Author 423
Keunggulan Metode Demonstratif Terhadap Metode Retorika Dan Dialektika: Menguak Metode Kritik Filsafat Ibn Rusyd, 2022
By: Raha Bistara
Title Keunggulan Metode Demonstratif Terhadap Metode Retorika Dan Dialektika: Menguak Metode Kritik Filsafat Ibn Rusyd
Type Article
Language Indonesian
Date 2022
Journal Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama
Volume 16
Issue 2
Pages 71-92
Categories Logic, Method, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Raha Bistara
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article shows how the demonstrative method (burhani) is more superior to rhetoric (khatabbi) and dialectic method (jaddali), the use of the demonstrative method is based on the utilization of the mind. Ibn Rusyd stated that the demonstrative method is considered the right method for seeking the answers above the questions on the subject of religion and philosophy. However, it is not amazed Ibn Rusyd used a demonstrative method to criticize the Mutakallimun Ash’ariyah and his followers especially Imam Al-Ghazali. Ibn Rusyd also criticized Ibn sina and Zahiriyah group with the method they used. There was confusion for the answer to who they presented regarding religious and philosophical problems. While there were many problems with their views especially in their books. This article used the library research method which uses literature either in the form of books, or notes from previous research reports. While the sources of this research there are two sources as primary source and secondary sources. This result of this research revealed that Ibn Rushd’s philosophy critical method from authentic sources related to the problem. Although, by the use of various sources used, it is hoped there will be a new finding related to demonstrative method initiated by Ibn Rushd in refuting the arguments of rhetorical and dialectical groups which are not deep, explicit, and simple. As well as providing the new formulas that are fresher and more varied concerning the answer about the problems of religion and philosophy.

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Warrior Women in Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on Plato’s Republic: Mythico-Barbarian Geography in the Case for Female Guardians, an Unsolved Passage, 2022
By: Tineke Melkebeek
Title Warrior Women in Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on Plato’s Republic: Mythico-Barbarian Geography in the Case for Female Guardians, an Unsolved Passage
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal Al Masaq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean
Volume 34
Issue 3
Pages 314-335
Categories Commentary, Plato, Politics
Author(s) Tineke Melkebeek
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In his commentary on Plato’s Republic, Ibn Rushd (Averroes) discusses the case for female guardians. Besides following Socrates’s argument for female warriors, which cites the efficiency of female guard dogs, Ibn Rushd introduces an additional argument: that the female capacity for warfare is evident from the inhabitants of certain regions. Unfortunately, the precise formulation of the regions or groups he intends to mention is obscure in the existing manuscripts. Rosenthal translates “the inhabitants of deserts and frontier villages”, Lerner’s translation says “the inhabitants of deserts and the City of Women”. This article aims to analyse these and other translations of this enigmatic passage, which has not yet been the subject of study. Concerning the second region mentioned, it seems that Ibn Rushd could be indicating Northern Spain, but he might also have been alluding to the legendary places at the coldest margins of the then-known world.

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Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge, 2022
By: Kirk Lougheed, Joshua Lee Harris
Title Epistemic Paternalism, Averroes, and Religious Knowledge
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal Philosophy East and West
Volume 72
Issue 4
Pages 960-972
Categories Epistemology, Theology
Author(s) Kirk Lougheed , Joshua Lee Harris
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The distinction between knowledge by demonstration and knowledge by imagination in Averroes offers a helpful explanation as to why epistemic paternalism is permitted in at least some religious cases. In certain religious settings the stakes may be so high that partial knowledge by imagination is indeed better than confusion resulting from a demonstration. While it is true this defense is not purely epistemic, many are in good company as it turns out that almost no cases of epistemic paternalism are purely epistemic. Finally, an upshot of their view is that it nicely explains why their defense of epistemic paternalism might apply to other domains of great importance but not to trivial matters. Much more remains to be said about the permissibility of epistemic paternalism more generally, and about its permissibility in religious cases in particular.

