| Title | Natural Perfection or Divine Fiat |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 233–252 |
| Categories | Nicomachean ethics, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Joshua Parens |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| As a reader of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” one is struck from the beginning by how much he omits from his commentary. Typically, this would be taken to indicate that Averroes does not comprehend Plato's intention. Indeed, the author can seem at times to confirm what many readers assume—namely, that he would rather have commented on a work by Aristotle. We will try to show that his major omissions—that is, of books 1, (most of ) 6, and 10, and especially what he substitutes for these omissions—form a coherent pattern and ultimately reveal a profound commentary on the omitted passages. That coherent pattern is already set within the first few pages of the work. From the beginning he seems to focus on the place of the Republic in relation to practical science and theoretical science. This comes as little surprise in a commentary on a work devoted to what I would like to call the philosopher-king conceit. The Republic is at least in part Plato's consideration of the relation between theoretical and practical science, as encapsulated in the person of the philosopher-king. Although Socrates does not get around to the centrality of this theme until Republic book 5, Averroes is on it from the beginning. He does so in part in order to place his discussion of the Republic in relation to his commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics—putatively the more theoretical of the two works. Be that as it may, we are most interested in what ties together the omissions of books 1, 6, and 10—and especially what Averroes substitutes for those omissions. We hope to show that the golden thread running through what Averroes substitutes is the theme of human perfection, in at least two senses: the philosopher-king and immortality. In each case, there is some element in Plato's original that Averroes needs to take into another register (from conventionalism in book 1 to fiat transplanted into the Second Treatise; from separate forms in book 6 to the active intellect in the Second Treatise; and from immortality of the soul in book 10 to conjunction with the active intellect in the Second Treatise). In effect, all these omissions are drawn together in the Second Treatise. For that reason, eventually, we will comment more closely on the most relevant section of the Second Treatise (60.17–74.12). |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5357","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5357,"authors_free":[{"id":6208,"entry_id":5357,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1783,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Joshua Parens","free_first_name":"Joshua","free_last_name":" Parens","norm_person":{"id":1783,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Parens","full_name":"Joshua Parens","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/172958881","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Joshua Parens"}}],"entry_title":"Natural Perfection or Divine Fiat","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Natural Perfection or Divine Fiat"},"abstract":"As a reader of Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d one is struck from the beginning by how much he omits from his commentary. Typically, this would be taken to indicate that Averroes does not comprehend Plato's intention. Indeed, the author can seem at times to confirm what many readers assume\u2014namely, that he would rather have commented on a work by Aristotle. We will try to show that his major omissions\u2014that is, of books 1, (most of ) 6, and 10, and especially what he substitutes for these omissions\u2014form a coherent pattern and ultimately reveal a profound commentary on the omitted passages. That coherent pattern is already set within the first few pages of the work. From the beginning he seems to focus on the place of the Republic in relation to practical science and theoretical science. This comes as little surprise in a commentary on a work devoted to what I would like to call the philosopher-king conceit. The Republic is at least in part Plato's consideration of the relation between theoretical and practical science, as encapsulated in the person of the philosopher-king. Although Socrates does not get around to the centrality of this theme until Republic book 5, Averroes is on it from the beginning. He does so in part in order to place his discussion of the Republic in relation to his commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics\u2014putatively the more theoretical of the two works. Be that as it may, we are most interested in what ties together the omissions of books 1, 6, and 10\u2014and especially what Averroes substitutes for those omissions. We hope to show that the golden thread running through what Averroes substitutes is the theme of human perfection, in at least two senses: the philosopher-king and immortality. In each case, there is some element in Plato's original that Averroes needs to take into another register (from conventionalism in book 1 to fiat transplanted into the Second Treatise; from separate forms in book 6 to the active intellect in the Second Treatise; and from immortality of the soul in book 10 to conjunction with the active intellect in the Second Treatise). In effect, all these omissions are drawn together in the Second Treatise. For that reason, eventually, we will comment more closely on the most relevant section of the Second Treatise (60.17\u201374.12).","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.012","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":70,"category_name":"Nicomachean ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Nicomachean ethics"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":1783,"full_name":"Joshua Parens","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5357,"section_of":5346,"pages":"233\u2013252","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Some Observations on Prudence (gr. φρόνησις, ar. taʿaqqul) in Book VI of Averroes’ Middle Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Women's Contemporary Readings of Medieval (and Modern) Arabic Philosophy |
