Averroes y su uso de aleyas coránicas, 2013
By: Josep Puig Montada
Title Averroes y su uso de aleyas coránicas
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2013
Journal SVMMA, Revista de Cultures Medievals
Volume 1
Issue 1
Pages 12-22
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Josep Puig Montada
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
El artículo considera el uso que hace Averroes de las citas coránicas en sus obras, y establece diferentes categorías. En la primera se encuentra su obra teológica cuyo título se puede traducir como Los métodos de las pruebas en las doctrinas de la religión, donde las aleyas son la base de estas doctrinas. A la segunda pertenece su comentario medio a la Retórica donde el Corán es citado por ser un modelo literario. La tercera situación es ante todo la de su obra “Tratado definitivo”, la cual tiene forma de dictamen jurídico (fatwâ). La última situación es la de obras filosóficas donde Averroes cita aleyas coránicas para su interpretación de Aristóteles. The article considers how Averroes makes use of Quranic verses in his works and classifies them into different categories. His theological treatise, that can be translated as Disclosure of the Proof Methods Concerning the Principles of Religion, based on Quranic verses, belongs to the first category. Averroes middle commentary on the Aristotelian Rhetoric belongs to the second, in which the Qur’an is quoted as a literary paradigm. In the third category we find his ‘Definitive Treatise’, written in the form of a fatwā or legal response. His philosophical works belong to the last category, in which Averroes makes use of Quranic verses to buttress his interpretation of Aristotle.

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Al-Miklātī, a Twelfth Century Aš’arite Reader of Averroes, 2012
By: Yamina Adouhane, Yamina Adouhane
Title Al-Miklātī, a Twelfth Century Aš’arite Reader of Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 22
Issue 2
Pages 155–197
Categories Proceedings, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, al-Ġazālī
Author(s) Yamina Adouhane , Yamina Adouhane
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The aim of this article is to present a new witness of Averroes' reception in the Muslim world, in the years that immediately followed his death. Indeed Abū al-Ḥağğāğ al-Miklātī (d. 1237) is an Ašʿarite theologian, who was born in Fez. He is the author of a Quintessence of the Intellects in Response to Philosophers on the Science of Principles in which he aims at refuting the Peripatetic philosophers in their own field, using their own weapons. This article will first attempt to draw the portrait of this atypical theologian. It will then focus on showing that al-Miklātī – although he never mentions his name – is a reader of Averroes and in particular, of his Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, of which he makes various and unexpected uses. A close look at these uses will enable us to better define the nature of al-Miklātī's work. More importantly, this article will try to prove that al-Miklātī provides us with a key passage of Averroes' lost treatise On the Prime Mover. At the heart of the Rushdian criticism of Avicenna's “metaphysical” proof, this passage should throw new light on Averroes' precise understanding of this proof.

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Allegorical Interpretation of the Role of Philosophy in the Discourse of Philo and Ibn Rushd, 2012
By: Shuhaimi M. Bin Haji Ishak
Title Allegorical Interpretation of the Role of Philosophy in the Discourse of Philo and Ibn Rushd
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal Al-Masāq
Volume 24
Issue 3
Pages 253–264
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Shuhaimi M. Bin Haji Ishak
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Instead of dismissing traditional mythology and poetry as heresies, Greek philosophy introduced a methodology of understanding known as allegory. Philo of Alexandria (20 BC-50 AD) was one of the first to employ allegory for understanding religious scriptures whose writings survived in the Christian traditions. In the Arab world, the philosopher Ibn Rushd (520-595/1126-1198) initiated the same method of commentary with his demonstration of the essential harmony between philosophy properly understood and scripture properly interpreted. This essay posits that Greek philosophy laid down a common tool for understanding the scriptures that exist in the Christian and Muslim traditions.