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Does Each of Us Think Our Own Universal? An Averroean Challenge for (Aquinas and) Hervaeus Natalis, 2022
By: Hamid Taieb
Title Does Each of Us Think Our Own Universal? An Averroean Challenge for (Aquinas and) Hervaeus Natalis
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal History of Philosophy Quarterly
Volume 39
Issue 4
Pages 339-354
Categories Metaphysics, Psychology
Author(s) Hamid Taieb
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This paper aims to address a problem faced by any philosopher who treats universals as intentional objects: in defending this thesis, aren't they committed to the view that each of us thinks an individuated universal, since each of us, when thinking of a universal, must have our own intentional object? This problem, which is mentioned by Brentano at the turn of the twentieth century, originated in the Middle Ages in debates initiated by Averroes about the nature of the intellect. It shows up in the later Aquinas, due to his theory of the verbum, which might be interpreted as a sort of intentional object, but it is solved without too much difficulty. It is later found in Hervaeus Natalis, who does accept intentional objects; in contrast to Aquinas, it is not clear that Hervaeus has a good solution to the problem. After first presenting the problem, this paper then turns to its medieval origins by analyzing its occurrence in Aquinas's criticism of Averroes. It then explains why Hervaeus has more difficulties than Aquinas in solving the problem. It concludes with a systematic reflection on the various possible solutions to the problem.

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Lecteurs arabes et latins de Thémistius au Moyen Âge: l’intellect et ses objets, 2022
By: Elisa Coda
Title Lecteurs arabes et latins de Thémistius au Moyen Âge: l’intellect et ses objets
Type Article
Language undefined
Date 2022
Journal Revue des Sciences Philosophiques et Théologiques
Volume 106
Issue 1
Pages 3-36
Categories Tradition and Reception, Themistius, Aquinas, Aristotle, De anima, Intellect
Author(s) Elisa Coda
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article examines one of the fundamental theses of Themistius in his paraphrase of Aristotle’s De anima, namely, the relationship between the intellect and its objects, as it appears in the reception of two readers of Themistius in the Middle Ages: Averroes and Thomas Aquinas. The comparison between these two philosophers suggests that the (neo)Platonic heritage present in the Themistian interpretation of the relation between the intellect and its objects was influential to a certain extent, but it produced in the two philosophers different considerations. A third reader, anonymous, is mentioned: a small treatise known as the Anonymous of Basel, written between 1308 and 1323, provides interesting testimony to the respective influence of the Themistian readings of Averroes and Thomas.

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Natural Law and the Law of Moses in Jewish Averroistic Philosophy, 2022
By: Shalom Sadik
Title Natural Law and the Law of Moses in Jewish Averroistic Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal The Journal of religion
Volume 102
Issue 3
Pages 354-375
Categories Jewish Averroism, Tradition and Reception, Natural Philosophy
Author(s) Shalom Sadik
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In order to understand the relationship between philosophy and religion, one of the major questions that must be explored is the relation between natural law and prophetic law. One of the main problems with modern research on this topic in the field of Jewish studies is that debate is relegated to the interpretation of only a few thinkers whose ideas are presumed to represent Judaism. The aim of this article is to begin remedying this issue by analyzing the relation between the Law of Moses and natural law as presented by four Jewish Averroists: Rabbis Isaac Albalag, Isaac Pulgar, Josef Ibn Kaspi, and Levi ben Abraham.

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Averroes and the Legacy of Dialogue, 2022
By: Catarina Belo
Title Averroes and the Legacy of Dialogue
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal Culture and dialogue
Volume 10
Issue 2
Pages 195-201
Categories Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Catarina Belo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Pensiero divino, anime umane : l'aristotelismo di Temistio e la filosofia pre-moderna, 2022
By: Elisa Coda
Title Pensiero divino, anime umane : l'aristotelismo di Temistio e la filosofia pre-moderna
Type Monograph
Language undefined
Date 2022
Publication Place Pisa
Publisher Edizioni ETS
Categories Themistius, Tradition and Reception, De anima
Author(s) Elisa Coda
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Revisiting Averroes' Influence On Western Philosophy, 2022
By: Anthony Raphael Etuk
Title Revisiting Averroes' Influence On Western Philosophy
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research
Volume 19
Issue 1
Pages 174-194
Categories Averroism, Latin Averroism, Tradition and Reception, Aristotle
Author(s) Anthony Raphael Etuk
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Better known as Averroes, Ibn Rushd remains one of the greatest Islamic philosophical geniuses of all times. The unparalleled inventiveness of his mind and the ―audacity‖ of his methods are evident in many of his innovative philosophical activities, which tremendous stirred the minds of his contemporaries in the Middle Ages. Perhaps only a few would deny the far-reaching impacts of his profound philosophical activities and ideas on Western philosophy. Prominent among these are his unique status as a paramount guide to Aristotle, based on his influential and massive commentaries on Aristotle, and his strong arguments for the compatibility of philosophy with religion. These and more, have since established the depth of his ideas and his lasting relevance in Western philosophy history. This paper undertakes an exposition of his philosophical activities, to identify the impacts of his enduring legacies on Western philosophy. The expository and hermeneutical methods of analysis are adopted.