| Pages | 101 - 126 |
| Categories | Nicomachean ethics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther , Saloua Chatti |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The following contribution aims at giving a brief overview of the way in which Averroes conceives the notion of prudence (gr. φρόνησις, ar. taʿaqqul) in his Commentary on Book VI of the Nicomachean Ethics. As Averroes’ Commentary is now lost in its original Arabic version (apart from some thirty fragments preserved in the margins of the Unicum of Fez), we offer here for the first time a critical edition (from the two main Latin witnesses O et T) of the passages of Book VI of this Commentary that are dedicated to the notion of prudence. These passages are presented in their Latin version and translated into English and are the following: I. ad NE VI 5, 1140a 24-30; II. ad NE VI 7, 1141a 20-1141b 2; III. ad NE VI 7-8, 1141b 8-1142a 30; IV. ad NE VI 11-13, 1143a 25-1145a 11. Alhtough a comprehensive treatment of the notion of prudence in Averroes’ Commentary on the Ethics would require more steps (a collation of the Hebrew version of Averroes’ Commentary, including the secondary witnesses of the Latin tradition; a close comparison of the Greek version of Aristotle with the Hebrew and Latin translations of Averroes; and other passages of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics and Averroes’ Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics where the notion of prudence is mentioned), the comparison of Aristotle’s text with the corresponding passages in the Latin version of Averroes’ Commentary allows us to make two remarks: first, the almost systematic substitution of the notion of prudence (prudentia / taʿaqqul) for the notion of intellect (intellectum / ʿaql); second, whereas Aristotle defines prudence as a deliberative disposition that belongs to the (practical) realm of action, Averroes sees in it only a deliberative disposition, which is well below the notion of wisdom that he introduces, it seems, as the one and only disposition with the status of a virtue of thought. Therefore, it seems that, in regard to this point, Averroes departs from Aristotle. The Graeco-Arabic version of the Nicomachean Ethics may have partly affected this interpretation of prudence, which is subordinated to theoretical wisdom if we put aside the fact that the Arabic term taʿaqqul—which translates the Greek φρόνησις—derives from the root ʿ-q-l, which refers to reason. [...] |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5813","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5813,"authors_free":[{"id":6734,"entry_id":5813,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1286,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Woerther","free_first_name":"","free_last_name":"","norm_person":{"id":1286,"first_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","last_name":"Woerther","full_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Woerther","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/13670932X","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Woerther"}},{"id":6736,"entry_id":5813,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Saloua Chatti","free_first_name":"","free_last_name":"","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Some Observations on Prudence (gr. \u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, ar. ta\u02bfaqqul) in Book VI of Averroes\u2019 Middle Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Some Observations on Prudence (gr. \u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, ar. ta\u02bfaqqul) in Book VI of Averroes\u2019 Middle Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics"},"abstract":"The following contribution aims at giving a brief overview of the way in which Averroes conceives the notion of prudence (gr. \u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, ar. ta\u02bfaqqul) in his Commentary on Book VI of the Nicomachean Ethics. As Averroes\u2019 Commentary is now lost in its original Arabic version (apart from some thirty fragments preserved in the margins of the Unicum of Fez), we offer here for the first time a critical edition (from the two main Latin witnesses O et T) of the passages of Book VI of this Commentary that are dedicated to the notion of prudence. These passages are presented in their Latin version and translated into English and are the following: I. ad NE VI 5, 1140a 24-30; II. ad NE VI 7, 1141a 20-1141b 2; III. ad NE VI 7-8, 1141b 8-1142a 30; IV. ad NE VI 11-13, 1143a 25-1145a 11.