{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5188","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5188,"authors_free":[{"id":5977,"entry_id":5188,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"The concept of \u2018nature\u2019 in Aristotle, Avicenna and Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The concept of \u2018nature\u2019 in Aristotle, Avicenna and Averroes"},"abstract":"This study is concerned with 'nature' specifically as the subject-matter of physics, or natural science, as described by Aristotle in his \"Physics\". It also discusses the definitions of nature, and more specifically physical nature, provided by Avicenna (d. 1037) and Averroes (d. 1198) in their commentaries on Aristotle's \"Physics\". Avicenna and Averroes share Aristotle's conception of nature as a principle of motion and rest. While according to Aristotle the subject matter of physics appears to be nature, or what exists by nature, Avicenna believes that it is the natural body, and Averroes holds that the subject matter of physics or natural science consists in the natural things, in what constitutes a slight shift in focus.","btype":3,"date":"","language":null,"online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0100-512X2015n13103cb","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":37,"category_name":"Physics","link":"bib?categories[]=Physics"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":38,"category_name":"Natural Philosophy","link":"bib?categories[]=Natural Philosophy"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5188,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia","volume":"56","issue":"131 (Jan.-June 2015)","pages":"45\u201356"}},"sort":["The concept of \u2018nature\u2019 in Aristotle, Avicenna and Averroes"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5786","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5786,"authors_free":[{"id":6701,"entry_id":5786,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1881,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Fauzi M. Najjar","free_first_name":"Fauzi M.","free_last_name":"Najjar","norm_person":{"id":1881,"first_name":"Fauzi M. ","last_name":"Najjar","full_name":"Fauzi M. Najjar","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1158548370","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Fauzi M. Najjar"}}],"entry_title":"The debate on Islam and secularism in Egypt","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The debate on Islam and secularism in Egypt"},"abstract":"Many Muslims view secularism as the greatest threat to Islam. Najjar discusses the Islam-secularism debate, the assassination of outspoken secularist Faraj Foda, Abu al-Walid Ibn Rushd's enlightenment movement, and other issues.","btype":3,"date":"1996","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":18,"category_name":"Surveys","link":"bib?categories[]=Surveys"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1881,"full_name":"Fauzi M. Najjar","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5786,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Arab Studies Quarterly","volume":"18","issue":"2","pages":"1"}},"sort":["The debate on Islam and secularism in Egypt"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5808","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5808,"authors_free":[{"id":6729,"entry_id":5808,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Tineke Melkebeek","free_first_name":"Tineke ","free_last_name":"Melkebeek","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato\u2019s republic: Ibn Rushd\u2019s perspective on the position and potential of women","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato\u2019s republic: Ibn Rushd\u2019s perspective on the position and potential of women"},"abstract":"This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato\u2019s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato\u2019s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd\u2019s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle\u2019s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle\u2019s teacher, i.e. Plato\u2019s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato\u2019s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd\u2019s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature. ","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.24848\/islmlg.11.1.02","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5808,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":" Islamology","volume":"11","issue":"1","pages":"9-23"}},"sort":["The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato\u2019s republic: Ibn Rushd\u2019s perspective on the position and potential of women"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5492","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5492,"authors_free":[{"id":6367,"entry_id":5492,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":881,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Harry Austryn Wolfson","free_first_name":"Harry Austryn","free_last_name":"Wolfson","norm_person":{"id":881,"first_name":"Harry A.","last_name":"Wolfson","full_name":"Harry A. Wolfson","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/123348323","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/49315617","db_url":"https:\/\/www.deutsche-biographie.de\/pnd123348323.html","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Harry A. Wolfson"}}],"entry_title":"The plurality of immovable movers in Aristotle and Averro\u00ebs","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The plurality of immovable movers in Aristotle and Averro\u00ebs"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1958","language":"English","online_url":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/310858","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/310858","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":37,"category_name":"Physics","link":"bib?categories[]=Physics"}],"authors":[{"id":881,"full_name":"Harry A. Wolfson","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5492,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Harvard Studies in Classical Philology","volume":" 63","issue":"","pages":"233-253"}},"sort":["The plurality of immovable movers in Aristotle and Averro\u00ebs"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5548","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5548,"authors_free":[{"id":6443,"entry_id":5548,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1841,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Robert G. Morrison","free_first_name":"Robert G. ","free_last_name":"Morrison","norm_person":{"id":1841,"first_name":"Robert G.","last_name":"Morrison","full_name":"Robert G. Morrison","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1120735750","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Robert G. Morrison"}}],"entry_title":"The solar model in Joseph Ibn Joseph Ibn Nahmias' Light of the world","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The solar model in Joseph Ibn Joseph Ibn Nahmias' Light of the world"},"abstract":"In an influential article, A. I. Sabra identified an intellectual trend from twelfth and thirteenth-century Andalusia which he described as the \u2018\u2018Andalusian revolt against Ptolemaic astronomy.\u201d Philosophers such as Ibn Rushd (d. 1198 C. E.), Ibn Tufayl (d. 1185), and Maimonides (d. 1204) objected to Ptolemy\u2019s (fl. 125\u201350) theories on philosophic grounds, not because of shortcomings in the theories' predictive accuracy. Sabra showed how al-Bitr\u016bj\u012b's (fl. 1200) Kit\u0101b al-Hay'a (The Book of Astronomy) attempted to account for observed planetary motions in a way that met the philosophic standards of those philosophers and others. In N\u016br al-\u2018\u0101lam (Light of the World), the subject of this article, Joseph ibn Joseph ibn Nahmias (fl. ca. 1400) endeavoured to improve upon al-Bitr\u016bj\u012b\u2019s models. Levi Ben Gerson's (1288\u20131344) Hebrew writings on astronomy criticized al-Bitr\u016bj\u012b, but Ibn Nahmias did not mention them. N\u016br al-\u2018\u0101lam deserves attention, too, because it is the first Arabic text on theoretical astronomy by a Jewish author to come to light. In the body of this article, I will describe and analyze Ibn Nahmias\u2019 theory, from N\u016br al-\u2018\u0101lam, for the motion of the sun","btype":3,"date":"2005","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":19,"category_name":"Cosmology","link":"bib?categories[]=Cosmology"},{"id":38,"category_name":"Natural Philosophy","link":"bib?categories[]=Natural Philosophy"}],"authors":[{"id":1841,"full_name":"Robert G. Morrison","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5548,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"15","issue":"","pages":"57-108"}},"sort":["The solar model in Joseph Ibn Joseph Ibn Nahmias' Light of the world"]}