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Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians, 2022
By: Aminullah Elhady
Title Dialectical views on metaphysics in Islam: Thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians
Type Article
Language English
Date 2022
Journal HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies
Volume 78
Issue 4
Pages 1-6
Categories Theology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Aminullah Elhady
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This paper discusses the dialectical thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians on divine metaphysics. The discussion is based on the study of criticisms and dialogues on the theologians’ view on metaphysics. Three important points emerge: firstly, how Ibn Rushd presented the basis of his critical arguments; secondly, the process of Ibn Rushd’s methods of criticism on the theologians’ metaphysical reasons and lastly, the content of Ibn Rushd’s criticisms of the theologians’ metaphysical reason. This paper provides a detailed description of the themes as accurate and comprehensive ways to provide a basis of Ibn Rushd’s criticism. Contribution: This study contributes to encouraging and changing the views of scholars of Islamic theology that Ibn Rushd, apart from being a philosopher, is also a critical thinker in the field of Islamic theology.

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Al-Miklātī, a Twelfth Century Aš’arite Reader of Averroes, 2012
By: Yamina Adouhane, Yamina Adouhane
Title Al-Miklātī, a Twelfth Century Aš’arite Reader of Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 22
Issue 2
Pages 155–197
Categories Proceedings, Relation between Philosophy and Theology, al-Ġazālī
Author(s) Yamina Adouhane , Yamina Adouhane
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The aim of this article is to present a new witness of Averroes' reception in the Muslim world, in the years that immediately followed his death. Indeed Abū al-Ḥağğāğ al-Miklātī (d. 1237) is an Ašʿarite theologian, who was born in Fez. He is the author of a Quintessence of the Intellects in Response to Philosophers on the Science of Principles in which he aims at refuting the Peripatetic philosophers in their own field, using their own weapons. This article will first attempt to draw the portrait of this atypical theologian. It will then focus on showing that al-Miklātī – although he never mentions his name – is a reader of Averroes and in particular, of his Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, of which he makes various and unexpected uses. A close look at these uses will enable us to better define the nature of al-Miklātī's work. More importantly, this article will try to prove that al-Miklātī provides us with a key passage of Averroes' lost treatise On the Prime Mover. At the heart of the Rushdian criticism of Avicenna's “metaphysical” proof, this passage should throw new light on Averroes' precise understanding of this proof.

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Al-mustadrak ‘alâ al-Matn al-Rushdî, 2017
By: Mohammed Moussaid
Title Al-mustadrak ‘alâ al-Matn al-Rushdî
Type Monograph
Language Arabic
Date 2017
Publication Place Meknes
Publisher Marjane
Categories no categories
Author(s) Mohammed Moussaid
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Albert the Great as a Reader of Averroes: A Study of His Notion of the Celestial Soul in De caelo et mundo and Metaphysica, 2019
By: Adam Takahashi
Title Albert the Great as a Reader of Averroes: A Study of His Notion of the Celestial Soul in De caelo et mundo and Metaphysica
Type Article
Language English
Date 2019
Journal Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 30
Pages 625–654
Categories Albert, Tradition and Reception, Cosmology, Metaphysics
Author(s) Adam Takahashi
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Albert the Great between Avempace and Averroes on the Knowledge of Separate Forms, 2012
By: Luis Xavier López-Farjeat
Title Albert the Great between Avempace and Averroes on the Knowledge of Separate Forms
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association
Volume 86
Issue 2
Pages 89–102
Categories Ibn Bāǧǧa, Aquinas, Albert
Author(s) Luis Xavier López-Farjeat
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In Albert’s De anima III, 3, chapters 6–11 there is a discussion on whether the human intellect is able to apprehend only forms abstracted from matter or whether it is possible for it to know something separated from magnitude. If the human intellect is able to understand separate forms, this would mean that some forms are not apprehended with phantasms and magnitude but by the conjunction of the possible intellect and the separate intellect. This matter is quite problematic since it is not clear enough whether separate forms are known through the perfect conjunction of the possible intellect and the agent intellect or by means of the agent intellect which acts both as efficient and formal cause of these forms. Here, I focus on chapter 8 where Albert criticizes Avempace’s doctrine of the intellect, and chapter 11 where he states a resolution to the problem, which is very close to that of Averroes. This exploration illustrates the complexity of the relationship between the philosophies of Albert and Averroes.