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAlhtough a comprehensive treatment of the notion of prudence in Averroes\u2019 Commentary on the Ethics would require more steps (a collation of the Hebrew version of Averroes\u2019 Commentary, including the secondary witnesses of the Latin tradition; a close comparison of the Greek version of Aristotle with the Hebrew and Latin translations of Averroes; and other passages of Aristotle\u2019s Nicomachean Ethics and Averroes\u2019 Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics where the notion of prudence is mentioned), the comparison of Aristotle\u2019s text with the corresponding passages in the Latin version of Averroes\u2019 Commentary allows us to make two remarks: first, the almost systematic substitution of the notion of prudence (prudentia \/ ta\u02bfaqqul) for the notion of intellect (intellectum \/ \u02bfaql); second, whereas Aristotle defines prudence as a deliberative disposition that belongs to the (practical) realm of action, Averroes sees in it only a deliberative disposition, which is well below the notion of wisdom that he introduces, it seems, as the one and only disposition with the status of a virtue of thought. Therefore, it seems that, in regard to this point, Averroes departs from Aristotle. The Graeco-Arabic version of the Nicomachean Ethics may have partly affected this interpretation of prudence, which is subordinated to theoretical wisdom if we put aside the fact that the Arabic term ta\u02bfaqqul\u2014which translates the Greek \u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2\u2014derives from the root \u02bf-q-l, which refers to reason. \r\n\r\n[...]","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-05629-1_5","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":70,"category_name":"Nicomachean ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Nicomachean ethics"}],"authors":[{"id":1286,"full_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Woerther","role":1},{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":2}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5813,"section_of":5818,"pages":"101 - 126","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5818,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"Women's Contemporary Readings of Medieval (and Modern) Arabic Philosophy","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"This book explores a large variety of topics involved in Arabic philosophy. It examines concepts and issues relating to logic and mathematics, as well as metaphysics, ethics and aesthetics. These topics are all studied by different Arabic philosophers and scientists from different periods ranging from the 9th century to the 20th century, and are representative of the Arabic tradition. This is the first book dealing with the Arabic thought and philosophy and written only by women. \r\n\r\nThe book brings together the work and contributions of an international group of female scholars and researchers specialized in the history of Arabic logic, philosophy and mathematics. Although all authors are women, the book does not enter into any kind of feminist trend. 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| Title | La recepción de la ética aristotélica en Averroes y su impacto en el mundo latino medieval |
| Translation | The reception of the Aristotelian Ethics in Averroes and its influence on trhe medieval latin world |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Endoxa |
| Volume | 48 |
| Pages | 15-46 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Nicomachean ethics, Tradition and Reception, Plato, Albert, Aquinas |
| Author(s) | Andrés Martínez Lorca |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| El pensamiento ético de Averroes apenas ha sido estudiado y ello a pesar de que es el nico filósofo islámico medieval del que se conserva un Comentario a la principal obra ristotélica sobre el tema, la Ética nicomáquea. El eje del presente trabajo es precisamente un nuevo análisis de ese Comentario a través de los conceptos de eudaimonía o felicidad, philía o amistad y tò díkaion o justicia.Averroes subraya los aspectos sociales y políticos apuntados por Aristóteles llegando a considerar el gobierno de los estados uno de los objetivos de su discurso ético. Asimismo, señala la preocupación de los legisladores por buscar la concordia civil que es considerada el mayor bien en las comunidades. Hay, pues, una conexión entre ética y política. Tiene, sin embargo, la hegemonía la política.Finalmente se considera este aspecto desatendido hasta ahora en la historiografía medieval: fue gracias al pensador andalusí como se produjo en el Occidente latino la recepción de la Ética nicomáquea de Aristóteles, obra que penetró en los círculos filosóficos y también en la cultura bajomedieval. La favorable acogida de los dos rincipales teólogos cristianos de la Edad Media, Alberto Magno y Tomás de Aquino, al Comentario de Averroes, traducido al latín por un obispo, ayudó a su difusión en el mundo medieval y más tarde en el Renacimiento. The ethical thought of Averroes has hardly been studied, and this despite the fact that he is the only medieval islamic philosopher whose Commentary on the main Aristotelian work on the subject, the Nicomachean Ethics, is preserved. The axis of this paper is precisely a new analysis of this Commentary through the concepts of eudaimonía or happiness, philía or friendship and tò díkaion or justice.Averroes underlines the social and political aspects pointed out by Aristotle, considering the government of the states one of the purposes of his ethical discourse. Likewise, he asserts the concern of legislators to seek civil harmony, which is considered the highest good in the communities. There is, consequently, a connection between ethics and politics. However, politics has the hegemony.Finally, is considered this neglected aspect so far in medieval historiography: it was thanks to the Andalusian thinker that was produced in the Latin West the reception of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, a work that entered philosophical circles and also late medieval culture. The favorable reception of the two main Christian theologians of the Middle Ages, Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas, to the Commentary of Averroes, translated into Latin by a bishop, contributed to its spreading in the medieval world and later the Renaissance. |
