| Title | The Importance of History and Perspective in Understanding Mediæval Philosophy: The Case of Maimonides’ Response to the Question of Eternity |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2023 |
| Journal | The Maghreb Review |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 289-307 |
| Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Maimonides, al-Ġazālī |
| Author(s) | S. M. Hadi Gerami |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The study aims to show how taking history and perspective into consideration could help in understanding mediæval philosophy. To that end, in spite of a philosophical assumption which usually considers that there is no connection between eternity and creation, the paper assumes that Maimonides planned to establish a distinct response which was neither creation nor eternity. Investigating Maimonides’ perspective will be approached in two ways. Firstly, through the distinction between Maimonides, on one hand and theologians and philosophers on the other will be discussed from an intellectual point of view. Al-Ghazālī will be compared to Maimonides to show that, despite initial impressions, they differ substantially from each other on this issue. It will also be shown how Maimonides differentiated his discourse from that of the Greek philosophers. It will firstly be shown here that Maimonides’ response to the question of eternity adopts a different position from that of the classical theologians and the ancient philosophers. Secondly, the historicity of Maimonides’ discourse, or whether anyone else shared Maimonides’ conciliatory approach, will be examined. It will be shown that Averroes has the highest affinity with Maimonides in this regard. This will result in recognition of the fact that Maimonides’ “conciliatory approach” was shared with some other mediæval philosophers such as Averroes. Ultimately, it will be explained how Maimonides’ complicated concept of eternity can be better understood and justified if one takes perspective and historical discourse into consideration, showing that he was someone who tried to incorporate “conciliatory discourse” into mediæval philosophy. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5604","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5604,"authors_free":[{"id":6505,"entry_id":5604,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"S. M. Hadi Gerami","free_first_name":"S. M. Hadi ","free_last_name":" Gerami","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"The Importance of History and Perspective in Understanding Medi\u00e6val Philosophy: The Case of Maimonides\u2019 Response to the Question of Eternity","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Importance of History and Perspective in Understanding Medi\u00e6val Philosophy: The Case of Maimonides\u2019 Response to the Question of Eternity"},"abstract":"The study aims to show how taking history and perspective into consideration could help in understanding medi\u00e6val philosophy. To that end, in spite of a philosophical assumption which usually considers that there is no connection between eternity and creation, the paper assumes that Maimonides planned to establish a distinct response which was neither creation nor eternity. Investigating Maimonides\u2019 perspective will be approached in two ways. Firstly, through the distinction between Maimonides, on one hand and theologians and philosophers on the other will be discussed from an intellectual point of view. Al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b will be compared to Maimonides to show that, despite initial impressions, they differ substantially from each other on this issue. It will also be shown how Maimonides differentiated his discourse from that of the Greek philosophers. It will firstly be shown here that Maimonides\u2019 response to the question of eternity adopts a different position from that of the classical theologians and the ancient philosophers. Secondly, the historicity of Maimonides\u2019 discourse, or whether anyone else shared Maimonides\u2019 conciliatory approach, will be examined. It will be shown that Averroes has the highest affinity with Maimonides in this regard. This will result in recognition of the fact that Maimonides\u2019 \u201cconciliatory approach\u201d was shared with some other medi\u00e6val philosophers such as Averroes. Ultimately, it will be explained how Maimonides\u2019 complicated concept of eternity can be better understood and justified if one takes perspective and historical discourse into consideration, showing that he was someone who tried to incorporate \u201cconciliatory discourse\u201d into medi\u00e6val philosophy.","btype":3,"date":"2023","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1353\/tmr.2015.0029","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":9,"category_name":"Maimonides","link":"bib?categories[]=Maimonides"},{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5604,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"The Maghreb Review","volume":"40","issue":"3","pages":"289-307"}},"sort":[2023]}
| Title | Foundations of Islāmic Psychology. From Classical Scholars to Contemporary Thinkers |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2023 |
| Publication Place | London |
| Publisher | Routledge |
| Categories | Psychology, al-Ġazālī, al-Kindī, Avicenna |