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Alexander of Aphrodisias in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 2021
By: Pietro B. Rossi (Ed.), Matteo Di Giovanni (Ed.), Andrea A. Robiglio (Ed.)
Title Alexander of Aphrodisias in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
Type Edited Book
Language undefined
Date 2021
Publication Place Turnhout
Publisher Brepols
Series Studia artistarum
Volume 45
Categories Aristotle, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Albert, Avicenna, Renaissance, Metaphysics, Logic
Author(s) Pietro B. Rossi , Matteo Di Giovanni , Andrea A. Robiglio
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The greatest ancient interpreter of Aristotle, Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. 200 AD) exerted a profound and enduring influence upon philosophy from Boethius until the modern era. Alexander’s interpretations laid the foundation for multiple philosophical views which were promoted as quintessentially Aristotelian by both Islamic and Latin thinkers throughout the Middle Ages. In the Renaissance, the University of Padua, a leading center of philosophical education and thought, established a scholarly tradition named “Alexandrinism” after him.

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Alexandre d'Aphrodise et la doctrine de l'intellect d'Averroès. Remarques générales, 2014
By: Marc Geoffroy
Title Alexandre d'Aphrodise et la doctrine de l'intellect d'Averroès. Remarques générales
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 2014
Published in De l'Antiquité tardive au Moyen Âge. Études de logique aristotélicienne et de philosophie grecque, syriaque, arabe et latine offertes à Henri Hugonnard-Roche
Pages 545–558
Categories Alexander of Aphrodisias
Author(s) Marc Geoffroy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Alfarabi, Averroes, and the Medieval Islamic Understanding of Phrónesis., 2012
By: Steven Harvey
Title Alfarabi, Averroes, and the Medieval Islamic Understanding of Phrónesis.
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2012
Published in Phrónesis. Die Tugend der Geisteswissenschaften? Beiträge zur rationalen Methode in den Geisteswissenschaften
Pages xxx
Categories al-Fārābī
Author(s) Steven Harvey
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Alfonso X „the Wise“: the last Almohad caliph?, 2009
By: Maribel Fierro
Title Alfonso X „the Wise“: the last Almohad caliph?
Type Article
Language English
Date 2009
Journal Medieval Encounters
Volume 15
Issue 2-4
Pages 175-198
Categories Politics, Science
Author(s) Maribel Fierro
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Alfonso de la Torre's Visión deleytable: philosophical rationalism and the religious imagination in 15th century Spain, 2001
By: Luis M. Giron-Negron
Title Alfonso de la Torre's Visión deleytable: philosophical rationalism and the religious imagination in 15th century Spain
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 2001
Publication Place Leiden
Publisher Brill
Series Medieval Iberian Peninsula: Texts and studies
Volume 14
Categories al-Ġazālī, Aquinas, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Luis M. Giron-Negron
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Allegorical Interpretation of the Role of Philosophy in the Discourse of Philo and Ibn Rushd, 2012
By: Shuhaimi M. Bin Haji Ishak
Title Allegorical Interpretation of the Role of Philosophy in the Discourse of Philo and Ibn Rushd
Type Article
Language English
Date 2012
Journal Al-Masāq
Volume 24
Issue 3
Pages 253–264
Categories Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Shuhaimi M. Bin Haji Ishak
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Instead of dismissing traditional mythology and poetry as heresies, Greek philosophy introduced a methodology of understanding known as allegory. Philo of Alexandria (20 BC-50 AD) was one of the first to employ allegory for understanding religious scriptures whose writings survived in the Christian traditions. In the Arab world, the philosopher Ibn Rushd (520-595/1126-1198) initiated the same method of commentary with his demonstration of the essential harmony between philosophy properly understood and scripture properly interpreted. This essay posits that Greek philosophy laid down a common tool for understanding the scriptures that exist in the Christian and Muslim traditions.

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