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El eje del presente trabajo es precisamente un nuevo an\u00e1lisis de ese Comentario a trav\u00e9s de los conceptos de eudaimon\u00eda o felicidad, phil\u00eda o amistad y t\u00f2 d\u00edkaion o justicia.Averroes subraya los aspectos sociales y pol\u00edticos apuntados por Arist\u00f3teles llegando a considerar el gobierno de los estados uno de los objetivos de su discurso \u00e9tico. Asimismo, se\u00f1ala la preocupaci\u00f3n de los legisladores por buscar la concordia civil que es considerada el mayor bien en las comunidades. Hay, pues, una conexi\u00f3n entre \u00e9tica y pol\u00edtica. Tiene, sin embargo, la hegemon\u00eda la pol\u00edtica.Finalmente se considera este aspecto desatendido hasta ahora en la historiograf\u00eda medieval: fue gracias al pensador andalus\u00ed como se produjo en el Occidente latino la recepci\u00f3n de la \u00c9tica nicom\u00e1quea de Arist\u00f3teles, obra que penetr\u00f3 en los c\u00edrculos filos\u00f3ficos y tambi\u00e9n en la cultura bajomedieval. La favorable acogida de los dos rincipales te\u00f3logos cristianos de la Edad Media, Alberto Magno y Tom\u00e1s de Aquino, al Comentario de Averroes, traducido al lat\u00edn por un obispo, ayud\u00f3 a su difusi\u00f3n en el mundo medieval y m\u00e1s tarde en el Renacimiento.\r\n\r\nThe ethical thought of Averroes has hardly been studied, and this despite the fact that he is the only medieval islamic philosopher whose Commentary on the main Aristotelian work on the subject, the Nicomachean Ethics, is preserved. The axis of this paper is precisely a new analysis of this Commentary through the concepts of eudaimon\u00eda or happiness, phil\u00eda or friendship and t\u00f2 d\u00edkaion or justice.Averroes underlines the social and political aspects pointed out by Aristotle, considering the government of the states one of the purposes of his ethical discourse. Likewise, he asserts the concern of legislators to seek civil harmony, which is considered the highest good in the communities. There is, consequently, a connection between ethics and politics. However, politics has the hegemony.Finally, is considered this neglected aspect so far in medieval historiography: it was thanks to the Andalusian thinker that was produced in the Latin West the reception of Aristotle\u2019s Nicomachean Ethics, a work that entered philosophical circles and also late medieval culture. The favorable reception of the two main Christian theologians of the Middle Ages, Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas, to the Commentary of Averroes, translated into Latin by a bishop, contributed to its spreading in the medieval world and later the Renaissance.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"Spanish","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5944\/endoxa.48.2021 (refers to the whole volume)","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":70,"category_name":"Nicomachean ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Nicomachean ethics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":6,"category_name":"Albert","link":"bib?categories[]=Albert"},{"id":2,"category_name":"Aquinas","link":"bib?categories[]=Aquinas"}],"authors":[{"id":756,"full_name":"Andr\u00e9s Mart\u00ednez Lorca","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5565,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Endoxa","volume":"48","issue":"","pages":"15-46"}},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | Les fragments arabes du Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à l’Éthique à Nicomaque |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Oriens |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue | 3-4 |
| Pages | 244–312 |
| Categories | Commentary, Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Ethics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Phantasia in Aristotle’s Ethics: Reception in the Arabic, Greek, Hebrew and Latin Traditions |
| Type | Edited Book |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Publication Place | London |
| Publisher | Bloomsbury Publishing |
| Series | Bloomsbury studies in the Aristotelian tradition |
| Categories | Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Jakob Leth Fink |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle suggests that a moral principle ‘does not immediately appear to the man who has been corrupted by pleasure or pain’. Phantasia in Aristotle’s Ethics investigates his claim and its reception in ancient and medieval Aristotelian traditions, including Arabic, Greek, Hebrew and Latin. While contemporary commentators on the Ethics have overlooked Aristotle’s remark, his ancient and medieval interpreters made substantial contributions towards a clarification of the claim’s meaning and relevance. Even when the hazards of transmission have left no explicit comments on this particular passage, as is the case in the Arabic tradition, medieval responders still offer valuable interpretations of phantasia (appearance) and its role in ethical deliberation and action. This volume casts light on these readings, showing how the distant voices from the medieval Arabic, Greek, Hebrew and Latin Aristotelian traditions still contribute to contemporary debate concerning phantasia, motivation and deliberation in Aristotle’s Ethics. |
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| Title | Averroes’s Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Phantasia in Aristotle’s Ethics: Reception in the Arabic, Greek, Hebrew and Latin Traditions |
| Pages | 37–64 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Nicomachean ethics, Transmission |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes’ Goals in the Paraphrase (Middle Commentary) of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Interpreting Averroes. Critical Essays |
| Pages | 218–236 |
| Categories | Commentary, Nicomachean ethics, Politics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| A study of Averroes' paraphrase commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics, which is preserved only in Hebrew and Latin. Averroes here explores the relationship between ethics and political philosophy and identifies a theoretical strand within ethics, in order to show that practical philosophy is a proper science. |
