systematic arrangement of animal species as offered by Aristotle, and his subsequent logical demonstrations which, according to them, form the core of biological investigations.

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Vis Aestimativa and Vis Cogitativa in Thomas Aquinas’s Commentary on the Sentences, 2012
By: Jörg Alejandro Tellkamp
Title Vis Aestimativa and Vis Cogitativa in Thomas Aquinas’s Commentary on the Sentences
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal The Thomist
Volume 76
Issue 4
Pages 611–40
Categories Aquinas, Aristotle, Albert, Avicenna
Author(s) Jörg Alejandro Tellkamp
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Thirteenth Century Hebrew Psychological Discussion: The Role of Latin Sources in the Formation of Hebrew Aristotelianism, 2012
By: Yossef Schwartz
Title Thirteenth Century Hebrew Psychological Discussion: The Role of Latin Sources in the Formation of Hebrew Aristotelianism
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2012
Published in The Letter before the Spirit. The Importance of Text Editions for the Study of the Reception of Aristotle
Pages 173–194
Categories Aristotle, Psychology, Transmission
Author(s) Yossef Schwartz
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Textual and Philosophical Issues in Averroes’s Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle, 2012
By: Richard C. Taylor
Title Textual and Philosophical Issues in Averroes’s Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2012
Published in The Letter before the Spirit. The Importance of Text Editions for the Study of the Reception of Aristotle
Pages 267–287
Categories Aristotle, De anima, Commentary
Author(s) Richard C. Taylor
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Greek, Arabic and Latin Commentators on Per Se Accidents of Being qua Being and the Place of Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book Iota, 2011
By: Laura Maria Castelli
Title Greek, Arabic and Latin Commentators on Per Se Accidents of Being qua Being and the Place of Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book Iota
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal Documenti e Studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 22
Pages 153–208
Categories Commentary, Metaphysics, Aristotle
Author(s) Laura Maria Castelli
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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An Abstractionist Correction of Avicenna's Theory of Intentionality in the Early Averroes, 2011
By: Francisco Romero Carasquillo
Title An Abstractionist Correction of Avicenna's Theory of Intentionality in the Early Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal Acta Philosophica
Volume 20
Issue 2
Pages 405-420
Categories Aristotle, Avicenna
Author(s) Francisco Romero Carasquillo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This paper offers an account of Averroes’ early doctrine of the internal senses with special reference to the role that intentionality plays in internal sense cognition. The author points out that, whereas for Avicenna an “intention” is the object of a specific faculty, for Averroes it is the formal aspect at any level of internal-sense cognition. This interpretation is required by the need to find coherence among those passages in Averroes’ Epitome de Parva naturalia that ascribe the joining of images and intentions to both the cogitative and memorative faculties. Consequently, Averroes’ account is hopelessly incoherent unless one interprets him as departing from, and indeed revising, the Avicennian doctrine of intentionality along more a faithful Aristotelian-abstractionist framework.

