Work 53
Author 916
The Commentator: Averroes' Reading of the Metaphysics, 2013
By: Matteo di Giovanni
Title The Commentator: Averroes' Reading of the Metaphysics
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2013
Published in A Companion to the Latin Medieval Commentaries on Aristotle's Metaphysics
Pages 59–94
Categories Metaphysics
Author(s) Matteo di Giovanni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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A Companion to the Latin Medieval Commentaries on Aristotle's Metaphysics, 2013
By: Fabrizio Amerini (Ed.), Gabriele Galluzzo (Ed.)
Title A Companion to the Latin Medieval Commentaries on Aristotle's Metaphysics
Type Edited Book
Language undefined
Date 2013
Publication Place Leiden
Publisher Brill Academic Publishers
Series Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition
Volume 43
Categories Tradition and Reception, Commentary, Metaphysics
Author(s) Fabrizio Amerini , Gabriele Galluzzo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Few philosophical books have been so influential in the development of Western thought as Aristotle’s Metaphysics. For centuries Aristotle’s most celebrated work has been regarded as a source of inspiration as well as the starting point for every investigation into the structure of reality. Not surprisingly, the topics discussed in the book – the scientific status of ontology and metaphysics, the foundations of logical truths, the notions of essence and existence, the nature of material objects and their properties, the status of mathematical entities, just to mention some – are still at the centre of the current philosophical debate and are likely to excite philosophical minds for many years to come. This volume reconstructs in fourteen chapters a particular phase in the long history of the Metaphysics by focusing on the medieval reception of Aristotle’s masterpiece, specifically from its introduction in the Latin West in the twelfth through fifteenth centuries. Contributors include: Marta Borgo, Matteo di Giovanni, Amos Bertolacci, Silvia Donati, Gabriele Galluzzo, Alessandro D. Conti, Sten Ebbesen, Fabrizio Amerini, Giorgio Pini, Roberto Lambertini, William O. Duba, Femke J. Kok, and Paul J.J.M. Bakker.

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Qirâ’a jadîda li-ilm al-mantiq wa-alâqatihi bi ‘l-mitâfisîqâ inda Ibn Rushd, 2013
By: Ramadhan Ben Mansour
Title Qirâ’a jadîda li-ilm al-mantiq wa-alâqatihi bi ‘l-mitâfisîqâ inda Ibn Rushd
Translation The Science of Logic and its Relation to Metaphysics in Averroes: A New Reading
Type Monograph
Language Arabic
Date 2013
Publication Place Irbid
Publisher âlam al-kutub al-hadîth
Categories Logic, Metaphysics
Author(s) Ramadhan Ben Mansour
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Will in Averroes and Aquinas, 2013
By: Traci Phillipson
Title The Will in Averroes and Aquinas
Type Article
Language English
Date 2013
Journal Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association
Volume 87
Pages 231-247
Categories Thomas, Aristotle, De anima
Author(s) Traci Phillipson
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Despite the drastic differences in their views of the intellect and the location and specific function of the will both Aquinas and Averroes are able to claim that their systems allow for moral agency because they both place the will—a faculty that is of prime importance to the process of moral action—in the individual. Both philosophers think that they are following Aristotle in making their claims about the will and the intellects. This paper will examine the issue of will and the related issue of the intellects as it appears in the Aristotelian texts and in the subsequent work of Averroes and Aquinas. It will argue that at least some of the divergence in Averroes and Aquinas can be attributed to an issue of translation regarding De Anima, and a difference in the role of cogitation and the intellects regarding will.