| Author(s) | G. Hussein Rassool , Mugheera M. Luqman |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Foundations of Islāmic Psychology: From Classical Scholars to Contemporary Thinkers examines the history of Islāmic psychology from the Islāmic Golden age through the early 21st century, giving a thorough look into Islāmic psychology’s origins, Islāmic philosophy and theology, and key developments in Islāmic psychology. In tracing psychology from its origins in early civilisations, ancient philosophy, and religions to the modern discipline of psychology, this book integrates overarching psychological principles and ideas that have shaped the global history of Islāmic psychology. It examines the legacy of psychology from an Islāmic perspective, looking at the contributions of early Islāmic classical scholars and contemporary psychologists, and to introduce how the history of Islāmic philosophy and sciences has contributed to the development of classical and modern Islāmic psychology from its founding to the present. With each chapter covering a key thinker or moment, and also covering the globalisation of psychology, the Islāmisation of knowledge, and the decolonisation of psychology, the work critically evaluates the effects of the globalisation of psychology and its lasting impact on indigenous culture. This book aims to engage and inspire students taking undergraduate and graduate courses on Islāmic psychology, to recognise the power of history in the academic studies of Islāmic psychology, to connect history to the present and the future, and to think critically. It is also ideal reading for researchers and those undertaking continuing professional development in Islāmic psychology, psychotherapy, and counselling. |
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| Title | Investigating the Influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the Issue of Interpretation of Religious Texts |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Arabic |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | Comparative Theology |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 27 |
| Pages | 1-16 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Influence, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | Abuzar Rajabi , Morsal Azizi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Islamic thinkers do not think alike about understanding similar verses and the issue of the appearance and interiority of verses, and sometimes there are fundamental differences between them. Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd are in favor of using the method of interpretation in understanding similar verses and considering the way of escaping from the challenge and conflict of appearance and the inner self using the approach of interpretation. Ibn Rushd was famous for opposing Al-Ghazali and writing the book Tahaft Al-Tahaft in his critique of Tahaft al-Ghazali philosophers. Despite the criticisms, he is influenced by Al-Ghazali in some cases, and especially in the matter of interpretation. Al-Ghazali has two approaches encountering the problem of interpretation in two intellectual periods, in both of which he has been able to provide a new model by presenting a special approach in interpretation so that others can take a step in this direction and achieve a methodical understanding of religious texts. He has benefited a lot from this research model in understanding Ibn Rushd's text. According to the research findings, Ibn Rushd was influenced by Ghazali both in the nature of interpretation and in the reasoning and necessity of accepting it, as well as in the means of approaching interpretation. In the present descriptive-analytical study, the influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the issue of interpretation has been investigated.Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd are both advocates of using the method of interpretation in understanding the text. Although Ghazali is one of the Ash'arite theologians, in the matter of interpretation in both intellectual periods, he distances himself from thinkers such as Abul Hassan Ash'ari, Baqalani, and Jovini and accepts the methodical interpretation in understanding many verses of the Holy Qur'an. Methodology and adherence to a disciplined mechanism in interpretation are the characteristics of using this method by Al-Ghazali.Ibn Al-Rushd, like Al-Ghazali, does not see a conflict between the outward and inward meaning of the verses of the Holy Qur'an. Interpretation is a method that philosophers have the right to use in understanding the Holy Qur'an. Although this method raised serious objections to Al-Ghazali, it is influenced by Al-Ghazali’s interpretation. Ibn Al-Rushd mentions Al-Ghazali in many cases and considers Ghazali's method in this regard to be correct. He speaks about the nature of interpretation, the necessity of paying attention to it, its types and varieties, the division of the audience of revelation, and the permission and impermissibility of interpretation like Al-Ghazali. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5766","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5766,"authors_free":[{"id":6678,"entry_id":5766,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Abuzar Rajabi","free_first_name":"Abuzar ","free_last_name":"Rajabi","norm_person":null},{"id":6679,"entry_id":5766,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Morsal Azizi","free_first_name":"Morsal ","free_last_name":"Azizi","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Investigating the Influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the Issue of Interpretation of Religious Texts","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Investigating the Influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the Issue of Interpretation of Religious Texts"},"abstract":"Islamic thinkers do not think alike about understanding similar verses and the issue of the appearance and interiority of verses, and sometimes there are fundamental differences between them. Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd are in favor of using the method of interpretation in understanding similar verses and considering the way of escaping from the challenge and conflict of appearance and the inner self using the approach of interpretation. Ibn Rushd was famous for opposing Al-Ghazali and writing the book Tahaft Al-Tahaft in his critique of Tahaft al-Ghazali philosophers. Despite the criticisms, he is influenced by Al-Ghazali in some cases, and especially in the matter of interpretation. Al-Ghazali has two approaches encountering the problem of interpretation in two intellectual periods, in both of which he has been able to provide a new model by presenting a special approach in interpretation so that others can take a step in this direction and achieve a methodical understanding of religious texts. He has benefited a lot from this research model in understanding Ibn Rushd's text. According to the research findings, Ibn Rushd was influenced by Ghazali both in the nature of interpretation and in the reasoning and necessity of accepting it, as well as in the means of approaching interpretation. In the present descriptive-analytical study, the influence of Ibn Rushd from Ghazali on the issue of interpretation has been investigated.Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd are both advocates of using the method of interpretation in understanding the text. Although Ghazali is one of the Ash'arite theologians, in the matter of interpretation in both intellectual periods, he distances himself from thinkers such as Abul Hassan Ash'ari, Baqalani, and Jovini and accepts the methodical interpretation in understanding many verses of the Holy Qur'an. Methodology and adherence to a disciplined mechanism in interpretation are the characteristics of using this method by Al-Ghazali.Ibn Al-Rushd, like Al-Ghazali, does not see a conflict between the outward and inward meaning of the verses of the Holy Qur'an. Interpretation is a method that philosophers have the right to use in understanding the Holy Qur'an. Although this method raised serious objections to Al-Ghazali, it is influenced by Al-Ghazali\u2019s interpretation. Ibn Al-Rushd mentions Al-Ghazali in many cases and considers Ghazali's method in this regard to be correct. He speaks about the nature of interpretation, the necessity of paying attention to it, its types and varieties, the division of the audience of revelation, and the permission and impermissibility of interpretation like Al-Ghazali.","btype":3,"date":"2022","language":"Arabic","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.22108\/coth.2022.131221.1658","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5766,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Comparative Theology","volume":"13","issue":"27","pages":"1-16"}},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Averroës' Takfir of al-Ghazālī: Ta'wīl and Causal Kufr |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | American journal of Islam and society |
| Volume | 38 |
| Issue | 1/2 |
| Pages | 60-92 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology |
| Author(s) | Saja Parvizian |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Al-Ghazālı̄ famously claims in the Incoherence of the Philosophers that al-Fārābī and Avicenna are unbelievers because they hold philosophical positions that conflict with Islam. What is less well-known, however, is that Averroës claims in the Decisive Treatise that al-Fārābī and Avicenna are not unbelievers; rather, al-Ghazālı̄ is the true unbeliever for writing the Incoherence of the Philosophers. In this paper, my aim is to present a sustained reconstruction of Averroës’ legal and philosophical argument for why al-Ghazālı̄ is an unbeliever. The crux of Averroës’ argument is that al-Ghazālı̄ has expressed false allegorical interpretations of scripture to unqualified persons, which has caused them to fall into unbelief. By being causally responsible for other people’s unbelief, al-Ghazālı̄ is an unbeliever as well. |
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{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5055","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5055,"authors_free":[{"id":5805,"entry_id":5055,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Musab Tezci","free_first_name":"Musab","free_last_name":"Tezci","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Die Notwendigkeit der Kausalit\u00e4t. Vergleich zweier Diskurse","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Die Notwendigkeit der Kausalit\u00e4t. Vergleich zweier Diskurse"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2021","language":"German","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":61,"category_name":"Kant","link":"bib?categories[]=Kant"},{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5055,"section_of":5033,"pages":"104\u2013144","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5033,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"falsafa","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2021","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Die dritte Ausgabe der Publikation falsafa. Jahrbuch f\u00fcr islamische Religionsphilosophie