Type of Media
Category
Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Fārābī, 2023
By: G. Hussein Rassool, Mugheera M. Luqman
Title Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Fārābī
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2023
Published in Foundations of Islāmic Psychology. From Classical Scholars to Contemporary Thinkers
Pages 48-55
Categories al-Fārābī, Psychology
Author(s) G. Hussein Rassool , Mugheera M. Luqman
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In this particular chapter, three physicians Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Fārābī, who made some contributions, directly and indirectly, to the development of psychology, are presented. Ibn Miskawayh can be regarded as one of the earliest positive, educational, cognitive psychologists for his treatise on Tahdhīb al-Akhlāq. In positive psychology, he showed how to reach supreme happiness and its virtues. To reach such state, psychological conditions and environmental factors can shape the supreme happiness of human being. The development of a theory of psychotherapy has also been attributed to Ibn Miskawayh and introduced what is now known as "self-reinforcement" and response cost. Ibn Rushd's views on psychology are most fully discussed in his Talkhis Kitab al-Nafs as it "surpasses other sciences, except for divine science." Ibn Rushd described three-fold hierarchy of learning. Ibn Rushd argued that we experience health and illness, and that religious texts contain important information as to how we should behave. What is remarkable with Ibn Rushd is that he examined critically diverse views and argued that all these views are acceptable from different perspectives. Al Fārābī in his Ārāʾ Ahl al-Madīnah al-Fāḍilah describes several principles of social psychology using invented exemplars. Al-Fārābī suggested that the perfect human being has both theoretical virtue and practical moral virtues. At the heart of Al-Farabi's political philosophy is the concept of happiness in which people cooperate to gain contentment. Al-Fārābī used observable realities and experimentation based on clear evidence even though relied on scriptural sources for his intellectual discourse. Al-Fārābī wrote on dreams and explained the distinction between dream Interpretation and the nature and trigger of dreams. His writings on the therapeutic effect of music on the soul later influenced modern mental health and treatment.

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The development of a theory of psychotherapy has also been attributed to Ibn Miskawayh and introduced what is now known as \"self-reinforcement\" and response cost. Ibn Rushd's views on psychology are most fully discussed in his Talkhis Kitab al-Nafs as it \"surpasses other sciences, except for divine science.\" Ibn Rushd described three-fold hierarchy of learning. Ibn Rushd argued that we experience health and illness, and that religious texts contain important information as to how we should behave. What is remarkable with Ibn Rushd is that he examined critically diverse views and argued that all these views are acceptable from different perspectives. Al F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b in his \u0100r\u0101\u02be Ahl al-Mad\u012bnah al-F\u0101\u1e0dilah describes several principles of social psychology using invented exemplars. Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b suggested that the perfect human being has both theoretical virtue and practical moral virtues. At the heart of Al-Farabi's political philosophy is the concept of happiness in which people cooperate to gain contentment. Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b used observable realities and experimentation based on clear evidence even though relied on scriptural sources for his intellectual discourse. Al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b wrote on dreams and explained the distinction between dream Interpretation and the nature and trigger of dreams. His writings on the therapeutic effect of music on the soul later influenced modern mental health and treatment.","btype":2,"date":"2023","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.4324\/9781003181415-7","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"}],"authors":[{"id":1854,"full_name":"G. Hussein Rassool","role":1},{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5596,"section_of":5595,"pages":"48-55","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5595,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"Foundations of Isl\u0101mic Psychology. From Classical Scholars to Contemporary Thinkers","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2023","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Foundations of Isl\u0101mic Psychology: From Classical Scholars to Contemporary Thinkers examines the history of Isl\u0101mic psychology from the Isl\u0101mic Golden age through the early 21st century, giving a thorough look into Isl\u0101mic psychology\u2019s origins, Isl\u0101mic philosophy and theology, and key developments in Isl\u0101mic psychology.\r\n\r\nIn tracing psychology from its origins in early civilisations, ancient philosophy, and religions to the modern discipline of psychology, this book integrates overarching psychological principles and ideas that have shaped the global history of Isl\u0101mic psychology. 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The Reception of Averroes in Early Scholasticism, 2023
By: Lydia Schumacher
Title The Reception of Averroes in Early Scholasticism
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2023
Published in Human Nature in Early Franciscan Thought. Philosophical Background and Theological Significance
Pages 182-204
Categories Psychology, De anima, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Lydia Schumacher
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This chapter intervenes in a longstanding debate about the origins of a psychological schema that is found in both of John’s works on the soul as well as in the Summa Halensis. This is the distinction between the material intellect, which is connected to the body, on the one hand, and the agent and possible intellects, which are separable from the body, on the other. Some past scholars have traced this scheme to Averroes’ distinction between a corruptible and an incorruptible intellect, while others have pointed out that there is insufficient evidence of Averroes’ influence at this time to support that attribution. The chapter gathers evidence which suggests that the scheme is a Latin scholastic invention which draws primarily on Avicenna and Aristotle rather than Averroes.