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Marsilio Ficino on Saturn, the Plotinian Mind, and the Monster of Averroes, 2013
By: Michael J. B. Allen
Title Marsilio Ficino on Saturn, the Plotinian Mind, and the Monster of Averroes
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2013
Published in Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe
Pages 81–98
Categories Plotin, Renaissance, Metaphysics
Author(s) Michael J. B. Allen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This chapter explores some striking aspects of Marsilio Ficino’s many-sided engagement with Saturn. It focuses, however, not so much on the old god’s traditional mythological and astrological associations, though these played important roles for Ficino for both personal and medical reasons, as on Ficino’s deployment of Saturn in his exploration of Platonic metaphysics. In particular I am concerned with two interrelated problems: 1) with Ficino’s analysis of the theology of the Phaedrus’s mythical hymn with its cavalcade of gods under Zeus as the World-Soul traversing the intellectual heaven, the realm of Saturn as Mind; and 2), more startingly, with Saturn in the context of the long and intricate rejection of Averroism in Ficino’s magnus opus, the Platonic Theology, and notably in the fifteenth book which has hitherto received little scholarly attention. His goal there was to reject what he saw as the capstone of Averroes’s metaphysics and psychology as articulated in the commentary on the De anima (which he only knew in Michael Scot’s Latin version): namely the theory of the unity (unicity) of the agent Intellect, even as he identified this Intellect too with Saturn. Combined with other Saturnian motifs and interpretations, we can now see that Saturn played a signal role in Ficino’s account of ancient Neoplatonism, in his own Christian transformation of it, and in its polemical attack on the great Muslim commentator on Aristotle.

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Averroes against Avicenna on Human Spontaneous Generation: The Starting-Point of a Lasting Debate, 2013
By: Amos Bertolacci
Title Averroes against Avicenna on Human Spontaneous Generation: The Starting-Point of a Lasting Debate
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2013
Published in Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe
Pages 37–54
Categories Avicenna, Commentary, Metaphysics
Author(s) Amos Bertolacci
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The first criticism of Avicenna in Averroes’s Long Commentary on Metaphysica (II, 993a30-995a20) regards Avicenna’s doctrine of the asexual (so-called ‘spontaneous’) generation of human beings. This criticism is interesting in two main regards. When considered in the general historical context of the confrontation between advocates and opponents of spontaneous generation, the specific debate between Averroes and Avicenna on this issue can be said to have had a long-lasting impact on Latin philosophy up until the Renaissance. Doctrinally, the criticism in question can be taken as a paradigm of Averroes’s more general anti-Avicennian polemic and of the ideological reasons of his dissent towards his illustrious predecessor. In fact, the criticism in questions displays three leitmotivs of Averroes’s dissent towards Avicenna: the harsh tone and the ad personam character of the attack, stressing an error unworthy of Avicenna’s alleged fame in philosophy; the insistence on Avicenna’s agreement and consonance with contemporary thinkers, a fact that in Averroes’s eyes evidences the profound gap separating Avicenna from the ancient masters, depositaries of authentic philosophy; the reproach addressed to Avicenna of being too conversant with, and receptive of, Islamic theology, thus disregarding the requirements of true philosophy. The article shows that in each of these three respects Averroes in fact presents Avicenna’s position in a biased way: indeed Avicenna does not uphold the specific version of human spontaneous generation that Averroes ascribes to him; his doctrine of human spontaneous generation is deeply rooted in ancient philosophy; and his account of this doctrine evidences clear non-religious (and therefore non-theological) traits.

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Phantasms of Reason and Shadows of Matter: Averroes’s Notion of the Imagination and Its Renaissance Interpreters, 2013
By: Guido Giglioni
Title Phantasms of Reason and Shadows of Matter: Averroes’s Notion of the Imagination and Its Renaissance Interpreters
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2013
Published in Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe
Pages 173–196
Categories Averroism, Renaissance, Psychology
Author(s) Guido Giglioni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In Averroes’s view of the cosmos, living beings discern, animals imagine, individual human beings cogitate, humankind as a whole thinks, and intellects intuit and understand themselves. In other words, natural operations in living organisms are capable of discriminating between the useful and the harmful, animal nature processes images (intentions is Averroes’s term) from matter, individual men cogitate those images and the human intellect thinks insofar as it is considered a species, i.e., the human species. In this sense, the intellect of the human species thinks the sublunary world as one collective representation of the universe to be further abstracted and processed by higher levels of intellectual activity. A number of Renaissance philosophers, depending on how they interpreted the special relationship between intellects, the material intellect and bodily imaginations, elaborated a series of fascinating solutions in response to Averroes’s challenging view. This chapter focuses on the notion of the imagination – and dream imagination in particular – and intends to demonstrate the important role played by this faculty in unravelling some of the most notorious puzzles of Averroes’s philosophy. As will become clear over the course of this chapter, this role needs to be explored in all its various dimensions (metaphysical, epistemological, cosmological, medical and theologico-political).