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| Title | Le Plaisir, le bonheur et l’acquisition des vertus |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2018 |
| Publication Place | Leiden, Boston |
| Publisher | Brill |
| Series | Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies |
| Volume | 108 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Averroes , Frédérique Woerther , |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| This volume contains the first edition of the Latin version of the Middle Commentary of Averroes on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics Book X, the original arabic version being lost. It is accompanied by an annotated French translation. The volume also contains a full study of the manuscript tradition of the Latin text and sets outs the principles used in the edition, which takes into account, where necessary, the Hebrew version of the Commentary. Two further studies complete the volume: the first is devoted to the genre of “Middle Commentary” (talḫīṣ); the second considers how Averroes uses an analogy with medicine to place ethics at the heart of practical philosophy, and how, in a manner that is foreign to Aristotle, he conceives of ethics as a “science.” |
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| Title | Le statut «scientifique» de l’éthique d’après le Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à l’Éthique à Nicomaque d’Aristote |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2018 |
| Journal | Oriens |
| Volume | 46 |
| Issue | No. 3/4 |
| Pages | 332–367 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Nicomachean ethics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Following an exegetical method similar to the one used two years earlier in his Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, Averroes usually stays very close to the Arabic version of the Nicomachean Ethics in his Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. For he mostly reproduces Aristotle’s text without reformulating it. When necessary he nonetheless deletes the most obscure passages and develops those requiring more explanation, adding examples and replacing some terms with other terms, usually technical ones. By doing so, Averroes gives the ten Books of Aristotle’s treatise a greater unity and coherence. One of the commonest modifications that Averroes introduced in the Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics on the microstructural level is the use of the term scientia/ ḥokhma to refer to the content of the Ethics, whereas Aristotle’s text had no specific word for this. Likewise, Averroes makes clear in the first lines of his Commentary on the Republic that the discursive mode he is going to follow is the mode of scientific or theoretical arguments, not dialectical arguments. Hence, bestowing the status of a «science» on ethics (and on politics) clearly seems problematic – from a strictly Aristotelian perspective at any rate. This contribution seeks to understand, from Books I and X of Averroes’ Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, how the «scientific» status of ethics shall be understood, by observing in particular the inscription of the Ethics in the knowledge system as Averroes conceives it, and by raising the question of the addressee of his Middle Commentary, who obviously is no longer the Aristotelian figure of the legislator ἐπιειϰής. |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/26572345 |
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| Title | Les noms propres dans le Commentaire moyen à l’Éthique à Nicomaque d’Averroès. Contribution à une étude sur les traductions latine et hébraïque du Commentaire, |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2017 |
| Journal | Bulletin de Philosophie Médiévale |
| Volume | 59 |
| Pages | 3–32 |
| Categories | Commentary, Nicomachean ethics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Les présentes remarques se proposent d’observer la façon dont les noms propres ont été traités par Averroès dans son Commentaire moyen à l’Éthique à Nicomaque (= CmEN), rédigé à partir de la traduction arabe du traité aristotélicien (ENar), dont une seule copie unique existe aujourd’hui, conservée dans la bibliothèque Quaraouiyine de Fès. Perdu dans sa version originale arabe, ce Commentaire n’existe – à l’exception d’une trentaine de petits fragments – que dans sa traduction latine, réalisée en 1240 par Hermann l’Allemand, et dans sa traduction hébraïque, achevée par Samuel de Marseille en 1340. Analyser l’attitude d’Averroès devant les noms propres de ENar, qui pour la plupart ont été translittérés par le traducteur arabe, entraîne par voie de conséquence un examen de la façon dont Hermann et Samuel ont à leur tour réagi face à des noms propres (quand ils ont été conservés par Averroès dans son Commentaire), dont ils ne connaissaient pas nécessairement les référents puisqu’ils appartiennent à une aire culturelle différente de la leur. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5125","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5125,"authors_free":[{"id":5900,"entry_id":5125,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1286,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Woerther","free_first_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","free_last_name":"Woerther","norm_person":{"id":1286,"first_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","last_name":"Woerther","full_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Woerther","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/13670932X","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Woerther"}}],"entry_title":"Les noms propres dans le Commentaire moyen \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9thique \u00e0 Nicomaque d\u2019Averro\u00e8s. Contribution \u00e0 une \u00e9tude sur les traductions latine et h\u00e9bra\u00efque du Commentaire,","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Les noms propres dans le Commentaire moyen \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9thique \u00e0 Nicomaque d\u2019Averro\u00e8s. Contribution \u00e0 une \u00e9tude sur les traductions latine et h\u00e9bra\u00efque du Commentaire,"},"abstract":"Les pr\u00e9sentes remarques se proposent d\u2019observer la fa\u00e7on dont les noms propres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s par Averro\u00e8s dans son Commentaire moyen \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9thique \u00e0 Nicomaque (= CmEN), r\u00e9dig\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la traduction arabe du trait\u00e9 aristot\u00e9licien (ENar), dont une seule copie unique existe aujourd\u2019hui, conserv\u00e9e dans la biblioth\u00e8que Quaraouiyine de F\u00e8s. Perdu dans sa version originale arabe, ce Commentaire n\u2019existe \u2013 \u00e0 l\u2019exception d\u2019une trentaine de petits fragments \u2013 que dans sa traduction latine, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 1240 par Hermann l\u2019Allemand, et dans sa traduction h\u00e9bra\u00efque, achev\u00e9e par Samuel de Marseille en 1340. Analyser l\u2019attitude d\u2019Averro\u00e8s devant les noms propres de ENar, qui pour la plupart ont \u00e9t\u00e9 translitt\u00e9r\u00e9s par le traducteur arabe, entra\u00eene par voie de cons\u00e9quence un examen de la fa\u00e7on dont Hermann et Samuel ont \u00e0 leur tour r\u00e9agi face \u00e0 des noms propres (quand ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conserv\u00e9s par Averro\u00e8s dans son Commentaire), dont ils ne connaissaient pas n\u00e9cessairement les r\u00e9f\u00e9rents puisqu\u2019ils appartiennent \u00e0 une aire culturelle diff\u00e9rente de la leur.","btype":3,"date":"2017","language":"French","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1484\/J.BPM.5.115827","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":70,"category_name":"Nicomachean ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Nicomachean ethics"}],"authors":[{"id":1286,"full_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Woerther","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5125,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Bulletin de Philosophie M\u00e9di\u00e9vale","volume":"59","issue":"","pages":"3\u201332"}},"sort":[2017]}
| Title | An unpublished late thirteenth-century commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 1959 |
| Journal | Traditio |
| Volume | 15 |
| Pages | 299-326 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Nicomachean ethics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Kimon Giocarinis |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/27830388 |
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| Title | Averroes' Middle Commentary on Book I of the Nicomachean Ethics |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2014 |
| Journal | Oriens |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue | 1-2 |
| Pages | 254-287 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Steven Harvey , Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The conventional view of the previous century that Averroes’ middle commentaries (talāḫīṣ) on Aristotle are all of the same form and style is no longer tenable. A full and accurate account of the similarities and differences among Averroes’ talāḫīṣ on Aristotle must consider all of them. Perhaps the least studied and least known of these middle commentaries is the one on the Nicomachean Ethics, a text which is extant today only in a critically edited medieval Hebrew translation and an as yet unedited medieval Latin translation. The two authors of the present article have each studied chapters of this commentary independently of each other and have reached different conclusions concerning its value. In this article they present a careful examination of the first book of Averroes’ commentary via its Hebrew translation and Latin translation (primarily through the two oldest and most reliable manuscripts of it) in comparison with the medieval Arabic translation of the Nicomachean Ethics that was used by Averroes (and in light of Aristotle’s Greek text). This study shows an Averroean middle commentary that is not very original and not particularly helpful, especially, for example, when compared to the quite different middle commentaries on Aristotle’s books on natural science. Indeed, he often seems to do little more than copy—not even paraphrase—the Arabic translation. On the other hand, Averroes does not hesitate to insert words as he copies in order to make the text clearer and easier to understand. Where lengthier explanations are needed, they too are attempted, at times in response to problematic translations in the Arabic text before him. |
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| Title | Averroes’ Goals in the Paraphrase (Middle Commentary) of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Interpreting Averroes. Critical Essays |
| Pages | 218–236 |
| Categories | Commentary, Nicomachean ethics, Politics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| A study of Averroes' paraphrase commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics, which is preserved only in Hebrew and Latin. Averroes here explores the relationship between ethics and political philosophy and identifies a theoretical strand within ethics, in order to show that practical philosophy is a proper science. |
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| Title | Averroes’s Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Phantasia in Aristotle’s Ethics: Reception in the Arabic, Greek, Hebrew and Latin Traditions |
