Ibn Rushd’s Middle Commentary on the Poetics, or the Ethical Education, 2024
By: Frédérique Woerther
Title Ibn Rushd’s Middle Commentary on the Poetics, or the Ethical Education
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2024
Journal Journal of Islamic Ethics
Pages 1 - 25
Categories Poetics, Ethics, Logic
Author(s) Frédérique Woerther
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In his Talkhīṣ Kitāb Arisṭūṭālīs fī l-Shiʿr (“Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Poetics”) Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 595/1198) strictly defines poetic statements (al-aqāwīl al-shiʿriyya) as imaginative (mutakhayyila) statements that imitate the good and the evil, and aim at inciting people to virtue and deterring them from vice. Yet the traces of the Aristotelian ethical doctrine in this Commentary are not restricted to this link to virtue ethics, as the entire text follows at different levels the division between virtue/vice and good/evil. Ibn Rushd also refers to the teaching of ethics when discussing the object of poetic imitation (al-tashbīh wa-l-muḥākāt), the different natures he distinguishes among poets, and the genres of panegyric (madīḥ) and satire (hijāʾ). However, recent scholarship tends to view the Poetics in the Islamic context as a fundamentally logical treatise. Following the Alexandrian tradition, the falāsifa sought, at least since al-Fārābī (d. 339/950), to justify and explain the position of the Poetics in the Organon by defining, for example, the logical and psychological mechanisms of the poetical syllogism. More specifically, philosophers drew parallels between the role of imagination (takhayyul) in the poetical context and the role of assent or conviction (taṣdīq) in the other logical arts, and in particular in the Rhetoric (al-Khiṭāba). The purpose of this contribution is to demonstrate that the Poetics, according to Ibn Rushd, is a treatise that combines logic and ethics and determines in that respect the conditions and the rules of a practical education of the citizens. Like the rhetoric whose political value was already determined, poetics also plays a role in defining the nature and the content of the poetical statements that are to be employed in order to encourage people to virtuous actions – that is, the very condition for a virtuous political, and thus, a happy life. Straddling between logic and ethics, poetry is therefore fundamentally political.

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Ibn Rushd on Knowledge, Pleasures, and Analogy, 2021
By: Fouad Ben Ahmed
Title Ibn Rushd on Knowledge, Pleasures, and Analogy
Type Article
Language English
Date 2021
Journal Philosophy and Scienes in Muslim Contexts
Categories Logic, Psychology, Metaphysics, Poetics, Rhetoric
Author(s) Fouad Ben Ahmed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Poetics by Averroes, 2020
By: Ali Tekin
Title Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Poetics by Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2020
Journal Entelekya Logico-Metaphysical Review
Volume 4
Issue 2
Pages 179-185
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Poetics
Author(s) Ali Tekin
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroës's Search: The Aesthetics of Failure as a Starting Point for Writing, 2020
By: Hernán Martínez Millán
Title Averroës's Search: The Aesthetics of Failure as a Starting Point for Writing
Type Article
Language English
Date 2020
Journal Variaciones Borges
Volume 49
Pages 257-282
Categories Borges, Poetics, Commentary
Author(s) Hernán Martínez Millán
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Una posible influencia de Averroes en las referencias a la Poética en Tomás de Aquino, 2019
By: Luis Xavier López-Farjeat
Title Una posible influencia de Averroes en las referencias a la Poética en Tomás de Aquino
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2019
Journal Iztapalapa
Volume 26
Issue 58
Pages 51-62
Categories Aquinas, Aristotle, Logic, Ethics, Poetics
Author(s) Luis Xavier López-Farjeat
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
En el presente artículo se plantea la posibilidad de que el comentario medio de Averroes a la Poética de Aristóteles haya influido en alguna medida en Tomás de Aquino. Esta hipótesis se presenta a partir de los siguientes datos: a) Tomás de Aquino no comentó la Poética, pero sí conoció el comentario medio de Averroes a esta obra; b) Tomás de Aquino entendía la función de la poesía de modo similar a los filósofos árabes, a saber, como un discurso útil para la educación moral; y c) al igual que Averroes, Tomás de Aquino describe el discurso poético allegado al retórico y al dialéctico y, como tal, útil para engendrar convicciones.

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Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry, 2015
By: Francesca Forte
Title Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry
Type Article
Language English
Date 2015
Journal Quaestio
Volume 15
Pages 287–296
Categories Aristotle, Poetics, Commentary, Logic, Politics
Author(s) Francesca Forte
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The theme of the pleasure of knowledge is central in Averroes’ aesthetical reflection of Aristotle’s Poetics, regardless whether we side with the logical or with the moral interpretation. The first one stresses the continuity between Averroes and previous commentators in his attempt to reconstruct the Poetics as an integral part of the Logic itself, whereby poetic discourse is conceived as a form of reasoning based on syllogisms. According to the latter perspective, however, pleasure is central in that poetry is a tool towards the pursuit of happiness: in this perspective it is necessary to bear in mind some common themes present in other works by Averroes (particularly in the commentaries on the Aristotelian Organon – and especially the commentary on the Rhetoric –, in the commentaries on Plato’s Republic, and, last but not least, in the Decisive Treatise). The pleasure of contemplative knowledge must go hand in hand with the pursuit of communal happiness and therefore with the good and proper order of community and society. Poetry represents a central tool towards this aim in that it expresses moral truths which cannot not be communicated (to everybody) by means of logic and philosophy alone.