widmet sich in besonderer Weise dem Themenverh\u00e4ltnis Religion und Aufkl\u00e4rung. Dabei wird nicht nur das Verh\u00e4ltnis zwischen Islam und Aufkl\u00e4rung in den Blick genommen, sondern auch die Frage der Aufkl\u00e4rung und Religion in historischer, \u00e4sthetischer, ph\u00e4nomenologischer, erkenntnistheoretischer und existenzphilosophischer Hinsicht n\u00e4her diskutiert. ","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5033,"pubplace":"Freiburg, M\u00fcnchen","publisher":"Verlag Karl Alber","series":"Jahrbuch f\u00fcr islamische Religionsphilosophie \/ Yearbook for Islamic Philosophy of Religion","volume":"3","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | Relation as Key to God’s Knowledge of Particulars in the Tahāfut al- tahāfut and the Damīma: A Cross-talk between Averroes, al-Ghazālī and Avicenna |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Arabic Sciences and Philosophy |
| Volume | 20 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 1–26 |
| Categories | Avicenna, al-Ġazālī, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Jean-Baptiste Brenet |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article deals with the divine knowledge of particulars in Averroes’ Tahāfut al-tahāfut and Ḍamīma. It examines how the concept of relation, generally neglected, is at the heart of the dispute between Avicenna, al-Ġazālī, and the Commentator. In al-Ġazālī’s eyes, Avicenna's misconception of divine knowledge “in a universal way” is based on a misuse of relation in the case of God's knowledge. If particulars change and God does not, his knowledge of particulars, insofar as it undergoes change, can be considered a pure relation without ontological consequences. Averroes contests both al-Ġazālī’s criticism and his proposal, despite the fact that, for different reasons involving the coming-to-be of human knowledge, he too employs the notion of pure relation in his Long Commentary on the Physics. |
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| Title | Only Learning That Distances You from Sins Today Saves You from Hellfire Tomorrow”: Boundaries and Horizons of Education in al-Ghazālī and Ibn Rushd |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Published in | Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change |
| Pages | 260–297 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Science, Theology, Logic, Metaphysics, Physics, Ethics |
| Author(s) | Sebastian Günther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5047","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5047,"authors_free":[{"id":5796,"entry_id":5047,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1696,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Sebastian G\u00fcnther","free_first_name":"Sebastian ","free_last_name":"G\u00fcnther","norm_person":{"id":1696,"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"G\u00fcnther","full_name":"Sebastian G\u00fcnther","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/139160531","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Sebastian G\u00fcnther"}}],"entry_title":"Only Learning That Distances You from Sins Today Saves You from Hellfire Tomorrow\u201d: Boundaries and Horizons of Education in al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b and Ibn Rushd","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Only Learning That Distances You from Sins Today Saves You from Hellfire Tomorrow\u201d: Boundaries and Horizons of Education in al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b and Ibn Rushd"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2020","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004413214_014","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":56,"category_name":"Science","link":"bib?categories[]=Science"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":27,"category_name":"Logic","link":"bib?categories[]=Logic"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":37,"category_name":"Physics","link":"bib?categories[]=Physics"},{"id":22,"category_name":"Ethics","link":"bib?categories[]=Ethics"}],"authors":[{"id":1696,"full_name":"Sebastian G\u00fcnther","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5047,"section_of":5046,"pages":"260\u2013297","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5046,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2020","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change is a pioneering collection of essays on the historical developments, ideals, and practices of Islamic learning and teaching in the formative and classical periods of Islam (i.e., from the seventh to fifteenth centuries CE). Based on innovative and philologically sound primary source research, and utilizing the most recent methodological tools, this two volume set sheds new light on the challenges and opportunities that arise from a deep engagement with classical Islamic concepts of knowledge, its production and acquisition, and, of course, learning. Learning is especially important because of its relevance to contemporary communities and societies in our increasingly multicultural, \u201cglobal\u201d civilizations, whether Eastern or Western. ","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004413214","book":{"id":5046,"pubplace":"Leiden, Boston ","publisher":"Brill","series":"Islamic History and Civilization","volume":"172","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2020]}
| Title | The First as Pure Act and Causality: The Case of Ibn Rushd |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Published in | Islam, causality, and freedom: from the medieval to the modern era |