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Averroes and the ‘Internal Senses’, 2019
By: Rotraud Hansberger
Title Averroes and the ‘Internal Senses’
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2019
Published in Interpreting Averroes. Critical Essays
Pages 138–157
Categories Avicenna, Natural Philosophy, Psychology
Author(s) Rotraud Hansberger
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
An exploration of Averroes' theory of the internal senses as this emerges from his commentary on the Parva Naturalia. He seeks to resist Avicenna's innovations in psychology on this topic, and return to what he sees as a more authentically Aristotelian position, a task complicated by the fact that he is using a version of the Parva Naturalia that was markedly different from the original Greek text.

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Post Avicennian Philosophy in the Muslim West: Ibn Bâjja, Ibn Rushd and Ibn Khaldûn on Veridical Dreams and Prophecy, 2018
By: Luis Xavier López-Farjeat
Title Post Avicennian Philosophy in the Muslim West: Ibn Bâjja, Ibn Rushd and Ibn Khaldûn on Veridical Dreams and Prophecy
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2018
Published in Islamic Philosophy from the 12th to the 14th Century
Pages 211–230
Categories Ibn Bāǧǧa, Psychology, Aristotle, Transmission
Author(s) Luis Xavier López-Farjeat
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès sauvé par Ockham? Unicité de l’intellect et théologie trinitaire, 2017
By: Jean-Baptiste Brenet
Title Averroès sauvé par Ockham? Unicité de l’intellect et théologie trinitaire
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 2017
Published in Miroir de l'amitié: mélanges offerts à Joel Biard à l'occasion des ses 65 ans
Pages 193–212
Categories Ockham, Theology, De anima, Psychology
Author(s) Jean-Baptiste Brenet
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Active Intellect of Averroes, 2015
By: John Shannon Hendrix
Title The Active Intellect of Averroes
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2015
Published in Unconscious thought in philosophy and psychoanalysis
Pages 105-125
Categories Intellect, Psychology, Aristotle
Author(s) John Shannon Hendrix
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Phantasms of Reason and Shadows of Matter: Averroes’s Notion of the Imagination and Its Renaissance Interpreters, 2013
By: Guido Giglioni
Title Phantasms of Reason and Shadows of Matter: Averroes’s Notion of the Imagination and Its Renaissance Interpreters
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2013
Published in Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe
Pages 173–196
Categories Averroism, Renaissance, Psychology
Author(s) Guido Giglioni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In Averroes’s view of the cosmos, living beings discern, animals imagine, individual human beings cogitate, humankind as a whole thinks, and intellects intuit and understand themselves. In other words, natural operations in living organisms are capable of discriminating between the useful and the harmful, animal nature processes images (intentions is Averroes’s term) from matter, individual men cogitate those images and the human intellect thinks insofar as it is considered a species, i.e., the human species. In this sense, the intellect of the human species thinks the sublunary world as one collective representation of the universe to be further abstracted and processed by higher levels of intellectual activity. A number of Renaissance philosophers, depending on how they interpreted the special relationship between intellects, the material intellect and bodily imaginations, elaborated a series of fascinating solutions in response to Averroes’s challenging view. This chapter focuses on the notion of the imagination – and dream imagination in particular – and intends to demonstrate the important role played by this faculty in unravelling some of the most notorious puzzles of Averroes’s philosophy. As will become clear over the course of this chapter, this role needs to be explored in all its various dimensions (metaphysical, epistemological, cosmological, medical and theologico-political).