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The Judeo-Christian-Islamic Heritage: Philosophical & Theological Perspectives, 2012
By: Richard C. Taylor (Ed.), Irfan A. Omar (Ed.)
Title The Judeo-Christian-Islamic Heritage: Philosophical & Theological Perspectives
Type Edited Book
Language English
Date 2012
Publication Place Milwaukee
Publisher Marquette University Press
Series Marquette Studies in Philosophy
Volume 75
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Transmission
Author(s) Richard C. Taylor , Irfan A. Omar
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Regards d’Ibn Rushd sur al-Juwaynî. Questions de méthodes, 2012
By: Mokdad Arfa Mensia
Title Regards d’Ibn Rushd sur al-Juwaynî. Questions de méthodes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 22
Issue 2
Pages 199–216
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Mokdad Arfa Mensia
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This essay is concerned with the complex relationships between falsafa and kalām. As regards the history of the latter, it has been generally agreed that al-Juwaynī played a decisive role at a moment when Avicennism became intrusive. It is mainly in his al-ʿAqīda al-niẓāmiyya that al-Juwaynī initiated a doctrinal and methodic evolution of Ashʿarism. One necessarily invokes here Ibn Rushd, who, by exposing the dogmas in their literal manifestation in his al-Kashf ʿan manāhij al-adilla fī ʿaqāʾid al-milla, actually sought to operate a systematic refutation of the Ashʿarites' theses. It should be noted, however, that, despite his critical distance, Ibn Rushd nonetheless remained attentive to al-Juwaynī's evolutionary study. In this contribution, some aspects of the major issues in kalām will be examined: the existence of God and the argument of takhṣīṣ (particularization), His unicity (waḥdāniyya) and the argument of mumānaʿa (mutual hindering), as well as human agency with the acknowledgement of man's capacity (qudra) and its role. Albeit limited in scope, the essay attempts to make a more profound evaluation of al-Juwaynī's role at a crucial moment of the history of kalām in its specific development during which the Great Masters have not always been faithful to the classical tenets of their school, but also in its relations with falsafa and its influence on al-Juwaynī, and then and mainly on his disciple al-Ghazālī's theological thought.

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Averroes: On the Harmony of Religion and Philosophy, 2012
By: George F. Hourani
Title Averroes: On the Harmony of Religion and Philosophy
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 2012
Publisher Gibb Memorial Trust
Series Collection of Great Works: Arabic Series / Unesco
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) George F. Hourani
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In this treatise Ibn Rushd (Averroes) sets out to show that the Scriptural Law (shar’) of Islam does not altogether prohibit the study of philosophy by Muslims, but, on the contrary, makes it a duty for a certain class of people, those with the capacity for “demonstrative” or scientific reasoning. Apparent conflicts between the teachings of Scripture and philosophy can be reconciled by allegorical interpretations of Scripture, though such interpretations should not be taught to the common people. Ibn Rushd’s contribution to what was clearly a lively debate in Almovarid Andalusia is here accompanied by extracts from two other relevant works, his Damima and Kitab al-Kashf ‘an Manahij al-Adilla, and all are covered by a full introduction and notes.

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Muʿtazilism in the Age of Averroes, 2011
By: Gregor Schwarb, Gregor Schwarb
Title Muʿtazilism in the Age of Averroes
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2011
Published in In the Age of Averroes. Arabic Philosophy in the Sixth/Twelfth Century
Pages 251–282
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Gregor Schwarb , Gregor Schwarb
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd and the Kalām, 2011
By: Binyamin Abrahamov