| Pages | 83–99 |
| Categories | Metaphysics, Neoplatonism, Avicenna, al-Ġazālī |
| Author(s) | Özgür Koca |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The fourth chapter examines Ibn Rushd’s account of causality. It will be argued that Ibn Rushd’s theory of causality comes very close to Neo-Platonistic participatory accounts, despite his strong Aristotelian tendencies. Ibn Rushd, like Ibn Sīnā, finds the basis of causal efficacy of entities in their participation in the pure existence-act of the First. The most important implication of this understanding of causality is that despite the occasionalist critique that we do not and cannot observe a necessary connection between cause and effect, for Ibn Rushd, the moment one defines existence as pure act, it metaphysically makes more sense to accept causal efficacy of entities, for they participate in the pure existence-act of the First. The chapter also examines the differences between Ibn Sīnā and Ibn Rushd that stem from the latter’s efforts to address some of Ghazālī’s challenges. Ibn Rushd agrees with Ghazālī in that plurality can emanate from the First without emanationist intermediation and solely based on the nature-capacity-form of beings. This view establishes a closer connection between the First’s existence-act and the world than Ibn Sīnā’s metaphysics allows. |
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| Title | Volonté humaine, volonté divine: le choix d’indifférence dans les deux Tahâfut |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | La philosophie arabe à l’étude. Sens, limites et défis d’une discipline moderne. Studying Arabic Philosophy: Meaning, Limits and Challenges of a Modern Discipline |
| Pages | 421–439 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Ziad Bou Akl |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5071","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5071,"authors_free":[{"id":5832,"entry_id":5071,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1608,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Ziad Bou Akl","free_first_name":"Ziad","free_last_name":"Bou Akl","norm_person":{"id":1608,"first_name":"Ziad","last_name":"Bou Akl","full_name":"Ziad Bou Akl","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1105658635","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/306483990","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Ziad Bou Akl"}}],"entry_title":"Volont\u00e9 humaine, volont\u00e9 divine: le choix d\u2019indiff\u00e9rence dans les deux Tah\u00e2fut","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Volont\u00e9 humaine, volont\u00e9 divine: le choix d\u2019indiff\u00e9rence dans les deux Tah\u00e2fut"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2019","language":"French","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[{"id":1608,"full_name":"Ziad Bou Akl","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5071,"section_of":5070,"pages":"421\u2013439","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5070,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"La philosophie arabe \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude. Sens, limites et d\u00e9fis d\u2019une discipline moderne. Studying Arabic Philosophy: Meaning, Limits and Challenges of a Modern Discipline","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2019","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"What is the current state of the study of Arabic philosophy? This book provides an overview of the situation. The aim is to draw up a first assessment of the research carried out in the field of Arabic philosophy, reconsidering the historiography and the nomenclature, and examining the subjects and objectives, as well as the methods of analysis that have commonly been used. We also present studies - on authors, traditions and concepts - that show how work is progressing, what tensions persist, and what the prospects are.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5070,"pubplace":"Paris","publisher":"Librairie philosophique J. Vrin","series":"Sic et non","volume":"37","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | The Pilgrimage of Philosophy. A Festschrift for Charles E. Butterworth |
| Type | Edited Book |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Publication Place | South Bend, IN |
| Publisher | St. Augustine’s Press |
| Categories | Politics, Theology, al-Fārābī, al-Ġazālī, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | René M. Paddags , Waseem El-Rayes , Gregory A. McBrayer |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This book intends to introduce readers to the work of Charles E. Butterworth, and thereby to introduce students to Medieval islamic political philosophy, of which Butterworth is one of the world's most prominent scholars. In a wider sense, the Festschrift introduces its readers to the current debates on Medieval islamic political philosophy, related as they are to the questions of the relationship between islam and Christianity, the Medieval to the Modern world, and reason and revelation. Butterworth's scholarship spans six decades, primarily translating, editing, and interpreting the works of the Muslim political philosopher Alfarabi (d. 950) and Averroes (Ibn Rushd, d. 1198). He began his studies of Muslim political philosophy at a time when the Middle East and islam did not have the political salience they have acquired in more recent years. instead, Butterworth&;s reason for engaging with islam was rooted in the question of the relationship between reason and revelation. While one possible answer was pursued in the Christian, latin West, the islamic borderlands of Greek, Roman, and Muslim civilization offered another. By exploring Averroes, who provides the possibility of an Aristotelian-Islamic political philosophy, and Alfarabi, who pursues a Platonic-islamic political philosophy, Butterworth showed how islamic civilization provided a viable alternative to the theologico-political question reason v revelation, as well as serving as an inspiration to the latin West. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5088","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5088,"authors_free":[{"id":5855,"entry_id":5088,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Ren\u00e9 M. Paddags","free_first_name":"Ren\u00e9 M. ","free_last_name":"Paddags","norm_person":null},{"id":5856,"entry_id":5088,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Waseem El-Rayes ","free_first_name":"Waseem ","free_last_name":"El-Rayes ","norm_person":null},{"id":5857,"entry_id":5088,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Gregory A. McBrayer","free_first_name":"Gregory ","free_last_name":"McBrayer","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"The Pilgrimage of Philosophy. A Festschrift for Charles E. Butterworth","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Pilgrimage of Philosophy. A Festschrift for Charles E. Butterworth"},"abstract":"This book intends to introduce readers to the work of Charles E. Butterworth, and thereby to introduce students to Medieval islamic political philosophy, of which Butterworth is one of the world's most prominent scholars. In a wider sense, the Festschrift introduces its readers to the current debates on Medieval islamic political philosophy, related as they are to the questions of the relationship between islam and Christianity, the Medieval to the Modern world, and reason and revelation. Butterworth's scholarship spans six decades, primarily translating, editing, and interpreting the works of the Muslim political philosopher Alfarabi (d. 950) and Averroes (Ibn Rushd, d. 1198). He began his studies of Muslim political philosophy at a time when the Middle East and islam did not have the political salience they have acquired in more recent years. instead, Butterworth&;s reason for engaging with islam was rooted in the question of the relationship between reason and revelation.\r\n\r\nWhile one possible answer was pursued in the Christian, latin West, the islamic borderlands of Greek, Roman, and Muslim civilization offered another. By exploring Averroes, who provides the possibility of an Aristotelian-Islamic political philosophy, and Alfarabi, who pursues a Platonic-islamic political philosophy, Butterworth showed how islamic civilization provided a viable alternative to the theologico-political question reason v revelation, as well as serving as an inspiration to the latin West.","btype":4,"date":"2019","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":{"id":5088,"pubplace":"South Bend, IN","publisher":"St. Augustine\u2019s Press","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | Al-Ghazâlî, Averroes and Moshe Narboni: Conflict and Conflation |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Published in | Islam and Rationality: The Impact of al-Ghazâlî. Papers Collected on His 900th Anniversary Vol. 1 |
| Pages | 275–287 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Commentary, Tradition and Reception, Influence |
| Author(s) | Alfred L. Ivry |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5287","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5287,"authors_free":[{"id":6106,"entry_id":5287,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":653,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":" Alfred L. Ivry","free_first_name":" Alfred L. ","free_last_name":"Ivry","norm_person":{"id":653,"first_name":"Alfred L.","last_name":"Ivry","full_name":"Alfred L. Ivry","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/172513073","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/117886983","db_url":"https:\/\/www.deutsche-biographie.de\/pnd172513073.html","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Alfred L. Ivry"}}],"entry_title":"Al-Ghaz\u00e2l\u00ee, Averroes and Moshe Narboni: Conflict and Conflation","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Al-Ghaz\u00e2l\u00ee, Averroes and Moshe Narboni: Conflict and Conflation"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2015","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004290952_014","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"}],"authors":[{"id":653,"full_name":"Alfred L. Ivry","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5287,"section_of":5286,"pages":"275\u2013287","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5286,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Islam and Rationality: The Impact of al-Ghaz\u00e2l\u00ee. Papers Collected on His 900th Anniversary Vol. 1","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2015","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"This volume offers an account of Ab\u016b \u1e24\u0101mid al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b (d. 505\/1111) as a rational theologian who created a symbiosis of philosophy and theology and infused rationality into Sufism. The majority of the papers herein deal with important topics of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b\u2019s work, which demonstrate his rational treatment of the Qur\u02be\u0101n and major subjects of Islamic theology and everyday life of Muslims. Some other contributions address al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b\u2019s sources and how his intellectual endeavors were later received by scholars who had the same concern of reconciling religion and rationality within Islam, Christianity and Judaism.