Category
Qur'anic Interpretation and the Problem of Literalism: Ibn Rushd and the Enlightenment Project in the Islamic World, 2015
By: Chryssi Sidiropoulou
Title Qur'anic Interpretation and the Problem of Literalism: Ibn Rushd and the Enlightenment Project in the Islamic World
Type Article
Language English
Date 2015
Journal Religions
Volume 6
Issue 3
Pages 1082–1106
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Chryssi Sidiropoulou
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The heritage of Arabo-Islamic learning: studies presented to Wadad Kadi, 2015
By: Maurice A. Pomerantz (Ed.), Aram A. Shahin (Ed.)
Title The heritage of Arabo-Islamic learning: studies presented to Wadad Kadi
Type Edited Book
Language English
Date 2015
Publication Place Leiden, Boston
Publisher Brill
Series Islamic History and Civilization
Volume 122
Categories Surveys, Theology, Law
Author(s) Maurice A. Pomerantz , Aram A. Shahin
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The Arabo-Islamic heritage of the Islam is among the richest, most diverse, and longest-lasting literary traditions in the world. Born from a culture and religion that valued teaching, Arabo-Islamic learning spread from the seventh century and has had a lasting impact until the present.In The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning leading scholars around the world present twenty-five studies explore diverse areas of Arabo-Islamic heritage in honor of a renowned scholar and teacher, Dr. Wadad A. Kadi (Prof. Emerita, University of Chicago). The volume includes contributions in three main areas: History, Institutions, and the Use of Documentary Sources; Religion, Law, and Islamic Thought; Language, Literature, and Heritage which reflect Prof. Kadi’s contributions to the field.

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Le Kitāb al-kašf ʿan manāhiǧ al-adilla d'Averroès: Les Phases de la rédaction dans les discours sur l'existence de dieu et sur la direction, d'après l'original arabe et la traduction hébraïque, 2015
By: Silvia Di Donato
Title Le Kitāb al-kašf ʿan manāhiǧ al-adilla d'Averroès: Les Phases de la rédaction dans les discours sur l'existence de dieu et sur la direction, d'après l'original arabe et la traduction hébraïque
Type Article
Language French
Date 2015
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosopy
Volume 25
Issue 1
Pages 105–133
Categories Theology, Transmission
Author(s) Silvia Di Donato
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The extant manuscript tradition of the Kitāb al-Kašf provides evidences of three phases of redaction and revision of the treatise. This study aims to illustrate the relations between the two Arabic versions and the anonymous fourteenth century Hebrew translation, taking into account the additions and modifications that differentiate them. I conclude that the Hebrew translation represents an intermediate stage of reworking, attesting important additions to the text as well as philosophical changes, especially in arguments concerning the creation of the world at the beginning of the treatise. However, it precedes the next revision phase of the text, which leaded to the modifications of the last Arabic version, in the chapters dealing with the thorny questions of divine corporeality and direction. The analysis of additions and arguments in the matter of content, context and reasoning helps to understand the redaction phases' history and the way the treatise was transmitted.

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A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century, 2015
By: Ali Ghorbani, Fath ali Akbari
Title A Comparative study of the theory of dual reality from the perspective of Averroes, followers of Averroes and the church of the thirteenth century
Type Article
Language Persian
Date 2015
Journal Comparative Theology
Volume 5
Issue 12
Pages 69-84
Categories Epistemology, Averroism, Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Ali Ghorbani , Fath ali Akbari
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In the thirteenth century, along with the return of the European thinkers and philosophers to Aristotelian philosophy and the emergence of the contradiction between Aristotle's philosophy and Christian teachings and religious beliefs, the church put forward a theory known as dual reality. According to this theory everything that is true in theology, its opposite can also be true in philosophy. With this theory, the church accused the philosophers of heresy, while the followers of Averroes considered themselves free of this charge. In his book Faṣl al-maqāl, Averroes appeared to be in favor of the above mentioned theory in a different form. By a precise analysis of the theory through reviewing the now available sources and considering the events followed by attributing this view to the philosophers, one can infer different implications from the theory from the perspective of each of the three sides involved (i.e. Averroes, followers of Averroes and church) and the following division can be sketched: 1- ontological implications: that is to believe in the existence of two types of realities in the universe which can be described in two ways: A) two contradictory scopes in the universe B) two distinct scopes in the universe. 2- Epistemological implications of the dual reality: A) Two ways to reach one reality. B) Two dictions to narrate one reality. C) Duality of the reality in practice. D) Two levels of one single reality. By analyzing each of these implications of the dual reality, one can be led to some consequences according to which based on different works of Averroes he cannot be accused of believing in a kind of duality which makes him deserve heresy.