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The Transmutations of a Young Averroist: Agostino Nifo’s Commentary on the Destructio Destructionum of Averroes and the Nature of Celestial Influences, 2013
By: Nicholas Holland
Title The Transmutations of a Young Averroist: Agostino Nifo’s Commentary on the Destructio Destructionum of Averroes and the Nature of Celestial Influences
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2013
Published in Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe
Pages 99–124
Categories Agostino Nifo, Cosmology
Author(s) Nicholas Holland
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This chapter examines Agostino Nifo’s analysis of the nature of celestial influence on the sublunary world in his commentary on Averroes’s Destructio destructionum (Tahāfut al-Tahāfut). First it explores how Nifo derives from sources contained in Averroes’s work and through the mediation of Albertus Magnus and other Latin philosophers, the idea that the heavenly bodies may cause ‘spiritual’ or ‘intentional’ as well as physical or corporeal change in the sublunary world. In his commentary (1497) on the fourteenth dispute of the Destructio, Nifo brings this dualist model of celestial influence together with material drawn from Neoplatonic, Hermetic and astrological sources in order to explain the principles of prophecy, alchemy, demonology and magnetism. Where Averroes had associated celestial influence with a form of unintentional causality, Nifo’s account suggests that celestial bodies follow patterns of intentional activity. In this way, celestial bodies are seen as a cause of change in the sublunary world, in general, and on man, in particular. The closing section contrasts Nifo’s method of synthesising conflicting philosophical positions and his defense of astrology with the work of his contemporary and sometime associate Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.

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Was Ibn Rushd an Averroist? The Problem, the Debate, and Its Philosophical Implications, 2013
By: Anna Akasoy
Title Was Ibn Rushd an Averroist? The Problem, the Debate, and Its Philosophical Implications
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2013
Published in Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe
Pages 321–348
Categories Averroism
Author(s) Anna Akasoy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Modern scholars disagree about the extent to which the historical Ibn Rushd actually defended the ideas commonly associated with Averroism and whether his philosophical ideas were controversial in his own day and age. The medieval sources mention persecutions, but the details of the conflict remain unclear. Controversies concerning the case of Ibn Rushd are connected to more general disagreements about the history of philosophy in the Islamic world. One of the main controversies divides the Straussians from their opponents. This contribution surveys the debate concerning Ibn Rushd’s radicalism and analyses some of the methodological differences among modern historians of Arabic philosophy. Understanding some of these differences may help to explain the reasons for such diverging assessments of Ibn Rushd’s thought.

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Revisiting the 1552–1550 and 1562 Aristotle-Averroes Edition, 2013
By: Charles Burnett
Title Revisiting the 1552–1550 and 1562 Aristotle-Averroes Edition
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2013
Published in Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe
Pages 55–64
Categories Aristotle, Transmission
Author(s) Charles Burnett
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article analyses the changes that were made between the well-known edition of all the works of Aristotle with the commentaries of Averroes published by Giunta brothers in Venice in 1550 (with a prefatory volume dated 1552), and an edition of 1562 from the same publishing house. It shows how the differences reflect the changes of interest in the time, especially in the University of Padua.