| Pages | 37–64 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Nicomachean ethics, Transmission |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Ibn Rushd's Middle commentary in the Nicomachean ethics in medieval Hebrew literature |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Published in | Multiple Averroès. Actes du Colloque International organisé à l'occasion du 850 anniversaire de la naissance d'averroès, Paris 20–23 septembre 1976 |
| Pages | 287-321 |
| Categories | Commentary, Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics |
| Author(s) | Lawrence V. Berman |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | La recepción de la ética aristotélica en Averroes y su impacto en el mundo latino medieval |
| Translation | The reception of the Aristotelian Ethics in Averroes and its influence on trhe medieval latin world |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Endoxa |
| Volume | 48 |
| Pages | 15-46 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Nicomachean ethics, Tradition and Reception, Plato, Albert, Aquinas |
| Author(s) | Andrés Martínez Lorca |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| El pensamiento ético de Averroes apenas ha sido estudiado y ello a pesar de que es el nico filósofo islámico medieval del que se conserva un Comentario a la principal obra ristotélica sobre el tema, la Ética nicomáquea. El eje del presente trabajo es precisamente un nuevo análisis de ese Comentario a través de los conceptos de eudaimonía o felicidad, philía o amistad y tò díkaion o justicia.Averroes subraya los aspectos sociales y políticos apuntados por Aristóteles llegando a considerar el gobierno de los estados uno de los objetivos de su discurso ético. Asimismo, señala la preocupación de los legisladores por buscar la concordia civil que es considerada el mayor bien en las comunidades. Hay, pues, una conexión entre ética y política. Tiene, sin embargo, la hegemonía la política.Finalmente se considera este aspecto desatendido hasta ahora en la historiografía medieval: fue gracias al pensador andalusí como se produjo en el Occidente latino la recepción de la Ética nicomáquea de Aristóteles, obra que penetró en los círculos filosóficos y también en la cultura bajomedieval. La favorable acogida de los dos rincipales teólogos cristianos de la Edad Media, Alberto Magno y Tomás de Aquino, al Comentario de Averroes, traducido al latín por un obispo, ayudó a su difusión en el mundo medieval y más tarde en el Renacimiento. The ethical thought of Averroes has hardly been studied, and this despite the fact that he is the only medieval islamic philosopher whose Commentary on the main Aristotelian work on the subject, the Nicomachean Ethics, is preserved. The axis of this paper is precisely a new analysis of this Commentary through the concepts of eudaimonía or happiness, philía or friendship and tò díkaion or justice.Averroes underlines the social and political aspects pointed out by Aristotle, considering the government of the states one of the purposes of his ethical discourse. Likewise, he asserts the concern of legislators to seek civil harmony, which is considered the highest good in the communities. There is, consequently, a connection between ethics and politics. However, politics has the hegemony.Finally, is considered this neglected aspect so far in medieval historiography: it was thanks to the Andalusian thinker that was produced in the Latin West the reception of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, a work that entered philosophical circles and also late medieval culture. The favorable reception of the two main Christian theologians of the Middle Ages, Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas, to the Commentary of Averroes, translated into Latin by a bishop, contributed to its spreading in the medieval world and later the Renaissance. |
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El eje del presente trabajo es precisamente un nuevo an\u00e1lisis de ese Comentario a trav\u00e9s de los conceptos de eudaimon\u00eda o felicidad, phil\u00eda o amistad y t\u00f2 d\u00edkaion o justicia.Averroes subraya los aspectos sociales y pol\u00edticos apuntados por Arist\u00f3teles llegando a considerar el gobierno de los estados uno de los objetivos de su discurso \u00e9tico. Asimismo, se\u00f1ala la preocupaci\u00f3n de los legisladores por buscar la concordia civil que es considerada el mayor bien en las comunidades. Hay, pues, una conexi\u00f3n entre \u00e9tica y pol\u00edtica. Tiene, sin embargo, la hegemon\u00eda la pol\u00edtica.Finalmente se considera este aspecto desatendido hasta ahora en la historiograf\u00eda medieval: fue gracias al pensador andalus\u00ed como se produjo en el Occidente latino la recepci\u00f3n de la \u00c9tica nicom\u00e1quea de Arist\u00f3teles, obra que penetr\u00f3 en los c\u00edrculos filos\u00f3ficos y tambi\u00e9n en la cultura bajomedieval. La favorable acogida de los dos rincipales te\u00f3logos cristianos de la Edad Media, Alberto Magno y Tom\u00e1s de Aquino, al Comentario de Averroes, traducido al lat\u00edn por un obispo, ayud\u00f3 a su difusi\u00f3n en el mundo medieval y m\u00e1s tarde en el Renacimiento.\r\n\r\nThe ethical thought of Averroes has hardly been studied, and this despite the fact that he is the only medieval islamic philosopher whose Commentary on the main Aristotelian work on the subject, the Nicomachean Ethics, is preserved. The axis of this paper is precisely a new analysis of this Commentary through the concepts of eudaimon\u00eda or happiness, phil\u00eda or friendship and t\u00f2 d\u00edkaion or justice.Averroes underlines the social and political aspects pointed out by Aristotle, considering the government of the states one of the purposes of his ethical discourse. Likewise, he asserts the concern of legislators to seek civil harmony, which is considered the highest good in the communities. There is, consequently, a connection between ethics and politics. However, politics has the hegemony.Finally, is considered this neglected aspect so far in medieval historiography: it was thanks to the Andalusian thinker that was produced in the Latin West the reception of Aristotle\u2019s Nicomachean Ethics, a work that entered philosophical circles and also late medieval culture. The favorable reception of the two main Christian theologians of the Middle Ages, Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas, to the Commentary of Averroes, translated into Latin by a bishop, contributed to its spreading in the medieval world and later the Renaissance.