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ملامح من إلهيات ابن رشد : بحث في طبيعة تصور ابن رشد لله, 2014
By: Ramaḍān Bin Manṣūr
Title ملامح من إلهيات ابن رشد : بحث في طبيعة تصور ابن رشد لله
Transcription Malāmiḥ min ilāhiyāt Ibn Rushd : bahth fī ṭabīʻat taṣawwur Ibn Rushd lillāh
Type Monograph
Language Arabic
Date 2014
Publication Place Tunis
Publisher dar saḥar lilnašr
Categories Theology
Author(s) Ramaḍān Bin Manṣūr
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Une lecture personnelle d’Averroès, 2014
By: Fouad Laroui
Title Une lecture personnelle d’Averroès
Type Monograph
Language French
Date 2014
Publication Place Avignon
Publisher Editions Universitaires d’Avignon
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology, Science
Author(s) Fouad Laroui
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Les mille et un talents de Fouad Laroui le ramènent aux sources de la pensée arabe. Au XIIe siècle, alors que l'Andalousie et le Maghreb connaissent une période troublée, un immense philosophe, Ibn Roshd (Averroès pour l'Occident), se pose des questions qui sont plus que jamais d'actualité. A-t-on le droit, en Islam, de faire de la philosophie, de conduire des recherches scientifiques ? Faut-il réinterpréter le Coran à la lumière des découvertes scientifiques ? Qui, de la science ou du Livre, a la priorité ? Les réponses d'Ibn Roshd sont étonnamment modernes. Fouad Laroui livre ici sa lecture d'Ibn Roshd, qui le conduit à une vision humaniste et apaisée des rapports entre foi et raison.

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Il problema dell’origine del mondo in Maimonide e in Averroè, 2014
By: Carmela Baffioni
Title Il problema dell’origine del mondo in Maimonide e in Averroè
Type Book Section
Language Italian
Date 2014
Published in Storia e pensiero reigioso nel Vicino Oriente
Pages 111–139
Categories Maimonides, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Carmela Baffioni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Talking about God, 2013
By: Mehmet Ata Az
Title Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Talking about God
Type Article
Language English
Date 2013
Journal Ilahiyat Studies
Volume 4
Issue 2
Pages 149-181
Categories Thomas, Theology
Author(s) Mehmet Ata Az
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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La pensée libre d'Averroès, 2013
By: Angèle Kremer Marietti
Title La pensée libre d'Averroès
Type Article
Language French
Date 2013
Journal Analecta Husserliana
Volume 114
Pages 371-382
Categories Law, Theology
Author(s) Angèle Kremer Marietti
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
With “La pensée libre d’Averroès”, I wished to join the important themes of Philosophy and Religion as they are joined in Averroès’ thought, against the most conservative elements within Muslim societies, which disliked what appeared to be non-Muslim influences. Ibn Rushd (Averroès) wanted to encourage the study of philosophy, because he was sensitive to the increasing tensions that led to his banishment. Though written before his exile his DECISIVE TREATISE provides a defence for philosophers charged with unbelief. Therefore I took an interest in four approaches to Ibn Rusch’s free thought. The first one was the distinction and relation between revelation and philosophy. Ibn Rushd’s Decisive Treatise begins with the contention that Law commands the study of philosophy. Ibn Rushd based on some Quranic verses, such as “Reflect, you have a vision” (59.2) and “they give thought to the creation of heaven and earth” (3:191), that command human intellectual reflection upon God and his creation. Such obligation exists in religion, then a person who has the capacity of “natural intelligence” and “religious integrity” must begin to study philosophy. Averroès thought that philosophy could enlighten revelation, when this last might be difficult to be understood for human minds. The second point I treat is Averroès’s thought that written Law (scripture, in e. Qur’an) and spoken law could be complementary each other. The Law speaks of three ways for humans to discover truth and interpret scripture: the demonstrative, the dialectical and the rhetorical. Therefore there are philosophers, theologians and the common masses. Ibn Rushd thought that demonstrative truth cannot conflict with scripture, because God gave various meanings and interpretations. Besides, the early Muslim community affirmed that scripture had both an apparent meaning and an inner meaning. Also, if it occurs that there is no consensus about a particular passage, its meaning is free for interpretation. My third point concerns the precise analysis of what is letter and what is spirit or “sense” -as the contemporary philosophers ans phenomenologues think now- on the real meaning of this letter: the sense or the way that the letter must be understood. Finally may be joined the way of right thinking, or what could be the special form of procedure with its results. In the fourth point, I refer to another treatise, on the doctrine of God known as the EXPOSITION OF THE METHODS OF PROOF CONCERNING THE BELIEFS OF THE COMMUNITY. Ibn Rushd then wanted to examine the religious doctrines that are held by the public and to determine if any of the many doctrines expounded by the different sects were the intention of the “lawgiver”. Meanwhile, he identified sects that have distorted the scriptures and developed innovative doctrines not compatible with Islam. Some arguments are examined: the first is the argument of Providence, in which one can observe that everything in the universe serves the purpose of humanity. The second is the argument of invention of plants and animals. Then he tried to explain the nature and attributes of God.