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Paul of Venice on the Nature of the Possible Intellect, 2012
By: Fabrizio Amerini

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Some Notes on Averroes’ Appraisal of non-Islamic Religions, with a Focus on Christianity and Judaism, 2012
By: Catarina Belo

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Un’altra critica alla noetica averroista. Francesco della Marca e l’unicità dell’intelletto, 2012
By: Tiziana Suarez-Nani

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'Passio', 'transmutatio', 'receptio'. 'Averroès sur l'analogie de l'intellect et du sens dans le(s) commentaire(s) au De anima d'Aristote, 2006
By: Marc Geoffroy
Title 'Passio', 'transmutatio', 'receptio'. 'Averroès sur l'analogie de l'intellect et du sens dans le(s) commentaire(s) au De anima d'Aristote
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 2006
Published in Écriture et réécriture des textes philosophiques médiévaux. Volume d'hommage offert à Colette Sirat
Pages 137–184
Categories Psychology, De anima
Author(s) Marc Geoffroy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Alberts Seelen- und Intellektlehre, 1981
By: Ingrid Craemer-Ruegenberg
Title Alberts Seelen- und Intellektlehre
Type Book Section
Language German
Date 1981
Published in Albert der Große. Seine Zeit, sein Werk, seine Wirkung
Pages 104–115
Categories Psychology
Author(s) Ingrid Craemer-Ruegenberg
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aquinas's Critique of Averroes' Doctrine of the Unity of the Intellect, 1994
By: Edward P. Mahoney
Title Aquinas's Critique of Averroes' Doctrine of the Unity of the Intellect
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 1994
Published in Thomas Aquinas and His Legacy
Pages 83–106
Categories Psychology, Aquinas
Author(s) Edward P. Mahoney
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Aristotle's Theory of the Intellect and its Interpretation by Averroes, 1981
By: Arthur Hyman
Title Aristotle's Theory of the Intellect and its Interpretation by Averroes
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 1981
Published in Studies in Aristotle
Pages 161–191
Categories Psychology
Author(s) Arthur Hyman
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Avempace - ratio de quiditate. Thomas Aquinas's Critique of an Argument for the Natural Knowability of Separate Substances, 2006
By: David Wirmer
Title Avempace - ratio de quiditate. Thomas Aquinas's Critique of an Argument for the Natural Knowability of Separate Substances
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2006
Published in Wissen über Grenzen. Arabisches Wissen und lateinisches Mittelalter
Pages 569–590
Categories Psychology, Ibn Bāǧǧa, Aquinas
Author(s) David Wirmer
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes and the ‘Internal Senses’, 2019
By: Rotraud Hansberger
Title Averroes and the ‘Internal Senses’
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2019
Published in Interpreting Averroes. Critical Essays
Pages 138–157
Categories Avicenna, Natural Philosophy, Psychology
Author(s) Rotraud Hansberger
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
An exploration of Averroes' theory of the internal senses as this emerges from his commentary on the Parva Naturalia. He seeks to resist Avicenna's innovations in psychology on this topic, and return to what he sees as a more authentically Aristotelian position, a task complicated by the fact that he is using a version of the Parva Naturalia that was markedly different from the original Greek text.

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Averroes on the Spirituality and Intentionality of Sensation, 2011
By: Deborah Louise Black
Title Averroes on the Spirituality and Intentionality of Sensation
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2011
Published in In the Age of Averroes. Arabic Philosophy in the Sixth/Twelfth Century
Pages 159–174
Categories Psychology
Author(s) Deborah Louise Black
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes y Santo Tomás leen a Aristóteles (De Anima), 1999
By: Mariano Brasa Díez
Title Averroes y Santo Tomás leen a Aristóteles (De Anima)
Type Book Section
Language Spanish
Date 1999
Published in Averroes y los averroísmos. Actas del III Congreso nacional de filosofía medieval
Pages 183–191
Categories Psychology, Aquinas, De anima
Author(s) Mariano Brasa Díez
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes y el concepto de ser espiritual en las teorías del conocimiento del siglo XIII, 1999
By: Jorge A. Tellkamp
Title Averroes y el concepto de ser espiritual en las teorías del conocimiento del siglo XIII
Type Book Section
Language Spanish
Date 1999
Published in Averroes y los averroísmos. Actas del III Congreso nacional de filosofía medieval
Pages 231–239
Categories Psychology
Author(s) Jorge A. Tellkamp
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroes' Changing Mind on the Role of the Active Intellect in the Generation of Animate Beings, 2011
By: Gad Freudenthal
Title Averroes' Changing Mind on the Role of the Active Intellect in the Generation of Animate Beings
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2011
Published in La lumière de l'intellect. La pensée scientifique et philosophique d'Averroès dans son temps. Actes du IVe colloque international de la SIHSPAI (Société internationale d'histoire des sciences et de la philosophie arabes et islamiques). Cordoue, 9–12 décembre 1998
Pages 319–328
Categories Natural Philosophy, Psychology
Author(s) Gad Freudenthal
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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