| Title | ’Active Intellect’ in Avempace and Averroës: An Interpretative Issue |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Synthesis Philosophica |
| Volume | 62 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 345–358 |
| Categories | Ibn Bāǧǧa, De anima, Psychology |
| Author(s) | Daniel Bučan |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This essay is about the understanding of the notion of active intellect in Ibn Bāǧǧa (Avempace) and Ibn Rushd (Averroës). The traditional interpretation of both Avempace’s and Averroës’ concept of active intellect is that they both understand it as the lowest celestial intelligence which is dator formarum, and that man thinks and cognizes intelligibles only by “connecting” with it in a quasi-mystic way; cognition being the active intellect’s granting ideas (formae or concepts) to man’s intellect. The author believes that both in Avempace’s and Averroës’ theory of cognition the notion of active intellect is only the highest function of human intellect, not a celestial entity. Based on such a presumption, as well as on the analysis of his theory, Avempace’s notion of iṭṭiṣāl bi-’aql fa’āl is interpreted not as a kind of mystic “conjunction” or “union” with a separate celestial entity, but as reaching the highest level of man’s intellect function in the continuity of the process of thinking. The same goes for Averroës’ theory, which is quite clearly presented in his Epistle on the Possibility of Conjunction with the Active Intellect, where one can find practically direct confirmation for such an interpretation, because Averroës says that “conjunction with it seems to resemble more the conjunction of form in matter than it does the conjunction of agent with effect. The well-known difference between agent and effect is that the agent is external, but here there is no external agent”, or that active intellect “conjoins with us from the outset by conjunction of in-existence”. The author concludes that the issue of the active intellect in Islamic philosophy is not disambiguous – for different thinkers it was a different concept – only the function of the active intellect is always one and the same: producing ideas. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5140","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5140,"authors_free":[{"id":5919,"entry_id":5140,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":625,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Daniel Bu\u010dan","free_first_name":"Daniel ","free_last_name":"Bu\u010dan","norm_person":{"id":625,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Bu\u010dan","full_name":"Daniel Bu\u010dan","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/73420981","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Daniel Bu\u010dan"}}],"entry_title":"\u2019Active Intellect\u2019 in Avempace and Averro\u00ebs: An Interpretative Issue","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"\u2019Active Intellect\u2019 in Avempace and Averro\u00ebs: An Interpretative Issue"},"abstract":"This essay is about the understanding of the notion of active intellect in Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a (Avempace) and Ibn Rushd (Averro\u00ebs). The traditional interpretation of both Avempace\u2019s and Averro\u00ebs\u2019 concept of active intellect is that they both understand it as the lowest celestial intelligence which is dator formarum, and that man thinks and cognizes intelligibles only by \u201cconnecting\u201d with it in a quasi-mystic way; cognition being the active intellect\u2019s granting ideas (formae or concepts) to man\u2019s intellect. The author believes that both in Avempace\u2019s and Averro\u00ebs\u2019 theory of cognition the notion of active intellect is only the highest function of human intellect, not a celestial entity. Based on such a presumption, as well as on the analysis of his theory, Avempace\u2019s notion of i\u1e6d\u1e6di\u1e63\u0101l bi-\u2019aql fa\u2019\u0101l is interpreted not as a kind of mystic \u201cconjunction\u201d or \u201cunion\u201d with a separate celestial entity, but as reaching the highest level of man\u2019s intellect function in the continuity of the process of thinking. The same goes for Averro\u00ebs\u2019 theory, which is quite clearly presented in his Epistle on the Possibility of Conjunction with the Active Intellect, where one can find practically direct confirmation for such an interpretation, because Averro\u00ebs says that \u201cconjunction with it seems to resemble more the conjunction of form in matter than it does the conjunction of agent with effect. The well-known difference between agent and effect is that the agent is external, but here there is no external agent\u201d, or that active intellect \u201cconjoins with us from the outset by conjunction of in-existence\u201d. The author concludes that the issue of the active intellect in Islamic philosophy is not disambiguous \u2013 for different thinkers it was a different concept \u2013 only the function of the active intellect is always one and the same: producing ideas.","btype":3,"date":"2016","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21464\/sp31208","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":17,"category_name":"Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a","link":"bib?categories[]=Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"}],"authors":[{"id":625,"full_name":"Daniel Bu\u010dan","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5140,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Synthesis Philosophica","volume":"62","issue":"2","pages":"345\u2013358"}},"sort":[2016]}
| Title | L’éternité du mouvement chez Ibn Bâjja (Avempace) : de la définition générique à la défintion numérique. Le commentaire aux chapitres 1 et 2 du livre VIII de la Physique |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Les Études Philosophiques |