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Ibn Rušd et les Premiers Analytiques d'Aristote. Aperçu sur un problème de syllogistique modale, 1995
By: Abdelali Elamrani-Jamal
Title Ibn Rušd et les Premiers Analytiques d'Aristote. Aperçu sur un problème de syllogistique modale
Type Article
Language French
Date 1995
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 5
Pages 51–74
Categories Logic, Alexander of Aphrodisias, al-Fārābī, Aristotle, Commentary
Author(s) Abdelali Elamrani-Jamal
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Ibn Rušd devoted a certain number of works to Aristotle's Prior Analytics. In a series of opuscules written over a period of twenty years and following upon his Middle Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics, he faced a problem particular to the modal syllogism - that of the mood of the conclusion in mixed syllogisms. The problem can be stated as follows: At the beginning of the Prior Analytics, Aristotle established a formal deductive principle - that of universal attribution (Pr. An. I.1.24b26–30). Applied to the modal syllogism, this principle is inadequate as stated. It is too general to be applied in a univocal manner in all modal syllogisms. To preserve a sense of coherence in Aristotle's declarations, the commentators had to interpret it. Presenting the interpretations of the commentators, primarily al-Fārābī and Alexander, on the basis of al-Fārābī's Large Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics, Averroes criticizes them. Applied according to Alexander's interpretation, the principle of universal attribution is valid only for modal syllogisms one of whose premises is necessary and the other assertoric; according to al-Fārābī's interpretation, it is verified only when the minor premise is possible. Averroes proposes two preliminary solutions. Either this formal deductive principle must be applied differently according to the modal differences of the minor premises in mixed syllogisms (first solution) or would be used in two ways, generally or in keeping with each mood (second solution). These solutions are not satisfactory, for they call into question the unity and universality of the principle of universal attribution as established by Aristotle. What is the utility, Averroes asks, of a principle which does not hold for all modalities or does not apply to all the premises when the Prior Analytics ought to furnish formal and universal principles of deduction? And why did Aristotle define the principle of universal attribution without distinguishing its application according to each of the three modal premises? Returning at the end of his career to a literal exegesis of Aristotle's propositions and without harkening back to the earlier solutions, he proposes a theory of making the terms modal (fourth solution) in order to save Aristotle's declarations with respect to the principle of universal attribution and the mood of the conclusion of mixed syllogisms (Prior Analytics I. 9.30al5–20). Though formally inadequate, this solution, which had a continued history, proposes a new way of looking at the classification of modal propositions.

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Ibn Rušd on the Structure of Aristotle's Metaphysics, 2010
By: Rüdiger Arnzen
Title Ibn Rušd on the Structure of Aristotle's Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2010
Journal Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 21
Pages 375–410
Categories Metaphysics, Aristotle, Alexander of Aphrodisias
Author(s) Rüdiger Arnzen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The structure of Aristotle's Metaphysics was a matter of dispute among ancient and Medieval Greek, Arabic, and Latin-writing commentators. The present article investigates the question in which way the Arab philosopher Averroes dealt with this problem in his so-called Epitome and his literal commentary on the Metaphysics. It tries to show that in the Epitome Averroes restructured the contents of the Metaphysics according to his own conception of this discipline, and that this conception was partly indebted to his own main sources, al-Fārābī and Ibn Sīnā, partly independent from these. Furthemore, the article examines whether and, if so, in which whay Averroes changed his mind about metaphysics as such and/or the structure of Aristotle's Metaphysics in his late literal commentary. It is argued that Averroes discarded there some of his earlier Avicennian positions in favour of a certain rapprochement to positions held by Alexander of Aphrodisias, but never gave up in general his overall conception of the Metaphysics as displayed in the Epitome.

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Il libro Epsilon della Metafisica di Aristotele nell’Epitome di Aevrroè (1126-1198), 2017
By: Carmela Baffioni
Title Il libro Epsilon della Metafisica di Aristotele nell’Epitome di Aevrroè (1126-1198)
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2017
Journal Bulletin de Philosophie Médiévale
Volume 59
Pages 33–56
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Theology, Commentary
Author(s) Carmela Baffioni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article deals with Averroes’s interpretation of Metaph. Ε 1, where Aristotle discusses the nature and object of metaphysics, as well as its place in the hierarchy of sciences. Among Averroes’s predecessors, al-Kindī seems to see a coincidence between metaphysics and theology, since God can be described as the “first cause of everything”. However, al-Fārābī and Avicenna discovered that “first philosophy” could be conceived as an ontology distinct from theology; moreover, they considered theology to be only a part of metaphysics, not even the most important one. In the Great Commentary on Metaphysics - where the Arabic translation of the work by the Jacobite monk Usṭāth is quoted, Averroes often just paraphrases the original passages. One may infer that theology in the strict sense is merely mentioned by way of example. In the Epitome of Metaphysics, the objects of metaphysics are “general” ones; metaphysics studies the “absolute being” and cannot be identified with theology as “pertaining to God”.