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Understanding the Qur’anic Miracle Stories in the Modern Age (Signifying [on] Scriptures), 2013
By: Isra Yazicioglu
Title Understanding the Qur’anic Miracle Stories in the Modern Age (Signifying [on] Scriptures)
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 2013
Publication Place University Park, Pennsylvania
Publisher The Pennsylvania State University Press
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, al-Ġazālī
Author(s) Isra Yazicioglu
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Understanding the Qurʾanic Miracle Stories in the Modern Age explores the ways in which meaningful implications have been drawn from stories of miracles in the Qurʾan. Isra Yazicioglu describes the fascinating medieval Muslim debate over miracles and connects its insights with early and late modern turning points in Western thought and with contemporary Qurʾanic interpretation. Building on an apparent tension within the Qurʾan and analyzing crucial cases of classical and modern Muslim engagement with these miracle stories, she illustrates how an apparent site of conflict between faith and reason, or revelation and science, can lead to fruitful exchange. A distinctive contribution to a new trend in Qurʾanic studies, this volume reveals the presence of insightful Qurʾanic interpretation outside of the traditional line-by-line commentary genre, engaging with the works of Ghazali, Ibn Rushd, and Said Nursi. Scholars of Islam, philosophy, and the intersection of science and religion will especially want to engage with Yazicioglu’s study.

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Ibn Rushd et les théologiens arabes chrétiens, 2002
By: R. Khoury
Title Ibn Rushd et les théologiens arabes chrétiens
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 2002
Published in Averroes (1126–1198) oder der Triumph des Rationalismus. Internationales Symposium anlässlich des 800. Todestages des islamischen Philosophen. Heidelberg, 7.-11. Oktober 1998
Pages 255–281
Categories Theology
Author(s) R. Khoury
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd on reconciliation: between philosophy and religion, 2006
By: Khawaja Muhammad Saeed
Title Ibn Rushd on reconciliation: between philosophy and religion
Type Article
Language English
Date 2006
Journal Aligarh journal of Islamic philosophy
Volume 12
Pages 13-30
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology
Author(s) Khawaja Muhammad Saeed
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Rushd/Averroes and "Islamic" Rationalism, 2009
By: Richard C. Taylor
Title Ibn Rushd/Averroes and "Islamic" Rationalism
Type Article
Language English
Date 2009
Journal Medieval EncountersAl-Andalus, Sepharad and Medievela Iberia. Cultural Contact and Diffusion
Volume 15
Issue 2
Pages 225–235
Categories Metaphysics, Theology
Author(s) Richard C. Taylor
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The classical rationalist philosophical tradition in Arabic reached its culmination in the writings of the twelfth-century Andalusian Averroes whose translated commentaries on Aristotle conveyed to the Latin West a rationalist approach which significantly challenged and affected theological and philosophical thinking in that Christian context. That methodology is shown at work in his Fasl al-Maqāl or Book of the Distinction of Discourse and the Establishment of the Relation of Religious Law and Philosophy (c. 1280), although the deeply philosophical character of his subtle arguments has gone largely unappreciated. Here the philosophical foundations for his reasoning are exposed to reveal key elements of his rationalism. That approach is confirmed in his assertion in his later Long Commentary on the Metaphysics (c. 1290) that the highest worship of God is to be found first and foremost in the philosophical science of metaphysics rather than in the rituals of religion.