\r\n\r\nWith contributions by Binyamin Abrahamov, Hans Daiber, Ken Garden, Avner Giladi, Scott Girdner, Frank Griffel, Steven Harvey, Alfred Ivry, Jules Janssens, Taneli Kukkonen, Luis Xavier L\u00f3pez-Farjeat, Wilferd Madelung, Yahya M. Michot, Yasien Mohamed, Eric Ormsby, M. Sait \u00d6zervarl\u0131, and Hidemi Takahashi.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":" https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004290952 ","book":{"id":5286,"pubplace":"Leiden, Boston","publisher":"Brill","series":"Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies","volume":"94","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Al-Ghaz\u00e2l\u00ee, Averroes and Moshe Narboni: Conflict and Conflation"]}
| Title | Al-Miklātī, a Twelfth Century Aš’arite Reader of Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Journal | Arabic Sciences and Philosophy |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 155–197 |
| Categories | Proceedings, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, al-Ġazālī |
| Author(s) | Yamina Adouhane , Yamina Adouhane |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The aim of this article is to present a new witness of Averroes' reception in the Muslim world, in the years that immediately followed his death. Indeed Abū al-Ḥağğāğ al-Miklātī (d. 1237) is an Ašʿarite theologian, who was born in Fez. He is the author of a Quintessence of the Intellects in Response to Philosophers on the Science of Principles in which he aims at refuting the Peripatetic philosophers in their own field, using their own weapons. This article will first attempt to draw the portrait of this atypical theologian. It will then focus on showing that al-Miklātī – although he never mentions his name – is a reader of Averroes and in particular, of his Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, of which he makes various and unexpected uses. A close look at these uses will enable us to better define the nature of al-Miklātī's work. More importantly, this article will try to prove that al-Miklātī provides us with a key passage of Averroes' lost treatise On the Prime Mover. At the heart of the Rushdian criticism of Avicenna's “metaphysical” proof, this passage should throw new light on Averroes' precise understanding of this proof. |
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| Title | Alfonso de la Torre's Visión deleytable: philosophical rationalism and the religious imagination in 15th century Spain |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2001 |
| Publication Place | Leiden |
| Publisher | Brill |
| Series | Medieval Iberian Peninsula: Texts and studies |
| Volume | 14 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Aquinas, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Luis M. Giron-Negron |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Analytic Islamic philosophy |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2017 |
| Publication Place | London |
| Publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| Series | Palgrave philosophy today |
| Categories | Surveys, Modern Readings, al-Fārābī, al-Kindī, Avicenna, Avicenna, al-Ġazālī, Tradition and Reception, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Anthony Robert Booth |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This book is an introduction to Islamic Philosophy, beginning with its Medieval inception, right through to its more contemporary incarnations. Using the language and conceptual apparatus of contemporary Anglo-American 'Analytic' philosophy, this book represents a novel and creative attempt to rejuvenate Islamic Philosophy for a modern audience. It adopts a 'rational reconstructive' approach to the history of philosophy by affording maximum hermeneutical priority to the strongest possible interpretation of a philosopher's arguments while also paying attention to the historical context in which they worked. The central canonical figures of Medieval Islamic Philosophy - al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Avicenna, al-Ghazali, Averroes - are presented chronologically along with an introduction to the central themes of Islamic theology and the Greek philosophical tradition they inherited. The book then briefly introduces what the author collectively refers to as the 'Pre-Modern' figures including Suhrawardi, Mulla Sadra, and Ibn Taymiyyah, and presents all of these thinkers, along with their Medieval predecessors, as forerunners to the more modern incarnation of Islamic Philosophy: Political Islam. |
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| Title | Aquinas, Ghazali, and Averroes on the Age of the Universe. Response to Massey |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2008 |
| Journal | Divinatio |
| Volume | 28 |
| Pages | 171–194 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Thomas, Theology, Cosmology |
| Author(s) | Chryssi Sidiropoulou |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes, Philosopher of Islam |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Published in | Interpreting Averroes. Critical Essays |