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Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes’s Novel Placement of the Platonic City, 2022
By: Alexander Orwin
Title Imposing Alfarabi on Plato: Averroes’s Novel Placement of the Platonic City
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2022
Published in Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary
Pages 19–39
Categories al-Fārābī, Galen, Aristotle, Plato, Politics, Commentary
Author(s) Alexander Orwin
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic” goes far beyond merely commenting on the original. With the benefit of 1,500 years of hindsight, it reckons with important works of philosophy that would have been completely unknown to Plato. Averroes mentions three authors of such works by name: Galen, whom he mostly rebukes, Aristotle, and Alfarabi. It would be hasty to assert that by including such extraneous material, Averroes departs from Plato, but, at the very least, he updates him on account of historical developments. The importance of Averroes's post-Platonic additions is evident from the very structure of the work. The part of it that can plausibly claim to be a commentary on Plato does not begin until 27.24, almost seven pages into Rosenthal's Hebrew text. Averroes begins to address the subject of war, corresponding to Republic 374b, having skipped all of book 1 and the majority of book 2, with only two brief references to them in the opening section (CR 22.27–30, 23.31–33, cf. 47.29–30and 105.25–27). Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25–27, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: “Before we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning” (CR 22.6–8). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22–24.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. Averroes appears to substitute scientific arguments from Aristotle and Alfarabi—mainly about science, philosophy, courage, and war—for Plato's dialectical introduction about justice and the founding of the just city.