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"Spanish","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5944\/endoxa.48.2021 (refers to the whole volume)","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":70,"category_name":"Nicomachean ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Nicomachean ethics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":6,"category_name":"Albert","link":"bib?categories[]=Albert"},{"id":2,"category_name":"Aquinas","link":"bib?categories[]=Aquinas"}],"authors":[{"id":756,"full_name":"Andr\u00e9s Mart\u00ednez Lorca","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5565,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Endoxa","volume":"48","issue":"","pages":"15-46"}},"sort":["La recepci\u00f3n de la \u00e9tica aristot\u00e9lica en Averroes y su impacto en el mundo latino medieval"]}
| Title | Le Plaisir, le bonheur et l’acquisition des vertus |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2018 |
| Publication Place | Leiden, Boston |
| Publisher | Brill |
| Series | Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies |
| Volume | 108 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Averroes , Frédérique Woerther , |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| This volume contains the first edition of the Latin version of the Middle Commentary of Averroes on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics Book X, the original arabic version being lost. It is accompanied by an annotated French translation. The volume also contains a full study of the manuscript tradition of the Latin text and sets outs the principles used in the edition, which takes into account, where necessary, the Hebrew version of the Commentary. Two further studies complete the volume: the first is devoted to the genre of “Middle Commentary” (talḫīṣ); the second considers how Averroes uses an analogy with medicine to place ethics at the heart of practical philosophy, and how, in a manner that is foreign to Aristotle, he conceives of ethics as a “science.” |
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| Title | Le statut «scientifique» de l’éthique d’après le Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à l’Éthique à Nicomaque d’Aristote |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2018 |
| Journal | Oriens |
| Volume | 46 |
| Issue | No. 3/4 |
| Pages | 332–367 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Nicomachean ethics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Following an exegetical method similar to the one used two years earlier in his Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, Averroes usually stays very close to the Arabic version of the Nicomachean Ethics in his Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. For he mostly reproduces Aristotle’s text without reformulating it. When necessary he nonetheless deletes the most obscure passages and develops those requiring more explanation, adding examples and replacing some terms with other terms, usually technical ones. By doing so, Averroes gives the ten Books of Aristotle’s treatise a greater unity and coherence. One of the commonest modifications that Averroes introduced in the Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics on the microstructural level is the use of the term scientia/ ḥokhma to refer to the content of the Ethics, whereas Aristotle’s text had no specific word for this. Likewise, Averroes makes clear in the first lines of his Commentary on the Republic that the discursive mode he is going to follow is the mode of scientific or theoretical arguments, not dialectical arguments. Hence, bestowing the status of a «science» on ethics (and on politics) clearly seems problematic – from a strictly Aristotelian perspective at any rate. This contribution seeks to understand, from Books I and X of Averroes’ Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, how the «scientific» status of ethics shall be understood, by observing in particular the inscription of the Ethics in the knowledge system as Averroes conceives it, and by raising the question of the addressee of his Middle Commentary, who obviously is no longer the Aristotelian figure of the legislator ἐπιειϰής. |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/26572345 |
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| Title | Les Excerpta de libro Aristotelis Ethicorum secundum translationem de arabico in latinum |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Archives d’Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Âge |
| Volume | 83 |
| Pages | 115–147 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Ethics, Nicomachean ethics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/44471241 |
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| Title | Les fragments arabes du Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à l’Éthique à Nicomaque |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Oriens |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue | 3-4 |
| Pages | 244–312 |
| Categories | Commentary, Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Ethics |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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