| Pages | 9–26 |
| Categories | Biography, al-Ġazālī |
| Author(s) | Matteo Di Giovanni |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The opening chapter of the book situates Averroes' project within the intellectual context of medieval Islamic Spain, arguing that Averroes' project of writing commentaries on Aristotle was in part a response to the provocations of Muslim theologians and especially Ghazali. Even some of his most notorious philosophical positions, for instance on the unity of the human intellect and the eternity of the world, can be better understood within this context. |
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| Title | Averroès. Les philosophe et la Loi. Édition, traduction et commentaire de "L’Abrégé du Mustasfa" |
| Type | Edited Book |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2015 |
| Publication Place | Boston, Berlin, Munich |
| Publisher | De Gruyter |
| Series | Scientia Graeco-Arabica |
| Volume | 14 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Law, |
| Author(s) | Ziad Bou Akl |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroès: le philosophe et la Loi. Édition, traduction et commentaire de “L’Abrégé du Mustasfa” |
| Type | Edited Book |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2015 |
| Publication Place | Berlin, Boston |
| Publisher | de Gruyter |
| Series | Scientia Graeco-Arabica |
| Volume | 14 |
| Categories | Law, al-Ġazālī |
| Author(s) | Ziad Bou Akl |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| One of Averroes' (Ibn Rushd) earliest works is dedicated to law. The work comprises a summary of al-Ghazali's work on legal theory called al-Mustasfa min 'ilm al-usul. This volume presents a new edition of the Arabic text accompanied by a French translation and commentary. The edition is preceded by a study that draws attention to the main points of difference between the two philosophers. |
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| Title | Averroës' Takfir of al-Ghazālī: Ta'wīl and Causal Kufr |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | American journal of Islam and society |
| Volume | 38 |
| Issue | 1/2 |
| Pages | 60-92 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology |
| Author(s) | Saja Parvizian |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Al-Ghazālı̄ famously claims in the Incoherence of the Philosophers that al-Fārābī and Avicenna are unbelievers because they hold philosophical positions that conflict with Islam. What is less well-known, however, is that Averroës claims in the Decisive Treatise that al-Fārābī and Avicenna are not unbelievers; rather, al-Ghazālı̄ is the true unbeliever for writing the Incoherence of the Philosophers. In this paper, my aim is to present a sustained reconstruction of Averroës’ legal and philosophical argument for why al-Ghazālı̄ is an unbeliever. The crux of Averroës’ argument is that al-Ghazālı̄ has expressed false allegorical interpretations of scripture to unqualified persons, which has caused them to fall into unbelief. By being causally responsible for other people’s unbelief, al-Ghazālı̄ is an unbeliever as well. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5566","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5566,"authors_free":[{"id":6460,"entry_id":5566,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Saja Parvizian","free_first_name":"Saja ","free_last_name":"Parvizian","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Averro\u00ebs' Takfir of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b: Ta'w\u012bl and Causal Kufr","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averro\u00ebs' Takfir of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b: Ta'w\u012bl and Causal Kufr"},"abstract":"Al-Ghaza\u0304l\u0131\u0304 famously claims in the Incoherence of the Philosophers that al-Fa\u0304ra\u0304bi\u0304 and Avicenna are unbelievers because they hold philosophical positions that conflict with Islam. What is less well-known, however, is that Averroe\u0308s claims in the Decisive Treatise that al-Fa\u0304ra\u0304bi\u0304 and Avicenna are not unbelievers; rather, al-Ghaza\u0304l\u0131\u0304 is the true unbeliever for writing the Incoherence of the Philosophers. In this paper, my aim is to present a sustained reconstruction of Averroe\u0308s\u2019 legal and philosophical argument for why al-Ghaza\u0304l\u0131\u0304 is an unbeliever. The crux of Averroe\u0308s\u2019 argument is that al-Ghaza\u0304l\u0131\u0304 has expressed false allegorical interpretations of scripture to unqualified persons, which has caused them to fall into unbelief. By being causally responsible for other people\u2019s unbelief, al-Ghaza\u0304l\u0131\u0304 is an unbeliever as well.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35632\/ajis.v38i1-2.735","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5566,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"American journal of Islam and society","volume":"38","issue":"1\/2","pages":"60-92"}},"sort":["Averro\u00ebs' Takfir of al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b: Ta'w\u012bl and Causal Kufr"]}
| Title | Comparisons between al-Ġazālī and Ibn Rušd in the Late Ottoman Period |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2017 |
| Journal | Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph |
| Volume | 67 |
| Categories | al-Ġazālī, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | M. Sait Özervarli |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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