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With the benefit of 1,500 years of hindsight, it reckons with important works of philosophy that would have been completely unknown to Plato. Averroes mentions three authors of such works by name: Galen, whom he mostly rebukes, Aristotle, and Alfarabi. It would be hasty to assert that by including such extraneous material, Averroes departs from Plato, but, at the very least, he updates him on account of historical developments.\r\n\r\nThe importance of Averroes's post-Platonic additions is evident from the very structure of the work. The part of it that can plausibly claim to be a commentary on Plato does not begin until 27.24, almost seven pages into Rosenthal's Hebrew text. Averroes begins to address the subject of war, corresponding to Republic 374b, having skipped all of book 1 and the majority of book 2, with only two brief references to them in the opening section (CR 22.27\u201330, 23.31\u201333, cf. 47.29\u201330and 105.25\u201327). Averroes does not justify his omission until the very end of the work, when he states that the opening part of the Republic does not contain any of the demonstrative arguments of which his commentary is comprised (CR 105.25\u201327, cf. 21.4). He is more immediately forthright about the reasons for what he includes in its place. In keeping with the demonstrative focus of the work, Averroes replaces Platonic dialectic with a substantial discussion of science. Having divided practical science into two parts, one about general habits and actions and another about their implementation, Averroes explains: \u201cBefore we begin a point-by-point explanation of what is in these arguments [of Plato], we ought to mention the things pertinent to this [second] part [of practical science] and explained in the first part, that serve as foundation for what we wish to say here at the beginning\u201d (CR 22.6\u20138). Averroes's introduction concerns above all the first part of political science, while the Republic proper contains only the second. Averroes attributes to Plato only a small part of the ensuing discussion, concerning justice, the division of labor, and the arrangement of the soul (CR 22.22\u201324.6, esp. 22.27, 23.31). The other passages are inspired by Aristotle and especially Alfarabi. Averroes appears to substitute scientific arguments from Aristotle and Alfarabi\u2014mainly about science, philosophy, courage, and war\u2014for Plato's dialectical introduction about justice and the founding of the just city.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.002","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":30,"category_name":"Galen","link":"bib?categories[]=Galen"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"}],"authors":[{"id":1790,"full_name":" Alexander Orwin","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5347,"section_of":5346,"pages":"19\u201339","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. 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In One Sense Easy, in Another Difficult: Reverberations of the Opening of Aristotle’s Metaphysics ά έλλάτον in Medieval and Renaissance Hebrew Literature, 2020
By: Yehuda Halper
Title In One Sense Easy, in Another Difficult: Reverberations of the Opening of Aristotle’s Metaphysics ά έλλάτον in Medieval and Renaissance Hebrew Literature
Type Article
Language English
Date 2020
Journal Revue des études juives
Volume 179
Issue 1–2
Pages 133–160
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Renaissance
Author(s) Yehuda Halper
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Individuelles Werden bei Aristoteles und Averroes, 1986
By: A. Weidinger
Title Individuelles Werden bei Aristoteles und Averroes
Type Monograph
Language undefined
Date 1986
Publication Place München
Categories Physics, Aristotle
Author(s) A. Weidinger
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Induction et certitude dans le Grand Commentaire d’Averroès aux Seconds Analytiques, 2013
By: Cristina Cerami
Title Induction et certitude dans le Grand Commentaire d’Averroès aux Seconds Analytiques
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 2013
Published in Raison et démonstration. Les commentaires médiévaux sur les Seconds Analytiques
Pages 47–69
Categories Aristotle, Logic, Commentary
Author(s) Cristina Cerami
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Infinite and privative judgments in Aristotle, Averroes, and Kant, 1947
By: Harry Austryn Wolfson
Title Infinite and privative judgments in Aristotle, Averroes, and Kant
Type Article
Language English
Date 1947
Journal Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
Volume 8
Issue 2
Pages 173-187
Categories Aristotle, Kant, Logic
Author(s) Harry Austryn Wolfson
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Is Celestial Motion a Natural Motion?, 2015
By: Silvia Donati
Title Is Celestial Motion a Natural Motion?
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2015
Published in Averroes’ Natural Philosophy and its Reception in the Latin West
Pages 89–126
Categories Aristotle, De caelo, Physics, Avicenna, Albert, Thomas, Commentary, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Silvia Donati
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Isaac Polqar – A Jewish Philosopher or a Philosopher and a Jew?, 2020
By: Racheli Haliva
Title Isaac Polqar – A Jewish Philosopher or a Philosopher and a Jew?
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 2020
Publication Place Berlin; Boston
Publisher De Gruyter
Series Jewish Thought, Philosophy and Religion
Volume 3
Categories Aristotle, Jewish Averroism, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Racheli Haliva
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
To date, scholars have skilfully discussed aspects of Polqar’s thought, and yet none of the existing studies offers a comprehensive examination that covers Polqar’s thought in its entirety. This book aims to fill this lacuna by tracing and contextualizing both Polqar’s Islamic sources (al-Fārābī, Avicenna, and Averroes) and his Jewish sources (Maimonides and Isaac Albalag). The study brings to light three of Polqar’s main purposes; (1) seeking to defend Judaism as a true religion against Christianity; (2) similarly to his fellow Jewish Averroists, Polqar wishes to defend the discipline of philosophy. By philosophy, Polqar means Averroes' interpretation of Aristotle. As a consequence, he offers an Averroistic interpretation of Judaism and becomes one of the main representatives of Jewish Averroism; (3) defending his philosophical interpretation of Judaism. From a social and political point of view, Polqar's unreserved embrace of philosophy raised problems within the Jewish community; he had to refute the Jewish traditionalists’ charge that he was a heretic, led astray by philosophy. The main objective guiding this study is that Polqar advances a systematic naturalistic interpretation of Judaism, which in many cases does not agree with traditional Jewish views. "Haliva’s lucid, learned, and incisive monograph on the thought of Isaac Polqar is the first comprehensive study devoted to this important, but neglected fourteenth century Jewish Averroist. It makes a significant contribution to our knowledge of post-Maimonidean medieval Jewish philosophy. Haliva convincingly shows that while Polqar claims to follow Maimonides, he consistently pushes his thought in a more radical direction, offering a severely naturalistic interpretation of Jewish religious principles and refusing to make any concessions to more traditional theological modes of thought. Her study leads us to ask whether it is possible to uphold such an uncompromising philosophical and naturalistic reading of Judaism as that of Polqar, that is, whether it does justice to the Jewish religious principles it purports to interpret and enables us to maintain the authority of traditional Halakhah."

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