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Averroè. Commento al Peri Poietikes, 1990
By: Averroes,
Title Averroè. Commento al Peri Poietikes
Type Monograph
Language undefined
Date 1990
Publication Place Milano
Publisher Coliseum
Categories Poetics, Logic
Author(s) Averroes ,
Publisher(s)
Translator(s) Baffioni Carmela

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Averroè. filosofia e religione, 1982
By: Alessandro Bausani
Title Averroè. filosofia e religione
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 1982
Journal Il Contributo
Volume 6
Issue 4
Pages 21–33
Categories Theology
Author(s) Alessandro Bausani
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès, 1978
By: Roger Arnaldez
Title Averroès
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 1978
Published in Multiple Averroès. Actes du Colloque International organisé à l'occasion du 850 anniversaire de la naissance d'averroès, Paris 20–23 septembre 1976
Pages 13–18
Categories no categories
Author(s) Roger Arnaldez
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès, 2000
By: Ali Benmakhlouf
Title Averroès
Type Monograph
Language undefined
Date 2000
Publication Place Paris
Publisher Les Belles Lettres
Categories Modern Interpretations and Adaptations
Author(s) Ali Benmakhlouf
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès, 2000
By: Ali Benmakhlouf
Title Averroès
Type Monograph
Language undefined
Date 2000
Publication Place Paris
Publisher Les Belles Lettres
Series Figures du savoir
Volume 22
Categories Surveys
Author(s) Ali Benmakhlouf
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès (Ibn Rushd), 1998
By: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī
Title Averroès (Ibn Rushd)
Type Article
Language French
Date 1998
Journal Etudes de Philosophie Médiévale
Volume 60
Issue 3
Categories Surveys
Author(s) ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès (Ibn Rushd) et sa postérité dans le judaïsme médiéval. La philosophie de Moïse de Narbonne (1300-1362), 2014
By: Maurice-Ruben Hayoun
Title Averroès (Ibn Rushd) et sa postérité dans le judaïsme médiéval. La philosophie de Moïse de Narbonne (1300-1362)
Type Book Section
Language French
Date 2014
Published in Orient-Occident racines spirituelles de l’Europe. Enjeux et implications de la translatio studiorum dans le judaïsme, le christianisme et l’islam de l’Antiquité à la Renaissance. Actes du colloque scientifique international 16-19 novembre 2009
Pages 275–282
Categories Jewish Averroism, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Maurice-Ruben Hayoun
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès (Ibn Rušd) Commentaire moyen à la Rhétorique d'Aristote. Édition critique du texte arabe et traduction française, 2003
By: Averroes, Aouad Maroun (Ed.),
Title Averroès (Ibn Rušd) Commentaire moyen à la Rhétorique d'Aristote. Édition critique du texte arabe et traduction française
Type Monograph
Language undefined
Date 2003
Publication Place Paris
Publisher J. Vrin
Series Union académique internationale
Volume 17
Categories Rhetoric
Author(s) Averroes , Aouad Maroun ,
Publisher(s)
Translator(s) Aouad Maroun

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Averroès a-t-il cité le talmud?, 1949
By: Georges Vajda
Title Averroès a-t-il cité le talmud?
Type Article
Language French
Date 1949
Journal Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Age
Volume 17
Pages 267-270
Categories Influence
Author(s) Georges Vajda
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Averroès a-t-il inventé une théorie des deux sujets de la pensée, 2005
By: Jean-Baptiste Brenet
Title Averroès a-t-il inventé une théorie des deux sujets de la pensée
Type Article
Language French
Date 2005
Journal Tópicos. Revista de Filosofía
Volume 29
Pages 53–86
Categories Psychology
Author(s) Jean-Baptiste Brenet
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
According to Thomas Aquinas, Averroes's philosophy of the mind is characterized by the doctrine of the "double subject", which is found in his Long Commentary on the De anima. As it is well-known, Averroes asserts that the intelligibles in act or theoretical intelligibles may be said to have two subjects (duo subiecta): the material intellect and the image of the cogitative power, whose connection allows individual human beings to think. We try here to know if it is properly a "theory" produced by Averroes. By analysing all the texts dealing with it, we both intend to justify the use of the term "subiectum" applied to the image and to show that the expression "duo subiecta", equivocal from a lexical point of view, is totally clear from a conceptual one. The doctrine of the double subject is certainly a thesis of Averroes consequent with his latter stage of his philosophy and his new teaching on the material intellect, but it is not, contrary to the interpretation of his Latin opponents, the doctrine of the two "substrates" which would make man the second place of the intelligible in act.

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