| Volume | 117 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 161–216 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Physics, al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Influence |
| Author(s) | Farah Cherif Zahar |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article examines Ibn Bāǧǧa’s (Avempace) interpretation of the first two chapters of the eighth book of Aristotle’s Physics and what he has in mind when he describes Aristotle’s proof as a demonstration of the eternity of motion “in genus.” His approach in the second appendix to book eight differs from the one he develops in the main commentary. In the former text, Ibn Bāǧǧa works on the distinction between essential and accidental successions, which leads him to realize that the accidental and thus possible successions— horizontal approach—are not sufficient to guarantee the eternity of movement and then to adopt a vertical approach that goes back to the numerical identity of the circular continuous motion. We show to what extent Ibn Bāǧǧa’s interpretation is indebted to Al-Fārābī’s lost treatise On Changing Beings and also aim to highlight the role of this reading in the evolution of Averroes’ interpretation. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5260","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5260,"authors_free":[{"id":6069,"entry_id":5260,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Farah Cherif Zahar","free_first_name":"Farah","free_last_name":"Cherif Zahar","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"L\u2019\u00e9ternit\u00e9 du mouvement chez Ibn B\u00e2jja (Avempace) : de la d\u00e9finition g\u00e9n\u00e9rique \u00e0 la d\u00e9fintion num\u00e9rique. Le commentaire aux chapitres 1 et 2 du livre VIII de la Physique","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"L\u2019\u00e9ternit\u00e9 du mouvement chez Ibn B\u00e2jja (Avempace) : de la d\u00e9finition g\u00e9n\u00e9rique \u00e0 la d\u00e9fintion num\u00e9rique. Le commentaire aux chapitres 1 et 2 du livre VIII de la Physique"},"abstract":"This article examines Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a\u2019s (Avempace) interpretation of the first two chapters of the eighth book of Aristotle\u2019s Physics and what he has in mind when he describes Aristotle\u2019s proof as a demonstration of the eternity of motion \u201cin genus.\u201d His approach in the second appendix to book eight differs from the one he develops in the main commentary. In the former text, Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a works on the distinction between essential and accidental successions, which leads him to realize that the accidental and thus possible successions\u2014 horizontal approach\u2014are not sufficient to guarantee the eternity of movement and then to adopt a vertical approach that goes back to the numerical identity of the circular continuous motion. We show to what extent Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a\u2019s interpretation is indebted to Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b\u2019s lost treatise On Changing Beings and also aim to highlight the role of this reading in the evolution of Averroes\u2019 interpretation. ","btype":3,"date":"2016","language":"French","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":37,"category_name":"Physics","link":"bib?categories[]=Physics"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":17,"category_name":"Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a","link":"bib?categories[]=Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5260,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Les \u00c9tudes Philosophiques","volume":"117","issue":"2","pages":"161\u2013216"}},"sort":[2016]}
| Title | Albert the Great between Avempace and Averroes on the Knowledge of Separate Forms |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association |
| Volume | 86 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 89–102 |
| Categories | Ibn Bāǧǧa, Aquinas, Albert |
| Author(s) | Luis Xavier López-Farjeat |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In Albert’s De anima III, 3, chapters 6–11 there is a discussion on whether the human intellect is able to apprehend only forms abstracted from matter or whether it is possible for it to know something separated from magnitude. If the human intellect is able to understand separate forms, this would mean that some forms are not apprehended with phantasms and magnitude but by the conjunction of the possible intellect and the separate intellect. This matter is quite problematic since it is not clear enough whether separate forms are known through the perfect conjunction of the possible intellect and the agent intellect or by means of the agent intellect which acts both as efficient and formal cause of these forms. Here, I focus on chapter 8 where Albert criticizes Avempace’s doctrine of the intellect, and chapter 11 where he states a resolution to the problem, which is very close to that of Averroes. This exploration illustrates the complexity of the relationship between the philosophies of Albert and Averroes. |
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| Title | Arabic/Islamic Philosophy in Thomas Aquinas’s Conception of the Beatific Vision in IV Sent., D. 49, Q. 2, A.1 |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Journal | The Thomist |
| Volume | 76 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 509–550 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Avicenna, Alexander of Aphrodisias |
| Author(s) | Richard C. Taylor |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Les stades de la philosophie naturelle d'Averroès |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 1997 |
| Journal | Arabic Sciences and Philosophy |
| Volume | 7 |
| Pages | 115–137 |
| Categories | Biography, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Themistius, Ibn Bāǧǧa |