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Averroes y su lectura del Corán, 2010
By: Josep Puig Montada
Title Averroes y su lectura del Corán
Type Book Section
Language Spanish
Date 2010
Published in El pensamiento politico en la Edad Media
Pages 611–618
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Josep Puig Montada
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd and his Criticism for Esh’arism, 2010
By: Orhan Atalay
Title Ibn Rushd and his Criticism for Esh’arism
Type Article
Language English
Date 2010
Journal Journal of Islamic Research
Volume 3
Issue 2
Pages 82-97
Categories al-Ġazālī, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Orhan Atalay
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought, 2022
By: Rasoul Namazi
Title Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 2022
Publication Place Cambridge
Publisher Cambridge University Press.
Categories Theology, Politics, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Rasoul Namazi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In this book, Rasoul Namazi offers the first in-depth study of Leo Strauss' writings on Islamic political thought, a topic that interested Strauss over the course of his career. Namazi's volume focuses on several important studies by Strauss on Islamic thought. He critically analyzes Strauss's notes on Averroes' commentary on Plato's Republic and also proposes an interpretation of Strauss' theologico-political notes on the Arabian Nights. Namazi also interprets Strauss' essay on Alfarabi's enigmatic treatise, The Philosophy of Plato and provides a detailed commentary on his complex essay devoted to Alfarabi's summary of Plato's Laws. Based on previously unpublished material from Strauss' papers, Namazi's volume provides new insights into Strauss' reflections on religion, philosophy, and politics, and their relationship to wisdom, persecution, divine law, and unbelief in the works of key Muslim thinkers. His work presents Strauss as one of the most innovative historians and scholars of Islamic thought of all time.

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Muʿtazilism in the Age of Averroes, 2011
By: Gregor Schwarb, Gregor Schwarb
Title Muʿtazilism in the Age of Averroes
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2011
Published in In the Age of Averroes. Arabic Philosophy in the Sixth/Twelfth Century
Pages 251–282
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Gregor Schwarb , Gregor Schwarb
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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On Averroes’s Use of Logical Methods in Defense of Philosophy, 2019
By: David M. DiPasquale
Title On Averroes’s Use of Logical Methods in Defense of Philosophy
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2019
Published in The Pilgrimage of Philosophy. A Festschrift for Charles E. Butterworth
Pages 175–205
Categories Logic, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) David M. DiPasquale
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Philosophy Incarnate. Ibn Rushd’s “Almohadism” and the Problem of God’s Omniscience, 2017
By: Matteo Di Giovanni
Title Philosophy Incarnate. Ibn Rushd’s “Almohadism” and the Problem of God’s Omniscience
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2017
Published in La filosofia medievale tra antichità ed età moderna. Saggi in Memoria di Francesco Del Punta
Pages 139–162
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Matteo Di Giovanni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Philosophy and Religion in the Political Thought of Alfarabi, 2023
By: Ishraq Ali
Title Philosophy and Religion in the Political Thought of Alfarabi
Type Article
Language English
Date 2023
Journal Religions
Volume 14
Issue 7
Pages 908-917
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, al-Fārābī, Politics
Author(s) Ishraq Ali
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Philosophy and religion were the two important sources of knowledge for medieval Arab Muslim polymaths. Owing to the difference between the nature of philosophy and religion, the interplay between philosophy and religion often takes the form of conflict in medieval Muslim thought as exemplified by the Al-Ghazali versus Averroes (Ibn Rusd) polemic. Unlike the Al-Ghazali versus Averroes (Ibn Rushd) polemic, the interplay between philosophy and religion in the political philosophy of Abu Nasr Alfarabi takes the form of harmonious co-existence. Although, for Alfarabi, religion is an inferior form of knowledge as compared to philosophy, the present article will show that philosophy and religion play equally significant roles in Alfarabi’s virtuous city and that in the absence of either philosophy or religion, the political system proposed by Alfarabi cannot exist.