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The Poetics from Athens to al-Andalus: Ibn Rushd’s Grounds for Comparison, 2014
By: Rebecca Gould
Title The Poetics from Athens to al-Andalus: Ibn Rushd’s Grounds for Comparison
Type Article
Language English
Date 2014
Journal Modern Philology
Volume 112
Issue 1
Pages 1-24
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Poetics, Transmission
Author(s) Rebecca Gould
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ridicolo e commedia nel Commento medio di Averroè alla Poetica di Aristotele, 2003
By: Paolo Cosenza
Title Ridicolo e commedia nel Commento medio di Averroè alla Poetica di Aristotele
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2003
Journal Studi Filosofici
Volume 25–26
Pages 11–23
Categories Poetics, Aristotle
Author(s) Paolo Cosenza
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes's Commentary, 2001
By: Salim Kemal
Title Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes's Commentary
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Journal of Value Inquiry
Volume 35
Pages 391–412
Categories Poetics
Author(s) Salim Kemal
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes Commentary, 2001
By: Salim Kemal
Title Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes Commentary
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Journal of Value Inquiry
Volume 35
Issue 3
Pages 391-412
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Poetics, Logic
Author(s) Salim Kemal
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Arabic Poetics and Aristotle's Poetics, 1986
By: Salim Kemal
Title Arabic Poetics and Aristotle's Poetics
Type Article
Language English
Date 1986
Journal The British Journal of Aesthetics
Volume 26
Pages 112–123
Categories Poetics
Author(s) Salim Kemal
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Arabische Homerverse, 1956
By: Jörg Kraemer
Title Arabische Homerverse
Type Article
Language German
Date 1956
Journal Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
Volume 106 (n.F. 31)
Issue 2
Pages 259-316
Categories Poetics, Aristotle
Author(s) Jörg Kraemer
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotle's "Poetics" in the Fourteenth Century, 1970
By: William F. Boggess
Title Aristotle's "Poetics" in the Fourteenth Century
Type Article
Language English
Date 1970
Journal Studies in Philology
Volume 67
Issue 3
Pages 278-294
Categories Aristotle, Poetics, Commentary, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) William F. Boggess
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes Commentary, 2001
By: Salim Kemal
Title Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes Commentary
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Journal of Value Inquiry
Volume 35
Issue 3
Pages 391-412
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Poetics, Logic
Author(s) Salim Kemal
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes's Commentary, 2001
By: Salim Kemal
Title Aristotle's Poetics, the Poetic Syllogism, and Philosophical Truth in Averroes's Commentary
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Journal of Value Inquiry
Volume 35
Pages 391–412
Categories Poetics
Author(s) Salim Kemal
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes' Middle Commentary on Aristotle's Poetics : A Textual Note, 1964
By: Frank Boggess
Title Averroes' Middle Commentary on Aristotle's Poetics : A Textual Note
Type Article
Language English
Date 1964
Journal Journal of the American Oriental Society
Volume 84
Issue 2
Pages 170
Categories Poetics, Commentary, Aristotle
Author(s) Frank Boggess
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry, 2015
By: Francesca Forte
Title Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry
Type Article
Language English
Date 2015
Journal Quaestio
Volume 15
Pages 287–296
Categories Aristotle, Poetics, Commentary, Logic, Politics
Author(s) Francesca Forte
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The theme of the pleasure of knowledge is central in Averroes’ aesthetical reflection of Aristotle’s Poetics, regardless whether we side with the logical or with the moral interpretation. The first one stresses the continuity between Averroes and previous commentators in his attempt to reconstruct the Poetics as an integral part of the Logic itself, whereby poetic discourse is conceived as a form of reasoning based on syllogisms. According to the latter perspective, however, pleasure is central in that poetry is a tool towards the pursuit of happiness: in this perspective it is necessary to bear in mind some common themes present in other works by Averroes (particularly in the commentaries on the Aristotelian Organon – and especially the commentary on the Rhetoric –, in the commentaries on Plato’s Republic, and, last but not least, in the Decisive Treatise). The pleasure of contemplative knowledge must go hand in hand with the pursuit of communal happiness and therefore with the good and proper order of community and society. Poetry represents a central tool towards this aim in that it expresses moral truths which cannot not be communicated (to everybody) by means of logic and philosophy alone.

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Averroès, la raison en poèsie, 1998
By: Ali Benmakhlouf
Title Averroès, la raison en poèsie
Type Article
Language French
Date 1998
Pages 67–74
Categories Poetics
Author(s) Ali Benmakhlouf
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroës's Search: The Aesthetics of Failure as a Starting Point for Writing, 2020
By: Hernán Martínez Millán
Title Averroës's Search: The Aesthetics of Failure as a Starting Point for Writing
Type Article
Language English
Date 2020
Journal Variaciones Borges
Volume 49
Pages 257-282
Categories Borges, Poetics, Commentary
Author(s) Hernán Martínez Millán
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Borges on Language and Translation, 1995
By: Jan Stewart
Title Borges on Language and Translation
Type Article
Language English
Date 1995
Journal Philosophy and Literature
Volume 19
Pages 320–329
Categories Poetics
Author(s) Jan Stewart
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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