| Author(s) | Josep Puig Montada |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The stages in the development of Averroes' philosophy can be better defined by the revisions Averroes himself made of his works than by the traditional order of his commentaries (short, middle, long); such revisions often take the form of glosses. In his initial stages Averroes' opinions are influenced by the interpretations of Alexander of Aphrodisias and Themistius as well as Avempace. In his final stages, he departs from them and moves closer to Aristotle's original thought. Averroes' reading of the beginning of Physics, Book VIII is an exception: there he agrees with Aristotle in the first stage and moves away from him in the final stage, because he came to believe that Aristotle's purpose in this part of the book was to prove the eternity of heavenly movement. The explanation for the different reading of the introduction to the short commentary can be found in the persecution Averroes and other philosophers suffered in 1197, after which Averroes no longer declared philosophy to be the way to attain human perfection, and he only wanted to illuminate Aristotle's philosophy. |
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| Title | Ensayo sobre el pensamiento de Avempace y su repercusión en Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 1996 |
| Journal | Anaquel de estudios árabes |
| Volume | 7 |
| Pages | 241–261 |
| Categories | Influence, Ibn Bāǧǧa |
| Author(s) | Josep Puig Montada |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Un aspecto de la influencia de Avempace en Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 1993 |
| Journal | Anaquel de estudios árabes |
| Volume | 4 |
| Pages | 149–159 |
| Categories | Physics, Ibn Bāǧǧa |
| Author(s) | Josep Puig Montada |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Note su Al-Farabi, Averroè e Ibn Bāǧǧa (Avempace) in traduzione ebraica |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 1986 |
| Journal | Henoch |
| Volume | 8 |
| Pages | 79–86 |
| Categories | Tradition and Reception, al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa |
| Author(s) | Bruno Chiesa |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | The study of Arabic philosophy today (Continued) |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 1983 |
| Journal | Middle East Studies Association Bulletin |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 161-177 |
| Categories | Surveys, al-Ġazālī, Ibn Bāǧǧa |
| Author(s) | Charles E. Butterworth |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/23057570 |
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| Title | Autori Arabi e Giudei nell'opera di San Tommaso |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 1960 |
| Journal | Angelicum |
| Volume | 37 |
| Issue | 3/4 |
| Pages | 336-401 |
| Categories | Aquinas, Tradition and Reception, al-Ġazālī, Avicenna, Ibn Bāǧǧa |
| Author(s) | C. Vansteenkiste |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/44621289 |
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| Title | Albert the Great between Avempace and Averroes on the Knowledge of Separate Forms |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association |
| Volume | 86 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 89–102 |
| Categories | Ibn Bāǧǧa, Aquinas, Albert |
| Author(s) | Luis Xavier López-Farjeat |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In Albert’s De anima III, 3, chapters 6–11 there is a discussion on whether the human intellect is able to apprehend only forms abstracted from matter or whether it is possible for it to know something separated from magnitude. If the human intellect is able to understand separate forms, this would mean that some forms are not apprehended with phantasms and magnitude but by the conjunction of the possible intellect and the separate intellect. This matter is quite problematic since it is not clear enough whether separate forms are known through the perfect conjunction of the possible intellect and the agent intellect or by means of the agent intellect which acts both as efficient and formal cause of these forms. Here, I focus on chapter 8 where Albert criticizes Avempace’s doctrine of the intellect, and chapter 11 where he states a resolution to the problem, which is very close to that of Averroes. This exploration illustrates the complexity of the relationship between the philosophies of Albert and Averroes. |
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| Title | Arabic/Islamic Philosophy in Thomas Aquinas’s Conception of the Beatific Vision in IV Sent., D. 49, Q. 2, A.1 |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Journal | The Thomist |
| Volume | 76 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 509–550 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Avicenna, Alexander of Aphrodisias |
| Author(s) | Richard C. Taylor |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Autori Arabi e Giudei nell'opera di San Tommaso |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 1960 |
| Journal | Angelicum |
| Volume | 37 |
| Issue | 3/4 |
| Pages | 336-401 |
| Categories | Aquinas, Tradition and Reception, al-Ġazālī, Avicenna, Ibn Bāǧǧa |
| Author(s) | C. Vansteenkiste |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/44621289 |
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| Title | Ensayo sobre el pensamiento de Avempace y su repercusión en Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 1996 |
| Journal | Anaquel de estudios árabes |
| Volume | 7 |
| Pages | 241–261 |
| Categories | Influence, Ibn Bāǧǧa |
| Author(s) | Josep Puig Montada |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Galileo and Avempace: The Dynamics of the Leaning Tower Experiment (I) |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 1951 |