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Philosophy and the Metaphorical Interpretation of Religious Texts in Averroes, Maimonides, and Aquinas, 2019
By: Francisco J. Romero Carrasquillo
Title Philosophy and the Metaphorical Interpretation of Religious Texts in Averroes, Maimonides, and Aquinas
Type Article
Language English
Date 2019
Journal The Muslim World
Volume 109
Issue 4
Pages 627–647
Categories Maimonides, Thomas, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Francisco J. Romero Carrasquillo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Philosophy before the Law. Averroës's Decisive Treatise, 2006
By: Daniel Heller-Roazen
Title Philosophy before the Law. Averroës's Decisive Treatise
Type Article
Language English
Date 2006
Journal Critical Inquiry
Volume 32
Issue 3
Pages 412–442
Categories Theology, Law, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Daniel Heller-Roazen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Qur'anic Interpretation and the Problem of Literalism: Ibn Rushd and the Enlightenment Project in the Islamic World, 2015
By: Chryssi Sidiropoulou
Title Qur'anic Interpretation and the Problem of Literalism: Ibn Rushd and the Enlightenment Project in the Islamic World
Type Article
Language English
Date 2015
Journal Religions
Volume 6
Issue 3
Pages 1082–1106
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Chryssi Sidiropoulou
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Razones y argumentos: Una relectura del "faṣl al-maqāl" de Averroes, 2014
By: Luis Xavier López-Farjeat
Title Razones y argumentos: Una relectura del "faṣl al-maqāl" de Averroes
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2014
Journal Estudios de Asia y Africa
Volume 49
Issue Nr. 1 (153)
Pages 99-133
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Epistemology
Author(s) Luis Xavier López-Farjeat
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Un tema controvertido en el pensamiento de Averroes es la relación entre filosofía y religión. Averroes se ocupa de ella de manera sumamente original en el Faṣl al-maqāl. En este artículo propondré una ruta de interpretación ligeramente distinta de la que otros intérpretes de este tratado han aportado. Sostendré que puede ser leído como un tratado de argumentación donde Averroes se ocupa no únicamente de mostrar la armonía entre la ley religiosa y la filosofía, sino también de esbozar una teoría de la argumentación sumamente flexible que le sirve para definir el estatuto epistémico de las creencias religiosas. A controversial matter in Averroes' thought is the relationship between philosophy and religion. Averroes deals with this issue in an original fashion within the text of Faṣl al-maqāl. In this paper I propose a slightly different interpretation from that of other interpreters of this treatise. I argue that it can be read as a treatise on argumentation where Averroes not only proves the harmony between religious law and philosophy, but also outlines an extremely flexible theory of argumentation which serves to define the epistemic status of religious beliefs.

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Regards d’Ibn Rushd sur al-Juwaynî. Questions de méthodes, 2012
By: Mokdad Arfa Mensia
Title Regards d’Ibn Rushd sur al-Juwaynî. Questions de méthodes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 22
Issue 2
Pages 199–216
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Mokdad Arfa Mensia
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This essay is concerned with the complex relationships between falsafa and kalām. As regards the history of the latter, it has been generally agreed that al-Juwaynī played a decisive role at a moment when Avicennism became intrusive. It is mainly in his al-ʿAqīda al-niẓāmiyya that al-Juwaynī initiated a doctrinal and methodic evolution of Ashʿarism. One necessarily invokes here Ibn Rushd, who, by exposing the dogmas in their literal manifestation in his al-Kashf ʿan manāhij al-adilla fī ʿaqāʾid al-milla, actually sought to operate a systematic refutation of the Ashʿarites' theses. It should be noted, however, that, despite his critical distance, Ibn Rushd nonetheless remained attentive to al-Juwaynī's evolutionary study. In this contribution, some aspects of the major issues in kalām will be examined: the existence of God and the argument of takhṣīṣ (particularization), His unicity (waḥdāniyya) and the argument of mumānaʿa (mutual hindering), as well as human agency with the acknowledgement of man's capacity (qudra) and its role. Albeit limited in scope, the essay attempts to make a more profound evaluation of al-Juwaynī's role at a crucial moment of the history of kalām in its specific development during which the Great Masters have not always been faithful to the classical tenets of their school, but also in its relations with falsafa and its influence on al-Juwaynī, and then and mainly on his disciple al-Ghazālī's theological thought.

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