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Ibn Rušd et la théologie almohadiste. Une version inconnue du Kitāb al-Kašf ʿan manāhiǧ al-adilla dans deux manuscrits d'Istanbul, 2001
By: Marc Geoffroy
Title Ibn Rušd et la théologie almohadiste. Une version inconnue du Kitāb al-Kašf ʿan manāhiǧ al-adilla dans deux manuscrits d'Istanbul
Type Article
Language French
Date 2001
Journal Medioevo. Rivista di storia della filosofia medievale
Volume 26
Pages 327–351
Categories Theology
Author(s) Marc Geoffroy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Ibn Taymiyya’s Use of Ibn Rushd to Refute the Incorporealism of Fakhr al-Dîn al-Râzî, 2018
By: Jon Hoover
Title Ibn Taymiyya’s Use of Ibn Rushd to Refute the Incorporealism of Fakhr al-Dîn al-Râzî
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2018
Published in Islamic Philosophy from the 12th to the 14th Century
Pages 469–492
Categories Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Jon Hoover
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Il Dio artefice, Sāni'. E il primo motore di metafisica nella dottrina teologica d'Averroè, 2007
Title Il Dio artefice, Sāni'. E il primo motore di metafisica nella dottrina teologica d'Averroè
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2007
Journal Medioevo
Volume 32
Pages 119–138
Categories Metaphysics, Theology
Author(s) no authors
Publisher(s) no authors
Translator(s) no authors

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Il Kašf ʿan manāhiğ di Averroè. Confronto fra la versione di Abraham De Balmes e le citazioni di Calo Calonimo nel De mundi creatione, 2004
By: Silvia Di Donato
Title Il Kašf ʿan manāhiğ di Averroè. Confronto fra la versione di Abraham De Balmes e le citazioni di Calo Calonimo nel De mundi creatione
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2004
Journal Materia Giudaica
Volume 9
Issue 1–2
Pages 241–248
Categories Law, Theology
Author(s) Silvia Di Donato
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Il libro Epsilon della Metafisica di Aristotele nell’Epitome di Aevrroè (1126-1198), 2017
By: Carmela Baffioni
Title Il libro Epsilon della Metafisica di Aristotele nell’Epitome di Aevrroè (1126-1198)
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2017
Journal Bulletin de Philosophie Médiévale
Volume 59
Pages 33–56
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Theology, Commentary
Author(s) Carmela Baffioni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article deals with Averroes’s interpretation of Metaph. Ε 1, where Aristotle discusses the nature and object of metaphysics, as well as its place in the hierarchy of sciences. Among Averroes’s predecessors, al-Kindī seems to see a coincidence between metaphysics and theology, since God can be described as the “first cause of everything”. However, al-Fārābī and Avicenna discovered that “first philosophy” could be conceived as an ontology distinct from theology; moreover, they considered theology to be only a part of metaphysics, not even the most important one. In the Great Commentary on Metaphysics - where the Arabic translation of the work by the Jacobite monk Usṭāth is quoted, Averroes often just paraphrases the original passages. One may infer that theology in the strict sense is merely mentioned by way of example. In the Epitome of Metaphysics, the objects of metaphysics are “general” ones; metaphysics studies the “absolute being” and cannot be identified with theology as “pertaining to God”.

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Il problema dell’origine del mondo in Maimonide e in Averroè, 2014
By: Carmela Baffioni
Title Il problema dell’origine del mondo in Maimonide e in Averroè
Type Book Section
Language Italian
Date 2014
Published in Storia e pensiero reigioso nel Vicino Oriente
Pages 111–139
Categories Maimonides, Theology, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Carmela Baffioni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Islam and Rationality: The Impact of al-Ghazâlî. Papers Collected on His 900th Anniversary Vol. 1, 2015
By: Georges Tamer (Ed.)
Title Islam and Rationality: The Impact of al-Ghazâlî. Papers Collected on His 900th Anniversary Vol. 1
Type Edited Book
Language English
Date 2015
Publication Place Leiden, Boston
Publisher Brill
Series Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies
Volume 94
Categories al-Ġazālī, Theology, Tradition and Reception, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Georges Tamer
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This volume offers an account of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111) as a rational theologian who created a symbiosis of philosophy and theology and infused rationality into Sufism. The majority of the papers herein deal with important topics of al-Ghazālī’s work, which demonstrate his rational treatment of the Qurʾān and major subjects of Islamic theology and everyday life of Muslims. Some other contributions address al-Ghazālī’s sources and how his intellectual endeavors were later received by scholars who had the same concern of reconciling religion and rationality within Islam, Christianity and Judaism. With contributions by Binyamin Abrahamov, Hans Daiber, Ken Garden, Avner Giladi, Scott Girdner, Frank Griffel, Steven Harvey, Alfred Ivry, Jules Janssens, Taneli Kukkonen, Luis Xavier López-Farjeat, Wilferd Madelung, Yahya M. Michot, Yasien Mohamed, Eric Ormsby, M. Sait Özervarlı, and Hidemi Takahashi.

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