| Journal | Journal of the History of Ideas |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 163-193 |
| Categories | Ibn Bāǧǧa, Physics, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | Ernest A. Moody |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/2707514 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.2307/2707514 |
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| Title | Galileo and Avempace: The Dynamics of the Leaning Tower Experiment (II) |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 1951 |
| Journal | Journal of the History of Ideas |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 375-422 |
| Categories | Ibn Bāǧǧa, Physics, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | Ernest A. Moody |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/2707752 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.2307/2707752 |
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| Title | Les stades de la philosophie naturelle d'Averroès |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 1997 |
| Journal | Arabic Sciences and Philosophy |
| Volume | 7 |
| Pages | 115–137 |
| Categories | Biography, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Themistius, Ibn Bāǧǧa |
| Author(s) | Josep Puig Montada |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The stages in the development of Averroes' philosophy can be better defined by the revisions Averroes himself made of his works than by the traditional order of his commentaries (short, middle, long); such revisions often take the form of glosses. In his initial stages Averroes' opinions are influenced by the interpretations of Alexander of Aphrodisias and Themistius as well as Avempace. In his final stages, he departs from them and moves closer to Aristotle's original thought. Averroes' reading of the beginning of Physics, Book VIII is an exception: there he agrees with Aristotle in the first stage and moves away from him in the final stage, because he came to believe that Aristotle's purpose in this part of the book was to prove the eternity of heavenly movement. The explanation for the different reading of the introduction to the short commentary can be found in the persecution Averroes and other philosophers suffered in 1197, after which Averroes no longer declared philosophy to be the way to attain human perfection, and he only wanted to illuminate Aristotle's philosophy. |
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| Title | L’éternité du mouvement chez Ibn Bâjja (Avempace) : de la définition générique à la définition numérique. Le commentaire aux chapitres 1 et 2 du livre VIII de la Physique |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Journal | Les Études Philosophiques |
| Volume | 117 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 161–216 |
| Categories | Ibn Bāǧǧa, Commentary, Physics, al-Fārābī |
| Author(s) | Farah Cherif Zahar |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article examines Ibn Bāǧǧa’s (Avempace) interpretation of the first two chapters of the eighth book of Aristotle’s Physics and what he has in mind when he describes Aristotle’s proof as a demonstration of the eternity of motion “in genus.” His approach in the second appendix to book eight differs from the one he develops in the main commentary. In the former text, Ibn Bāǧǧa works on the distinction between essential and accidental successions, which leads him to realize that the accidental and thus possible successions— horizontal approach—are not sufficient to guarantee the eternity of movement and then to adopt a vertical approach that goes back to the numerical identity of the circular continuous motion. We show to what extent Ibn Bāǧǧa’s interpretation is indebted to Al-Fārābī’s lost treatise On Changing Beings and also aim to highlight the role of this reading in the evolution of Averroes’ interpretation. |
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| Title | L’éternité du mouvement chez Ibn Bâjja (Avempace) : de la définition générique à la défintion numérique. Le commentaire aux chapitres 1 et 2 du livre VIII de la Physique |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Les Études Philosophiques |
| Volume | 117 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 161–216 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Physics, al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Influence |
| Author(s) | Farah Cherif Zahar |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article examines Ibn Bāǧǧa’s (Avempace) interpretation of the first two chapters of the eighth book of Aristotle’s Physics and what he has in mind when he describes Aristotle’s proof as a demonstration of the eternity of motion “in genus.” His approach in the second appendix to book eight differs from the one he develops in the main commentary. In the former text, Ibn Bāǧǧa works on the distinction between essential and accidental successions, which leads him to realize that the accidental and thus possible successions— horizontal approach—are not sufficient to guarantee the eternity of movement and then to adopt a vertical approach that goes back to the numerical identity of the circular continuous motion. We show to what extent Ibn Bāǧǧa’s interpretation is indebted to Al-Fārābī’s lost treatise On Changing Beings and also aim to highlight the role of this reading in the evolution of Averroes’ interpretation. |
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| Title | Note su Al-Farabi, Averroè e Ibn Bāǧǧa (Avempace) in traduzione ebraica |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 1986 |
| Journal | Henoch |
| Volume | 8 |
| Pages | 79–86 |
| Categories | Tradition and Reception, al-Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa |
| Author(s) | Bruno Chiesa |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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